Mitundu ya midzi mu Russia. The mitundu ikuluikulu midzi kumidzi

Russia ali pakati pa mayiko pamwamba khumi mawu alionse. Data kwa kalembera wotsiriza, amene anali amachitika 2010, zikusonyeza kuti anthu oposa 142 moyo m'dziko.

Gulu yaying'ono okhala anthu kupanga midzi. mitundu chachikulu akuimira mu Russia - mzinda, ang'ono mzinda, mudzi ndi mudzi, mudzi hamlet, m'mudzimo. Mapangidwe midzi chifukwa chachilengedwe. midzi yaikulu kuonekera mu madera ndi yabwino kwambiri nyengo ndi mpumulo zinthu, angathe mafakitale ndi zachuma.

Russia - Dziko ndi nyengo mwachilungamo wolimba Ndithu kwenikweni zimakhudza mapangidwe a dongosolo la midzi. M'madera amene kuli anthu ambiri Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi chigawo chapakati.

Chinanso okhudza Pamudzi, imatengedwa lingathe mafakitale madera. Popeza kuti chachikulu mchere madipoziti mu Russia ali m'gawo lake kumpoto, gawo ili la dziko - zigawo kwambiri m'mafakitale anayamba ndi ndi mkulu osalimba anthu.

Taganizirani mitundu ya midzi latsopano la Russia.

M'matauni ndi m'midzi

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya midzi ali? midzi yonse latsopano la Russia anawagawa m'midzi ndi m'mizinda, kumene kumasonyeza mawonekedwe chachikulu cha ntchito za anthu.

Wamphamvu Russian anthu amakhala mu mzinda. Zimenezi kufotokoza zifukwa onse chikhalidwe ndi chuma. Cities ndi ambiri malo a chitukuko ndi zomangamanga otukuka, kupezeka kwa zipangizo chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, wabwino, kuposa mu moyo wakumudzi. Zifukwa zimenezi chifukwa eksodo m'midzi kutali ndi pafupi kutha kwa midzi ang'onoang'ono a kumidzi.

mnjira mizinda mutu wa midzi otchedwa mizinda. mzinda yaikulu mu Russia ndi pakati mafakitale kuti akuloledwa kupulumuka wamba njala. Kukula kwa malo kwachititsa kuchuluka kwawo ndi monga Motero, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha moyo mwa iwo. Lero, firii kotala ya anthu dziko amakhala m'mizinda.

Gulu lalikulu yoonetsa mitundu ya midzi ndi gulu zokhudza anthu.

Zochita za mizinda ndi anthu

Chiwerengero cha mizinda ndi midzi mu Russia, oposa 2000 maudindo, amene mizinda chikwi zana ndi townships zoposa zikwi ziwiri. Midzi Russian ndi midzi yake yozungulira, chiwerengero cha anthu okhala amene si anthu osachepera zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri, amene oposa 90 peresenti chinkhoswe kumabungwe yopanga, chikhalidwe ndi utumiki.

Moscow - mudzi waukulu wa Russian Federation, likulu lake, pamene anthu oposa 10 miliyoni.

Population limakupatsani kugawanitsa mumzindamo mitundu izi m'midzi:

• mzinda owonjezera lalikulu, kapena mzinda wa Anthu amene anthu kuposa mamiliyoni atatu. Mu Russia, izi mizinda 2 - Moscow ndi St. Petersburg.
• Kumzinda waukulu ndi anthu pakati pa munthu ndi mamiliyoni atatu. Mu Russia, mizinda 13 ndi anthu osiyanasiyana analengeza, kuphatikizapo Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Rostov pa-Don, Ufa.
• mzinda waukulu, amene anthu tichipeza mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu zikwi miliyoni. Mu Russia pali mizinda woposa makumi anayi.
• m'mizinda ikuluikulu, kumene chiwerengero cha anthu okhala zimasiyanasiyana mwa mazana awiri zana ndi makumi zikwi. The m'dziko limenelo chiwerengero chawo kuposa makumi asanu ndi anayi.
• Mizinda sing'anga-kakulidwe, kumene makumi asanu ndi chimodzi zikwi zana moyo. chiwerengero chawo kuposa zana ndi makumi asanu.
• matauni ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi, anthu amene alibe upambana anthu zikwi makumi asanu.

The kwambiri kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu amapezeka mu mizinda ndi midzi yaikulu chifukwa kukula mafakitale ndi zachuma.

m'tawuni agglomeration

Kuyankhula za mitundu ya midzi m'tauni ya Russia, izo ndi zofunika kuti akhale ndi maganizo "agglomeration m'tawuni". Mu lingaliro limeneli mgwirizano kufupi ndi mizinda ikuluikulu mzinda sing'anga-kakulidwe, omwe ndi ogwirizana ndi ntchito, zogwiritsidwa nchito, mafakitale ndi zina kugwirizana.

Izi mizinda sing'anga-kakulidwe ankatchedwa mizinda Kanema. m'matauni Satellite kuchepetsa osalimba a anthu mu lalikulu.

Chinthu chofunika achititsa kuti zosayembekezereka wa agglomerations kupangika kugwirizana zoyendera pakati pa mizinda. M'matauni Russian Kanema aumbike mwa Kuibyshev, Moscow, St. Petersburg.

Kuphatikiza agglomerations Mega anapanga. The megalopolises Russian sumangoyambika lero.

Zochita za mizinda pa maziko structural

Kupititsa dongosolo la Russia amalola kusankha mitundu ya m'tawuni: feduro, dera (.. Regional, dera, Republican, etc.) ndi Boma.

RF Constitution imalongosola la feduro mzinda mzinda wa Moscow, St. Petersburg ndi Sevastopol.

Cities zofunika dera amaonedwa m'midzi kuti atumikire monga likulu zachuma ndi chikhalidwe, yodziwika ndi makampani chitukuko ndi chiwerengero cha anthu owonjezera anthu zikwi makumi atatu.

Komabe, zizindikiro kachulukidwe ya anthu m'mizinda si ine ndekha, nawonso patsogolo. Chofunika muyezo kwa mtundu mizinda mizinda ya kufunika dera angathe kuonedwa monga chikhalidwe, ntchito zachuma, zikayenda muzochitika moyo ndi chikhalidwe, wapadera m'mbiri, zolinga yaitali kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi vuto la zachuma. Kuwonjezera i pamwamba, kuti m'kagulu mizinda mizinda ya kufunika dera ndipo ayenera kuonedwa mzinda ndi dongosolo chigawo.

Zimafunika chiwerengero cha anthu okhala m'mizinda ya kufunika zigawo ndi munthu aliyense phunziro la Russia. Childs, kuphatikizapo midzi m'matauni ndi anthu mwa zikwi makumi asanu. Pa gawo la mzinda pali makampani anayamba zofunikira, kupereka maphunziro, mankhwala ndi malonda mabungwe komanso magulu chikhalidwe.

Zochita za mizinda pa maziko zinchito

The kufanizitsa otsatirawa pa mitundu ya midzi anthu kumatanthauza magawano awo, ozikidwa pa executable ntchito za mzinda. Mbali zinthu monga: ndale ndi utsogoleri, mafakitale, zoyendera malonda, za sayansi, nkhondo, zamasewela (Ubwino) ntchito. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito imene mzinda anawagawa monofunctional ndi multifunctional.

Zochita za mizinda mmene chuma chikuyendera komanso malo

Amatipatsanso midzi kuwunikira pa mitundu ya midzi za moyo wawo zachuma komanso malo:

• ili pa madipoziti mchere;
• zokhudza zomangamanga sitima;
• doko;
• mafakitale ndi kayendedwe.

Pamudzi m'tawuni

Wapakatikati pakati m'tawuni ndi kumidzi mu Russia ndi m'tawuni-mtundu Pamudzi. Izi wapakatikati ndi mbali yaikulu pa chiwerengero cha anthu a midzi amenewa, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito.

Total midzi m'matawuni la Russia kuposa mayunitsi 1200. Chiwerengero cha moyo m'midzi amenewa akhoza osiyanasiyana monga dazeni angapo zikwi zingapo. Yaikulu midzi m'tawuni-mtundu mu Russia anazindikira m'mudzi Ordzhonikidzevskya, kumene oposa 64 zikwi anthu.

Pali subspecies zingapo midzi m'tauni, zomwe zili kunja kwa mzinda. midzi amenewa ndi: midzi ogwira ntchito, kumene nyumba mafakitale (anthu pafupifupi zikwi zitatu); Holide midzi (anthu kwa anthu zikwi ziwiri); midzi wakunja kwatawuni.

midzi Rural ali Ambiri akuimira mu Russia. kuchuluka kwawo okwana kuposa zikwi 150. A kotala mfundo zimenezi akhoza zimachitika kwa kulibe populata, anthu osakwana 10 akukhala umo.

Ngakhale kuchuluka zazikulu zimene ndi kumidzi, chiwerengero cha akukhala umo ndi pang'ono kuposa zaka makumi awiri peresenti ya anthu okwana Russian.

Izi zilili ndi chifukwa muyezo wochepa moyo m'mudzi, zamakono ake ofooka zida, womwe kumabweretsa kusamuka m'mizinda.

Mitundu ya midzi okhala kumadera akumidzi, malingana ndi anthu awo akhoza wachinsinsi motere:

• Large, ndi anthu oposa zikwi zisanu.
• Large, ndi anthu okwana asanu.
• Avereji ya anthu pakati pa mazana awiri - chikwi anthu.
• Small ndi anthu anthu mazana awiri.

The mitundu ikuluikulu midzi kumidzi, anapereka ku Russia

• Mudzi - ndi m'dera lalikulu limene pali kapena kamodzi mpingo. Iye akutumikira monga likulu m'deralo.
• Mudzi - ndi m'dera laling'ono, limene mbiri analibe mpingo.
• Mudzi - mtundu watsopano wa Pamudzi m'midzi, omwe adanyamuka masiku a Soviet Union.
• Aul - Pamudzi, amene ankaimira anthu mafuko: Circassian, Abaza ndi Nogai.
• Farm - Pamudzi ndi munda munthu, wokhala outbuildings, chiwerengero cha zomwe si upambana 10.
• Mudzi - m'mudzi anapanga Cossack. Mudzi waukulu wa dziko - Kanevskaya Krasnodar Gawo, anthu ake - 45 zikwi anthu.

Mitundu ya midzi inakhazikitsidwa mu Russia kwa zaka zambiri. Gulu la midzi ali kwambiri ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nyengo. Agriculture - mtundu waukulu ntchito za anthu okhala m'midzi lero. zinthu zabwino nyengo zimapezeka pano.

Popeza kuti ambiri rekodi-zinchito mudzi, lero pali mitundu ikuluikulu m'midzi - mzinda.

kuti adzimvera

Poganizira mutu wakuti "mitundu ya midzi unakhazikitsidwa pa dera la Russian Federation Kodi", tinganene kuti quantitatively kufunga akumidzi, koma anthu kachulukidwe m'matauni ndi apamwamba kwambiri.