GAZ 46: zofunika ndi kufotokozera

Gorky galimoto Bzalani opangidwa kwambiri magalimoto woyenera kukumbukira mibadwo. Chidwi anali chitsanzo m'munsi, ndi zochokera iwo makina zolinga zosiyana. kuitana zosowa Ndiyeno pa maziko a GAZ 69 Jeep GAZ 46 "Amphibian".

kulemba

Zinachitikira ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anasonyeza mphamvu komanso zofooka za zida Soviet asilikali, komanso mipata mu chilengedwe chake. Akuyandama galimoto sanali a asilikali.

Analandira pansi kongoletsani-pangano zinayi kuyendera Ford GPA amphibian ndi magalimoto zisanu ndi matayala DUKW ntchito akuwoloka mtsinje wa ku Eastern Europe m'zaka asilikali amanyansidwa sovestskih ku Germany.

Kumene, njira imeneyi watengedwa pa cholemba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa nkhondo mu dongosolo yaitali kukonzanso pamodzi ndi ena m'gulu onse zonyamula katundu ndi Gators.

Kwenikweni chidwi opepuka galimoto mkulu wa asilikali a angathe kunachititsa mavuto madzi ndi kuyenda mu gulu lomwelo ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Katundu DUKW anali zinachitika loyamba la ZIS-485 - lalikulu galimoto waterfowl (anatsalira). Analogue akuyandama SUV Ford GPA nakhala pa nthawi, GAZ 46 galimoto la Mauritius Small natatorial.

Mbiri ya galimoto akuyandama

Asilikali anali kukonda mtundu wa sayansi kuti ndi kale mu 1948 Research Engine Institute (NAMI) wayamba m'malo mwa Bungwe la nduna ndi Utumiki wa galimoto ndi makampani thalakitala achule chitukuko zochokera bwino nsanja SUV GAZ-67. Mawu Buku otchulidwa za sayansi, cholinga zoyendera ndi magulu dziko ndi oyendetsa nyanja ndi zonyoza zimayenda a anthu asanu kapena makilogalamu 500 katundu, towing pa nyumba madzi kuwala, pontoons ndi maofesi ena akuyandama kuti ntchito ndi asilikali a ukachenjede.

The zitsanzo poyamba ankatchedwa NAMI-011, anadutsa mayesero interdepartmental ndipo analimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali, ngakhale kuti kapangidwe anali yosakongola.

Ulimi wa achule mlandu Gorky. Bzalani akatswiri mwasintha ambiri kamangidwe, chikusintha ntchito za makina, mpaka zimango za GAZ-67.

Kuyambira mu 1951 mpaka 1953, mtanda koyamba zitsulo kulowa usilikali wotchedwa GAZ-011 ndi anakonza usilikali kuti panali mavuto aakulu kwambiri kukhala ndikukhazikitsa bwino galimoto GAZ 46, amene adatenga nkhani ndemanga pa chitsanzo yapita ndipo inathetsedwa kwambiri zolakwa zake.

Trailed intrigue kwambiri, zouluka mitu, anasintha utsogoleri, koma mapeto, galimoto latsopano zochokera ano GAZ 69 linatulutsidwa.

Mwatsoka, zinabala amphibious yaitali asanafike mapeto a makumi asanu, chifukwa kumayambiriro zaka nkhondoyo, zasintha luso komanso ndi njira za nkhondo, ndi kuwala Gators anakhala zosafunika. Komanso, kupanga maziko a GAZ 69 inkatchedwa kwa Ulyanovsk galimoto Bzalani, kumene kunali kosatheka kuti apange achule pazifukwa ntchito.

Kufotokozera achule

Buoyancy waterfowl makina kupereka welded zitsulo nyumba pa chimango wa mbiri bokosi. Galimotoyo ndi kufala anali ku GAZ 69, ndi injini - kuchokera galimoto "Pobeda" GAZ-M20.

Nkhani kutengerapo anali kutsinde zina za tinakwera ndi masamba atatu, kuteteza motsutsana kuwonongeka m'munsi wamphamvu Arc. Akunyengerera ndi zingwe anaika pa chiwongolero ndime ochilumikiza ku gudumu madzi, amene aikidwa mu madzi ndege analengedwa ndi wononga kwambiri.

kunali kotheka kwa kufinya kwapang'ono kusintha mtanda pa tayala silty mtunda kuchepetsa, popanda mantha kuti magudumu kugunda madzi. Kulumikizana onse aumbike ndi losindikizidwa zolumikizira magetsi, sayenera kuiteteza ndi wogulitsa, chifukwa kwathunthu losindikizidwa.

Anaika pa kuwala lakutsogolo chenjezo kulamulira ingress madzi mu Gwirani. Pa foredeck ndi GAZ 46 anachokera muffler ndi tailpipe. Komabe, phokoso la muffler anali amphamvu kuti galimoto anatulukira. Pa zina dzanja uta sitimayo ili khosi thanki mphamvu, i.e. ngati kuli kofunika imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta thanki mafuta akhoza kukhala mwachindunji pa madzi.

Nyumba akuyandama galimoto

Nyumba Gaz 46 pontoon mtundu kupangidwa popanda mazenera, lagawidwa zipinda zitatu ndi makoma yopingasa. Uta chipinda ndi injini-kufala chipinda. Chipinda chapakati ndi cockpit adalira ndi okwera m'mbuyo katundu chipinda.

Pa mphuno ili changeover wa mbale kuzunguza mitu amene anamuukitsa asanalowe madzi. Iwo chindiletsa "kuzikwirira" mphuno mu madzi, kuteteza mpweya wambiri chifukwa yozizira galimoto ndi chipinda chapakati m'madzi.

Lili pakati pa nyali kwa mooring bollard amphibian pa madzi ndi capstan anthu opulumutsidwawo buoy.

Kunja kwa thupi, ndalezo wokwera absorbers mantha. Kumbuyo chapamwamba nsanja zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo gudumu yopuma.

Zashuga GAZ 46

kanyumba kamangidwe, ngati Pankhaniyi n'koyenera zokwera tanthauzo la wovutika chophweka amphibian udaikidwa pa malangizo a asilikali. Otonthoza kapena adalira kapena okwera Sunali kuperekedwa. Ndipo, chinali kuti kalembera wa GAZ 46 galimoto, m'malo ngati ngalawa. The chida gulu kwathunthu Anabwereka GAZ 69. Kufala levers kudzanja lamanja la dalaivala. M'mabokosi zachilendo mawonekedwe ndi pedals ali pafupi wina ndi mnzake kuti ngati yaing'ono monga zotheka mabowo zamakono mwa madzi, sakhoza kulowa kugwira. zenera lakutsogolo chimango aikidwa pa nyumba ya chipinda zonyamula akhoza ataphimbidwa ndi lona.

Mzere kutsogolo kwa mipando tichipeza mipando iwiri: chifukwa mkulu ndi dalaivala. Kumbuyo iwo anaika patatu benchi popanda kusintha.

Mu zashuga chifukwa chomasuka yokonza ndi mafuta fyuluta.

achule injini

Gorky ntchito GAZ 46 injini ya banja lomwelo, amene chikalata pa fakitale pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Iwo petulo (mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale ndi octeni nambala 66), zinayi sitiroko Otto, buku la malita 2.1.

The Motors 20 ndi M-gasi 69 ali pafupifupi zofanana mu kapangidwe ndi miyeso wonse. GAZ 69 ndi mphamvu malita 55. m., chifukwa waterfowl Makina yabwino kwambiri chifukwa okonzeka ndi ozizira mafuta, amene sikutanthauza kuwomba mphepo imathamanga mkulu, amene anatipatsira pamene ukuyenda mu madzi.

mphamvu Engine ndi "Win" imene ili m'munsi, osati kwambiri m'munsi - 52 malita. a.

Chifukwa injini anali kupeza mpweya zochepa, ndi kuzizira kutentha mu kuzirala dera m'madziwo Amawapatsa kuyambira pachiyambi kwa yozizira amagetsi.

M20 gulu injini anali odalirika ndi kuvala zosagwira, komabe umayendetsedwa pa makina aakulu. Ndi wosavuta kusamalira, kukonza ndi kukonza, koma apa pali malo kuikidwa ndi lopapatiza kwambiri Bay kuvumbitsira imperceptible ulemu GAZ 46.

kufala achule

Galimoto okonzeka ndi atatu gawo Buku HIV ndi magawanidwe kufala atatu magiya 3.115, 1.772 ndi 1.0, motero, ndi kumbuyoko - 3.738. Choka mlandu - wapawiri-siteji, ndi magawanidwe zida za 1,15 ndi 2,78. The zida chiŵerengero pa conical kufala chachikulu ndi dzino helical - 5.125, pa limagwirira chiwongolero, amene anali globoid mphutsi ndi awiri wodzigudubuza - 18.2.

Zowalamulira - youma umodzi mbale. Chocks, ntchito - mawilo onse anayi ndi galimoto hayidiroliki ku pedals ndi, magalimoto - kwa HIV ndi Buku pagalimoto makina.

Luso makhalidwe a galimoto GAZ 46

General zambiri kuchokera msewu:

- chiwerengero cha malo: 5 kapena 2 + 500 makilogalamu;

- kulemera: matani 1,85 popanda katundu;

- kutalika kwa m'litali × m'lifupi × kutalika (a nyumba ndi): 5,06 × 1,735 × 2,04 mamita;

- WB: 2.3 mamita;

- nthaka chilolezo pansi axles ndi (katundu zonse): 210 mamilimita;

- kutembenukira utali wozungulira pa mbali projecting - 6.5 m.

Pamtunda Gaz 46 ali ndi liwiro pamwamba 90 Km / h, chiwerengerochi - 48 Km / h, madzi - 9 km / ola.

mowa Highway mafuta ndi malita 17 pa 100 Km, poyenda mu madzi zofunika mafuta malita 16.5 paola pa dziko malo mphamvu - 500 Km, amapitiriza - maola 6. Kugonjetsa ngalande galimoto si waluso, otsetsereka inalipo - 60%.

moyo watsopano wa achule akale

Koposa theka la zana zapita kuyambira kutuluka kwa makina atsopano, dzimbiri kwambiri pa masamba a mayunitsi lankhondo la magalimoto anapita kwa zidutswa, koma chifukwa mafani retromobiles ena a iwo moyo watsopano anapatsidwa.

maganizo lero anatchula kukongola kwa thupi ndi chitetezo chake. Lang'anani pa kuchira amatenga nthawi pang'ono ndi khama. Koma injini linasinthidwa kukhala amphamvu kwambiri ndi "Volga" mpweya 24/31. 46th GAZ ndi katundu zimalemera matani oposa awiri ndi theka, ndi injini M20 pakuti adaponderezedwa. Komabe, kwa kuziziritsa masiku petulo injini adzasowe mpweya chomwecho mu Gwirani, kumapambana wotere ndi dizilo. Siyani akatswiri mbadwa Buku HIV, razdatku, kagwere, milatho capstan, mpope kwa ikukoka madzi ndi zipangizo (!). Ngakhale milatho popanda kutsekereza madalaivala panopa simuzindikira, kusintha pa asilikali. Mawilo, mwina tsopano sanapeze, kotero anapereka "wachibale" - UAZ.

Amphibian kunja

Fans magalimoto akuyandama ndi padziko lonse lapansi. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi chochitika chofunika-Trarbach (Germany) mu August 2014, pamene mtsinje Moselle amphibian eni anasonkhana magalimoto awo. Amagwirana zitsanzo ndi m'misewu, ndi mtsinje mbadwa.

Mu mlungu Ine inatenga izi zikondwerero ganizo luso. Iwo anali nawo za makumi asanu ndi magalimoto osiyana, kuphatikizapo wapadera amphibious kunyumba zopangidwa.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ambiri a iwo anayamba akuyandama SUV Ford GPA (panali khumi), amene anali ngati zinachitika kwa GAZ 46. Photo akutsimikiza ubwenzi ngakhale lero. Pamwamba chithunzi Ford, ndipo pansipa akuyandama Russian SUV (panali zisanu mu msonkhano). Mwa njira, yemweyo adachitanso DUKW magalimoto ndi Porsche Schwimmwagens, nawo asilikali Wachiwiri World nkhondo Wehrmacht.

zitsanzo achule

GAZ-46 analemekeza pansi chiwerengero 100 kulowa deta zitsanzo za Russian sayansi ndi maphunziro magazini za magalimoto Soviet "Avtolegendy USSR." Buku anadzipereka chitsanzo chimodzi, imafalitsidwa kawiri pa mwezi ndipo ntchitoyi Mayina ndi buku la galimoto wokhometsa, wopangidwa lonse la 1: 43 China mwa Italy kampani DeAgostini. Ananena kusindikiza athamangadi anali makope 120,000. Mdima makina wobiriwira kwa mwatsatanetsatane lonse okwanira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane, koma akatswiri amanena kuti magudumu sali mu chitsanzo kunyumba, ndi zake maonekedwe la chihema. chitsanzo unagwa m'magulu anayi: thupi, chogona pansi, chihema kwambiri unsightly.

Anapanga chitsanzo cha amphibian mu muyezo wofanana ndi mu maphunzilowa "Ural Chimphamba" mu Yekaterinburg, osati wobiriwira, komanso mitundu kwambiri kukongoletsa, monga buluu kapena wofiira.

GAZ 46 malonda opangidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa 1958 ndipo analibe zosintha, iye anatsalira mu utumiki zoposa zaka makumi atatu, ngakhale monga magalimoto reconnaissance kale ntchito BRDM. Achule anali mu regiments mlatho utumiki pontoon ndi ferrying Airborne battalions osati Soviet Union, komanso maiko a Warsaw ke. Sizikudziwika angati magalimoto pamzere olondola lero, koma iwo ali, eni bwino wachikondi kumapitiriza nsomba kapena kusaka ndi nkhani ya kunyada achilungamo nawo m'zinthu za zipangizo zina zapadera.