Mitundu Catadromous ndi anadromous nsomba; makhalidwe awo ndi malo

okhala dziko la nyanja, nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi yosiyanasiyana. Asayansi nkhani chilengedwe mchere padziko mitundu 12,000 ya nsomba ndi malo madzi - pafupi makope 6800. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu ya nsomba amasamukira zonse: kwa mitsinje m'nyanjamo, ku nyanja ku mtsinje. Ena amatero kamodzi pachaka, ena tsiku lililonse. Kodi muyenera ndi yogwedeza ndi zimene mitundu ya anagawa amoyo onse kusamuka siliva? Ambiri tamva za anadromous, catadromous ndi transboundary nsomba. Pa iwo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa za kusamuka nsomba

Amasamukira (zosamukasamuka nsomba) amasiyana khomo limodzi ndi anthu angathe kusambira kwa kanthawi m'nyanja, ndi theka lina - m'mitsinje kupita mu iwo. Ena nsomba kusamuka kusuntha mosavuta pa njira madzi oyera malo (anadromous nsomba mitundu), ndipo ena - pa nyanja (catadromous anthu). Ambiri a kusintha awa amayenda mtunda wautali. Chotero kusamutsidwa kugwirizana ndi mwina chakudya, kapena ndi kuswana.

Anadromous ndi catadromous nsomba ndi makhalidwe awo, ndi zosintha mu amenewa madzi. Kusamuka, anthu amenewo kufunafuna malo abwino kwa kukula kwa kotunga mwachangu chakudya. Mu kusintha kwa sing'anga wina ndi mzake izo amadya ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo pali mitundu yonse ya mavuto: mathithi, mathithi, mkulu-liwiro otaya. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kupyolera mwa anthu akuluakulu muyenera kudziunjikira malo zinthu mwa mawonekedwe a mafuta. Ambiri zosamukasamuka nsomba imfa amayembekeza pambuyo spawning, ndi ena Mofanana zimaswana mobwerezabwereza. nsomba ndi nkhani zofunika ufulu nsomba ndi mphamvu ya nyama zina.

kudziwika anadromy

mitundu Anadromous wa nsomba spawning chilengedwe m'madzi n'kufuna kuti atsopano. Oimira kwambiri ndi nsomba, hering'i, Nsombazi. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri ndi nsomba za Pacific Ocean. Akuluakulu akhoza kulemera 6kg ndipo ndi kutalika 60 cm. Spawning amathera mu mitsinje Japan Peninsula Primorye, kusuta, Sakhalin. view Zikuoneka kuyatsa mu madzi mtsinje, ndiye kusambira anthu m'nyanja, komwe akupereka kwa zaka 1 mpaka 6. Pambuyo pake, kubwerera ku malo malo pachiyambi, zimaswana ndi kufa. Tikumbukenso kuti kayendedwe izi zichitika ndi otaya mitsinje.

The Black ndi Azov nawo pamsonkhanowo anadromous nsomba, monga hering'i. Ku ulendo wawo, iwo kusambira mu ankadziwana mitsinje European. Anadromous likamatenthetsa kuchita Nsombazi, lamprey ndi carp. Mndandanda wa nsomba anadromous kubwezeretsanso mawu akuti Shad, mumapezeka nsomba, atatu spined stickleback. Kuyambira oimira odziwika a carp angatchedwe krasnoporok-UGAI.

Kuwonjezera nsomba, ochepa chabe woimira lamprey a. Umapezeka ndi ankadziwana Volga. Spawns mu kamenistnyh ndi mchenga imene ili pafupi. anadromom wotchuka kwambiri ndi Nsombazi. Kamakhala mu mabeseni a Black, Caspian ndipo Azov nyanja, spawns mu Volga, Ural, Kura.

Anadromous munthu wina wa Black ndi Caspian Nyanja akutumikira kukwera. Iye sangachoke zaka zingapo mtsinje. Kwa mtundu uwu mulinso chum, nsomba, nsombazi woyera, nsombazi woyera. Ena Nsomba diurnal kusamuka mu mtsinje kwa kormozhki padziko (usiku), ndipo pa tsiku akubwerera ku malo amchere.

oimira katadromov

Nthumwi yowala mitundu catadromous ndi banja ugrovyh (njoka yam'madzi). mazira ake amatha kuyenda mu nyanja lotseguka kwa miyezi ndi zaka. Kenako ntchito kwa kugombe European kumene kusambira mu mtsinje ndi kuyamba kukula. Njoka yam'madzi amakonda mafunde amphamvu, matope kapena mchenga pansi. Taonani zovuta, masana, iye akubisala mu kamakumba una kapena pansi miyala. Pa Kukada, iye akudza kuchokera ku pobisalira wake. Ambiri a moyo wake njoka yam'madzi European amathera chilengedwe madzi oyera.

nsomba transboundary

Anthu okhala mu kampira, munthu woyendera nthambi wamba chuma, kudziwika monga mtanda malire. Kwenikweni, kuphatikizapo theka-anadromous nsomba amakhala m'mabanja mchere, blizprilegayuschey ku mitsinje ndi zimaswana mu malo madzi oyera. Zikuphatikizapo bream, carp. Mu Azov Sea ndi Nyanja Aral, ndi North Caspian zimapezeka Pike, roach, roach.

mitundu Anadromous nsomba za Nyanja Caspian

Kuchita zimenezi ndi zake zosiyanasiyana za dziko moyo wa Caspian beseni. Kukumana pano gobies kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo oimira chimphona - beluga. Salmon ndi lamprey, kuitana Kourou kuti zimaswana, kawirikawiri kufa ndi njala. Nsomba anadromous wa beseni komanso mitundu zotsatirazi: nsomba, nsomba woyera, Nsombazi, munga Nsombazi. Ndimasirira nyanja Pike nsomba, Pike, mlamba, carp, carp ndi woyera Amur.

Sturgeons kuchitiridwa si lalikulu kwambiri, koma pali anthu amene anakhalako zaka zoposa 30. Ena mwa stellate Nsombazi mu Nyanja ya Caspian mpaka makilogalamu 40 a kulemera. Koma nsomba m'nyanja anagwira kuchepa. nsomba zofunika kuti akakole pano ndi Pike. A mbali yaikulu ya nsomba ndi Rudd amene ali pa miyala, ndi zomera wandiweyani.

Chitetezo cha nsomba zosamukasamuka

Hatcheries zakhala zofunika kwambiri pofuna kuteteza mitundu ya nsomba ataliatali. zomera otere nthawi zambiri inamangidwa pa madamu pa pakamwa pa mitsinje yaikulu. zazikazi amakodwa ndi chongopeka inseminated. Pambuyo kusonyeza ng'ombe wake anali mu amatunga wapadera. Pambuyo mwachangu kukula, iwo wotumidwa kwa mgodi wapadera kapena mtsinje. The Russian hatcheries mabiliyoni mwachangu mwakula pachaka. Choncho chinaonekeranso ndi kubwezeretsedwa mitundu chidali anadromous nsomba: Nsombazi ndi nsomba. Ena zikugwira kulima nsomba ndi whitefish.

nsomba Russian wa Volga ndi Don anakhazikitsa nsomba kupanga-ndinazolowera: bream ndi carp. mwachangu ndi kudya zomera zimenezi ndi masoka kapena kupanga Adyetsa.