Mgwirizano - ichi n'chiyani? Mabungwe Trade wa Russia. Act mabungwe Trade

Pakali pano, mgwirizano - gulu lokhali wodzipereka kwa mokwanira kuimira ndi kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za antchito. Ndipo kukhoza kuthandiza olimba momwe kuwunika chitetezo, kuthetsa mikangano ntchito ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito kukhulupirika kwa ogwira ntchito, kukhala ndi mwayi kuwaphunzitsa malangizo a ulimi. Choncho, monga eni mabungwe, ndi monga wantchito wamba ayenera kudziwa ndi kuzindikira chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a m'banjamo.

Lingaliro la mabungwe malonda

Mgwirizano - bungwe la anthu ogwira ntchito kumalo a ntchito kuti athe kuthetsa akuwuka zokhudza zinthu zawo ntchito, zokonda zawo m'munda wa ntchito akatswiri.

Aliyense wogwira ntchito ya ogwira ntchito, amene ali bungwe, ali ndi ufulu mwaufulu agwirizane. Latsopano la Russia, monga mwa chilamulo, anthu ena ndi anthu opanda Unzika adzapezanso membala ukwati, ngati sichikutsutsana ndi mapangano lonse.

Nthawiyi, kupanga mgwirizano ndi mungathe lililonse nzika Russian amene mfumukazi zaka 14, ndi kuchita ntchito ntchito.

Mu Russia, lamulo lokhazikika chachikulu ogwira ncthito bungwe. Pansi pake amamvedwa kucheza yaufulu anthu ake onse amene ntchito ogwira ntchito zofanana. Kapangidwe ake akhoza kupangidwa magulu wogwirizana kapena munthu mabungwe ogwira ncthito ya zokambirana kapena m'madipatimenti.

Pulayimale chomwecho malonda ogwirizana akhoza kupanga mayanjano makampani ntchito, pa mbali Kupititsa kapena makhalidwe, kukhala kulunjika ntchito.

Association zilumikizano za malonda ayenera kugwirizana ndi mabungwe malonda ndi mayiko ena, kulowa pangano ndi iwo ndi mapangano kulenga mayanjano lonse.

Mitundu ndi zitsanzo

mabungwe malonda, malingana ndi chikhalidwe chawo Kupititsa anawagawa:

1. Onse-Russian ogwira ncthito gulu kuti Chili oposa theka la anthu ogwira ntchito zamanja chimodzi kapena zingapo akatswiri, kapena opaleshoni m'dera la oposa theka nkhani RF.
2. Inter m'madera ogwira ncthito mabungwe, unionists malonda kumanga nthambi imodzi kapena kugawo la nkhani zingapo la Russia, koma osachepera theka la chiwerengero chawo okwana.
3. Kupititsa Organization zilumikizano za Trade, kulumikizanitsa mamembala a mabungwe malonda a chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zinthu RF, m'mizinda, kapena m'madera ena. Mwachitsanzo, Arkhangelsk dera ogwira ncthito antchito ndege kapena Novosibirsk Regional Organization Public wa Trade Union wa anyabasa m'munda wa maphunziro onse ndi sayansi.

mabungwe onse akhoza pamodzi, motero, mu mayanjano interregional kapena mayanjano m'zigawozo mabungwe ogwira ncthito. Komanso matabwa mtundu kapena makomiti. Mwachitsanzo, Volgograd Council Regional zilumikizano za Trade - ndi dera lawo kugwirizana kwa mabungwe dera zilumikizano za malonda m'dzikolo.

Chitsanzo china chidwi ndi likulu kucheza. Moscow mabungwe ogwirizana ndi Moscow Federation zilumikizano za Trade mu 1990.

Malinga munda akatswiri, mungamvetse mabungwe malonda a kudzinenera osiyana ndi mitundu ya zinthu ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mgwirizano wa aphunzitsi, mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ovina mgwirizano zisudzo kapena oimba, ndi zina zotero D..

wogwirizana hayala

Ogwira ncthito mabungwe ndi mayanjano awo analengedwa ndi kukhazikika mwa hayala ndi, matabwa ake ndi amazilamulira. Iwo komanso kudzikonda bungwe ntchito zawo, gwirani misonkhano, misonkhano ndi zina zofanana.

Malamulo a mabungwe ogulitsa amakampani, amene amakhala mu dongosolo mayanjano Russian kapena interregional, sayenera zikutsutsana ndi malamulo a bungwe. Mwachitsanzo, komiti dera zilumikizano za malonda a m'dera aliyense sayenera amavomereza hayala muli zomwe otsutsana ndi chakudya cha Union Trade Interregional, dongosolo limene woyamba amatchedwa gulu.

Pankhaniyi, malamulo pazikhalanso:

• dzina, cholinga ndi ntchito ya mgwirizano malonda;
• siyana ndi magulu ogwirizana ndi antchito;
• ndondomeko Kukonzanso hayala, zopereka;
• ufulu ndi udindo wa anthu ake, zimene anatengera mu umembala wa bungwe;
• wogwirizana dongosolo;
• magwero a ndalama ndi dongosolo la kasamalidwe chuma;
• zinthu ndi makhalidwe a ziŵalo ndi liquidation ogwira mtima wamphumphu;
• zinthu zina zonse zokhudza ntchito ya ukwati.

Kulembetsa mgwirizano malonda bungwe lalamulo

Mgwirizano malonda kapena kucheza, monga mwa chilamulo Russian, boma akhoza kukalembetsa monga bungwe lalamulo. Koma zimenezi si chofunika.

State kulembetsa chikuchitika mu boma wamkulu zogwirizana pa malo malo malonda wamphumphu. Kwa njirayi, amakambidwa ngati nthumwi ayenera kupereka yoyambirira yeniyeni kapena magazini notarized ya hayala ndi Misonkhano zochita pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano malonda lingaliro pa kukondweretsa hayala ndi mndandanda wa ophunzira. Kenako lingaliro pa kupereka chokhala m'dzikolo. nkhope ndi deta ya gulu adzakhalanso mmodzi State Register.

Mgwirizano malonda antchito maphunziro, antchito mafakitale, akatswiri kapena ojambula zithunzi ngati mgwirizano wa anthu ena aliyense akhoza reorganized kapena lithe. Komanso, kukonzanso ake ayenera idzachitika mogwirizana ndi nkhani anavomereza kucheza ndi kuwonongedwa - lamulo la feduro.

Mgwirizano akhoza lithe ngati zochita zake contravene malamulo a dziko la Russia Federation kapena malamulo. Komanso mu milandu, luso kukakamiza kuyimitsidwa wa ntchito kwa miyezi 12.

Malamulo lamulo zilumikizano za malonda

Activities zilumikizano za malonda lero umamangidwa ndi malamulo a Chilamulo Federal № 10 pachibwenzi January 12, 1996 "Pa Trade mabungwe, ufulu wawo ndipo linapatsa". kusintha Recent zasintha December 22, 2014.

Lamulo limeneli kusodza ndi enshrined mfundo mgwirizano ndi Kunena mwachidule kugwirizana nazo. Komanso ufulu ndi ufulu wachibadidwe woperekedwa ndi kucheza ndi anthu ake.

Malinga Art. 4 Chilamulo Federal agwiritsidwa kwa makampani onse ankakhala mu gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, komanso Makampani onse Russian, amene ali kutsidya kwa nyanja.

Pakuti malamulo malamulo a magulu ogwira ncthito makampani usilikali, matupi apolisi, poweruza ndi prokurorstve, ndi Federal Security Service, miyambo akuluakulu, kayendetsedwe ka ziwalo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso mu ntchito ya utumiki moto wa Utumiki, Emergency ZAKU, pali osiyana zogwirizana malamulo.

ntchito

Cholinga chachikulu cha ukwati, monga gulu anthu pofuna kuteteza ogwira ntchito ufulu, ndi moyenera, chifaniziro ndi chitetezo cha chikhalidwe ndi antchito 'zofuna ndi ufulu kwa nzika zonse.

Mgwirizano - bungwe lakonzedwa kuteteza zofuna ndi ufulu wa ogwira ntchito pa ntchito yawo, kutukula ntchito antchito, pofuna kukwaniritsa malipiro abwino, ntchito ndi abwana ake.

Zofuna, amene cholinga kuteteza mabungwe awa akhoza kukhala njira chitetezo ntchito, malipiro ake, layoffs, kuchepetsedwa mu ndodo, kulephera kutsatira Labor Code ndi malamulo ena ntchito ofanana.

Zonsezi pamwambapa amatanthauza "kuteteza" gulu ntchito. Ntchito ina ya mabungwe malonda - ndi ntchito ya chifaniziro. Ndilo ubale pakati pa mabungwe ndi boma.

Mbali imeneyi - ndi chitetezo cha ufulu ogwira sali akumakhudzanso ntchito za bizinesi ndipo pa mlingo dziko. Choncho, mabungwe malonda kulandira nawo chisankho cha m'dera matupi wodzilamulira m'malo antchito. Iwo akhoza kutenga nawo mbali pa chitukuko cha dziko la mapulogalamu ntchito chitetezo, ntchito ndi zina zotero. Etc.

Kuti modutsa zofuna za mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi zipani zosiyanasiyana zandale, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kulenga awo.

bungwe loona zaufulu

mabungwe Trade - zimadalira pa akuluakulu mabwana m'dera matupi wodzilamulira ndi gulu la kasamalidwe kampani. Pamodzi ndi uwu, popanda yekha, kucheza ndi anthu otero ali ndi ufulu wofanana.

ufulu ogwira ncthito ali enshrined m'Chilamulo Federal "Pa mabungwe Trade, ufulu wawo ndipo linapatsa".

Malinga ndi chilamulo ichi, bungwe adzakhala lakuti kuti:

• chitetezo cha zinthu ogwira ntchito;
• Powonjezera mundondomeko za boma chifukwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo oyenera kutsata;
• gawo mu umwana ndi kukambirana za malamulo asilikali bungwe iwo;
• ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira unimpeded kupeza malo ndi kuzindikira zonse mudziwe chikhalidwe ndi ntchito kwa abwana ake;
• kunenerera gulu, Mgwirizano m'dziko, magawo;
• kumasonyeza bwana pa pakati, amene ayenera kuthetsa mkati mwa sabata;
• misonkhano, misonkhano, inawomba kulera zonena chidwi ndi antchito;
• nawo ofanana pa kayendetsedwe ka ndalama za boma, amene anapanga ndi malipiro umembala;
• kulenga chiphasochi awo kuti aziona kantchito, kugwilizana ndi mapangano gulu ndi ngozi zachilengedwe la antchito.

Ogwira ncthito mabungwe ndi ufulu adzatenga katundu monga dziko, nyumba, nyumba, spa ndi masewera maofesi, nyumba kusindikiza. Ndipo mwina eni masheya, ndi bwino kuti alenge ndi kutaya ndalama ndalama.

Ngati opangira panali ngozi thanzi kapena moyo wa anthu ntchito, wapampando wa mgwirizano malonda kulandira amafuna bwana kuti troubleshoot. Ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, kuthetsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito ku kuwonongedwa kwa kuyan'anila.

Ngati ogwira ntchito ndi reorganized kapena lithe, potero kumawonjezera kantchito antchito kapena adzakhala ndi ntchito kuchepetsedwa, kampani ayenera kuti awadziwitse mgwirizano palibe pasanafike miyezi itatu zisanachitike.

Chifukwa thumba inshuwalansi chikhalidwe mayanjano akatswiri akhoza kuchititsa kukasangalala kwa mamembala ake, kuwatuma kuti ndi pogwiritsa.

ufulu antchito kuti agwirizane ndi mgwirizano

Kumene, woyamba wa mabungwe onse malonda ndi zofunika ogwira ntchito mwa makampani. Mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe awa, kujowina iwo, wogwira ntchito amalandira ufulu:

• ubwino onse operekedwa kwa mwa pangano gulu;
• kulimbikitsa mgwirizano mu nkhani zokhudza maganizo malipiro, maholide, chitukuko akatswiri;
• kulandira ufulu chithandizo cha zamalamulo, ngati n'koyenera ku khothi;
• kulimbikitsa ogwira ncthito gulu chitukuko akatswiri;
• kutetezedwa mu milandu kuchotsedwa chilungamo, sanali malipiro kuchepetsa, chipukuta misozi cha mavuto onse pa ntchito;
• thandizo kupeza mavocha kwa pogwiritsa ndi zolemba zatsiku okha ndi achibale awo.

lamulo Russian imaletsa kusalana zochokera otsata malonda okhaokha. . Ndiko Kaya ogwira wantchito - mgwirizano membala kapena ayi, ufulu wake ndi ufulu chosakayikitsa Constituion, sayenera zochepa. Bwana alibe ufulu kulekeza iye chifukwa kujowina mgwirizano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe kuvomerezedwa umembala.

History ndi chitukuko cha mayanjano akatswiri Russia

Mu 1905-1907, pa zitasintha, malonda woyamba mgwirizano mu Russia. Dziwani kuti pa nthawi imeneyi anali kale kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo nthawi yomweyo bwinobwino opareshoni mu Europe ndi America.

Patsogolo ulimi mu Russia Komabe, panali makomiti amenye. Amene pang'onopang'ono adakula ndipo reorganized mu mgwirizano wa mabungwe.

Deti la maziko a mayanjano woyamba akatswiri ankaona kuti 30.04.1906 chaka. Pa tsiku ili, mwambo msonkhano woyamba wa Moscow antchito (ogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi zamagetsi). Ngakhale kale kale kuti tsiku (10.06.1905 g) choyamba Onse-Russian Conference zilumikizano za Trade chinapangidwa ndi Moscow amasinthira wa Bungweli (chapakati Bureau zilumikizano za Trade).

chilichonse pa zisinthe zinachitika mozemba, kuphatikizapo wachiwiri onse-Russian Conference Malonda okhaokha, umene unachitikira ku St. Petersburg pa mapeto a February 1906. Mpaka 1917, onse ogwirizana malonda akuponderezedwa, Thunder autocratic mphamvu. Koma pambuyo kupasula iwo anayamba latsopano yabwino nyengo. Pomwepo adadza woyamba dera komiti ya mabungwe malonda.

Chachitatu Onse-Russian Conference zilumikizano za Trade unachitikira mu June 1917. Iye anasankhidwa kuti onse-Russian chapakati Council zilumikizano za Trade. Kuti tsiku ndi anachuluka mayanjano mwafufuza.

Trade mabungwe a Russia pambuyo 1917 nayamba kunyamula angapo zatsopano, monga kusamalira kukula zokolola komanso kulera mlingo wa chuma. Iye akhapidziwa kuti maganizo izi kupanga makamaka kusamalira antchito okha. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ndi mabungwe malonda anayamba kuchita mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpikisano pakati ogwira ntchito, zokhudza iwo mu ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi kupanga mwambo chowathandiza.

Mu zaka 1918-1918 yoyamba ndi yachiwiri Onse-Russian Congress zilumikizano za Trade unachitikira zomwe njira ya chitukuko cha bungwe linasinthidwa ndi Bolsheviks motsogozedwa nationalization. Kuyambira pamenepo, mpaka 50-70-ntchentche zilumikizano za malonda Russian ankasiyana zikuchepa kuchokera kwa amene analipo mu West. Tsopano iwo alibe kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za antchito. Ngakhale kujowina mabungwe data-boma asiya kukhala zaufulu (mokakamizidwa atavala khalidwe).

Mosiyana ndi anzawo Western, kapangidwe gulu kwambiri moti amagwilizanitsa anthu onse ogwira ntchito wamba Ngopambana. Izi zinachititsa kuti anasiya kulimbana ndi masika.

M'zaka 1950-1970 zochita angapo mwalamulo lalandiridwa, amene amapereka mabungwe ufulu ndi udindo watsopano, kuwapatsa ufulu. Ndipo gulu m'ma 80 anali khola, dongosolo nthambi, umene wakhala organically alembedwa andale za dziko. Koma anali mkulu mlingo kwambiri bureaucracy. Ndipo chifukwa cha kutchuka kwambiri zilumikizano za malonda, ambiri mwa mavuto ake ali chete, zikhale zovuta kukhazikitsa ndi bwino bungwe.
Pakali pano, ntchito mfundo za nkhaniyi ndipo anadzetsa unyinji wa mfundo zawo ndi amphamvu kayendedwe ogwira ncthito.

Mu Soviet Union, gulu akatswiri chinkhoswe mu khalidwe Subbotniks, zitsanzo, kupikisana ndi ntchito yophunzitsa gulu. Amagawira mavocha, nyumba ndi ubwino zina anapatsidwa ndi boma, pakati pa antchito. mtundu ndi dipatimenti chikhalidwe-banja la kampaniyo.

Pambuyo kukonzanso mu 1990-1992, a mabungwe malonda ndi ufulu wodzilamulira gulu. Ndi 1995, iwo anali kale anaika mfundo yatsopano opaleshoni kuti asintha mkubwela kwa demokalase ndi chuma msika mu dziko.

Mabungwe mu Russia Contemporary

Pamwambapa otchulidwa mbiri ndi chitukuko cha mayanjano akatswiri Tingathe kuona kuti pambuyo Soviet Union linagwa, ndipo dziko kwapita ulamuliro demokalase anthu anayamba kuchoka paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi data-boma mabungwe. Iwo sanafune kukhala mu dongosolo malamulo, kuganizira mofatsa achabechabe zofuna zake zokha. Mphamvu ya mabungwe malonda yafika osaonekanso. Ambiri a iwo anali kwathunthu kusungunuka.

Koma kumapeto kwa 90 mabungwe malonda zinayambanso kupangidwa. Kale mtundu watsopano. Trade mabungwe a Russia lero - ndi bungwe popanda boma. Ndipo yesani kuchita ntchito powerenga pafupi Anzawo Western.

Komanso mu Russia pali mabungwe malonda, amene ali ofanana ntchito zawo chitsanzo Japanese, chimene mabungwe ndi kuthandiza kusintha mgwirizano pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi kasamalidwe, zilibe yekha kuteteza zofuna za antchito ndi kuyesa kupeza kukondera. Mgwirizano woterowo angatchedwe chikhalidwe.

Pankhaniyi, mitundu onse woyamba ndi wachiwiri kwa zilumikizano za malonda la Russia amalakwitsa kuti kulepheretsa chitukuko ndi kupotoza zotsatira zabwino za ntchito yawo. Awa:

• amphamvu ndyale;
• khalidwe ndi kudana ndi atasemphana;
• amorphousness wa bungwe lawo.

Modern ogwira ncthito - bungwe nthawi yayitali linaperekedwa kwa zochitika za ndale. Iwo amakonda kukhala chotsutsa boma panopa, kuiwala za mavuto tsiku la ogwira ntchito zing'onozing'ono. Nthawi zambiri atsogoleri wogwirizana kuti kwezani kukudalirani, makamaka bungwe kunyanyala ndi zitsanzo antchito, popanda chifukwa chirichonse. Zomwe mosakayikira izo zimanyezimiritsa kunyoza kupanga onse wonse, ndi ogwira ntchito makamaka. Ndipo potsiriza, bungwe mkati mwa kugwirizanitsa ano akatswiri ndi opanda ungwiro. Ambiri a iwo palibe mgwirizano, nthawi zambiri kusintha malangizo, atsogoleri, tcheyamani. Anapeza asamadye mgwirizano ndalama.

Mu mabungwe chikhalidwe, pali choonekera drawback: ilowa iwo basi mu kulemba ntchito. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti antchito amakampani safuna chilichonse, sadziwa komanso kuteteza ufulu wawo zinthu. Mabungwe okha mulibe mavuto, koma pali yokhala okha. M'mabungwe oterewa, atsogoleri awo ndi wapampando wa mgwirizano malonda osankhidwa, monga ulamuliro, utsogoleri kuti kumalepheretsa Kudziwa choyamba.

Pomaliza

Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi kusinthidwa kwa ogwira ncthito gulu latsopano la Russia, komanso ufulu, udindo ndi makhalidwe a mabungwe awa patali chotero, tinganene kuti mbali yofunika kwambiri mu umoyo ndale chitukuko cha anthu ndi boma wonse.

Ngakhale mavuto alipo mu uziyenda zilumikizano za malonda la Russia, deta kucheza, ndithudi, zofunika kwa dziko kufuna demokalase, ufulu ndi kuyanjana kwa nzika.