Mfundo batire dzuwa ndi chipangizo ake

Ndi posachedwapa, izo ankaona lingaliro wosangalatsa kupereka nyumba ndi magetsi paokha. Lero, ndi mfundo cholinga. Ku Ulaya, maselo dzuwa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa pafupifupi zopanda malire mphamvu wotchipa. Ife kupanga magetsi kwa zipangizo amenewa ayamba yekha kutchuka. Zimenezi sichichitika mofulumira kwambiri ndi zimenezi chifukwa - mtengo awo okwezeka.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito za selo dzuwa zochokera chakuti awiri yopyapyala pakachitsulo TACHIMATA ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (phosphorous ndi boron), pansi zochita za dzuwa, ndi magetsi. Mbale, zomwe TACHIMATA ndi phosphor, pali ufulu ma elekitironi. No particles anapanga mu mbale imene TACHIMATA ndi boron. The ma elekitironi anayamba kusunthira mchikakamizo cha dzuwa. Izi imapanga panopa magetsi ku maselo dzuwa. woonda chingwe cha mkuwa, zomwe TACHIMATA ndi aliyense batire, panopa atachotsedwa izo natuma kopita.

Ndi mbale imodzi imene mphamvu yaing'ono getsi. Poti momveka bwino. Kuti nyumba mapanelo dzuwa kupereka mphamvu zokwanira magetsi, m'pofunika kuti m'dera lawo linali lalikulu.

zimagwirira pakachitsulo

Choncho, dzuwa batire mfundo momveka bwino. Panopa kwaiye kukhudzana ndi kuwala ultraviolet kwa mbale wapadera. Ngati nkhaniyo ndi kulenga ngati pakachitsulo kokulumunya ntchito, mabatire amatchedwa pakachitsulo (kapena pakachitsulo hydride).

mbale izi amafuna machitidwe zovuta kupanga. Zimenezi, mwamphamvu umakhudza mtengo wa katundu.

Pakachitsulo maselo dzuwa ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

converters monocrystalline

Iwo kuimira gawo ndi ngodya chamfered. mtundu wawo nthawi zonse koyera wakuda.

Ngati ife kulankhula za transducers osakwatiwa-Krustalo, mfundo ya batire dzuwa akhoza mwachidule anafotokoza opindula mwapang'ono. maselo onse zinthu kuwala oona za mabatire ngati mbali imodzi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mphambu apamwamba pakati machitidwe ofanana. Mtundu wa dzuwa batire ukufika 25%.

The downside ndi mapanelo ayenera nthawi zonse ayang'anizana ndi dzuwa.

Ngati dzuwa kali kuseri mitambo, akutsika ku m'chizimezime, kapena analibe nthawi kuti abwere, batire adzakupatsani panopa mphamvu m'malo ofooka.

polycrystalline

Mbale wa asilikali awa ali nthawizonse lalikulu, mdima buluu. The zikuchokera kwa inhomogeneous pamwamba m'gulu timibulu pakachitsulo.

maselo Mwachangu polycrystalline si monga mkulu monga kuti zitsanzo osakwatiwa-krustalo. Chimakhudza 18%. Komabe, sangathe izi kuchepetsa ndi ubwino, tikambirana pansipa.

Mfundo ntchito mtundu wa khungu dzuwa zimathandiza kuti iwo okha koyera pakachitsulo, komanso m'nkhani zobwezerezedwanso. Ikufotokoza ena ziwonongeke zimene zimachitika mu zipangizo. The amadziwika chifukwa cha mtundu wa njira ndi kuti akhoza kupanga ndi magetsi bwino moti ngakhale mu nyengo mitambo. Chotero zothandiza khalidwe zimawachititsa singasiyanitsidwe m'madera anamwazikana dzuwa ndi wamba tsiku ndi tsiku zosayembekezereka.

The amorphous pakachitsulo gulu

Amorphous mapanelo mtengo kuposa ena, zophatikizidwamo mfundo ya batire dzuwa ndi chipangizo ake. Aliyense gulu tichipeza zigawo zingapo pakachitsulo thinnest. Izi amakonzedwa mwa kupopera particulate nkhani zingalowe zojambulazo, Galasi kapena mapulasitiki.

Mwachangu wa mapanelo ndi kwambiri zosakwana zitsanzo m'mbuyomu. Ndi 6%. zigawo pakachitsulo m'malo mofulumira zokha dzuwa. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ntchito mabatire amenewa ndi dzuwa madontho awo ndi 15%, ndipo nthawizina onse 20.

zaka ziwiri ntchito kwathunthu wotopa chuma cha yogwira zosakaniza, ndi gulu ayenera kusinthidwa.

Koma pali ubwino awiri, chifukwa cha zomwe mabatire awa ali kugula. Choyamba, iwo ntchito ngakhale mu nyengo mitambo. Kachiwiri, monga tanenera kale, sali mtengo monga asadziphe.

mtundu Photovoltaics hybrid

Amorphous pakachitsulo ndi maziko a malo microcrystals lapansi. Mfundo batire dzuwa kuvumbitsira ofanana ndi gulu polycrystalline. Mosiyana mabatire a mtundu uwu kuti angathe kupoletsa magetsi inawadutsa mphamvu kwambiri pa dzuwa akakufunsani Mwachitsanzo, pa tsiku mitambo kapena m'bandakucha.

Komanso, mabatire ntchito mchikakamizo cha dzuwa komanso mu sipekitiramu infuraredi.

Polymeric filimu converters dzuwa

Izi zina mapanelo pakachitsulo ali mwayi onse kuti kutenga udindo waukulu ku msika dzuwa. Iwo amatikumbutsa filimu wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo. Ena mwa iwo ndi mauna zotayidwa akuwauza, ndi polymeric wosanjikiza mankhwala yogwira gawo lapansi chuma organic ndi filimu zozitetezera.

Chotero maselo dzuwa pamodzi ndi mzake kupanga mtundu filimu mpukutu dzuwa batire. Izi mapanelo ndi opepuka ndi zambiri yaying'ono pakachitsulo. Mu kupanga awo ntchito mtengo pakachitsulo, ndi kupanga ndondomeko si monga mtengo. Izi zimapangitsa bala mpukutu mtengo kuposa ena onse.

Mfundo batire dzuwa zimapangitsa Mwachangu zawo si kwambiri.

Akafika 7%.

Kupanga ndondomeko ya mapanelo wa mtundu uwu yafupika filimu multilayer kusindikiza photocell lapansi. Yopanga unakhazikitsidwa Denmark.

Ubwino wina ndi luso kudula paketi mpukutu ndi ikonza kuti kukula kulikonse ndi mawonekedwe.

Opanda chimodzi chokha. Mabatire anayamba kubala, choncho ndi kovuta kuti iwo. Koma pali zifukwa zokwanira kukhulupirira kuti zinthu izi mwachangu mudzamvetsa choyenera mbiri yabwino pakati ogula, amene adzakupatsani opanga mwayi kukhazikitsa ulimi pamlingo wokulira.

Kutentha nyumba dzuwa mphamvu

Mfundo ntchito mapanelo dzuwa kwa Kutentha nyumba ukasintha chimasiyanitsa iwo ku zipangizo zonse tafotokozazi. Izi ndi chipangizo chosiyana. Kufotokozera motere.

Mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo Kutentha kuthamanga pa dzuwa mphamvu, ndi wokhometsa wolandira kuwala kwake ndi kusintha mu mphamvu kayendedwe. M'dera la mchitidwe uwu zingasiyane 30 70 mamita lalikulu.

Pakuti akhomere wokhometsa ntchito njira yapadera. Pakati mbale olumikizidwa kwa ojambula zitsulo.

The chigawo chotsatira cha dongosolo ndi kusunga muzitentha. Zimachitika kusintha kwa mphamvu kayendedwe mu kutentha. Iye ali nawo Kutentha madzi kusamutsidwa zimenezi mpaka malita 300. Nthawi zina kachitidwe imayendetsedwa ndi zina boilers youma mafuta.

Nazo dzuwa Kutentha dongosolo khoma ndipo pansi zinthu, ndipo malinga ndi mapaipi woonda mkuwa, anagawira m'deralo wawo wonse, kufalitsidwa magazi mkangano. Chifukwa otsika kutentha kuyamba-mmwamba mapanelo ndi kutengerapo kutentha pachilichonse, chipinda umafunda mwamsanga mokwanira.

Kodi ndi dzuwa Kutentha dongosolo?

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mfundo ntchito ya dzuwa kuwala ultraviolet.

Pakati wokhometsa kutentha ndi chinthu yosungirako zikuoneka kusiyana. Sing'anga kutentha, kuti zambiri ndi madzi, yemwe anawonjezera zoletsa kuwuma kwa zimafala za kachitidwe. Wachita ntchito madzimadzi uli chabe mphamvu kayendedwe.

Ndi ndime ya madzimadzi mwa dongosolo zigawo za mphamvu kayendedwe ndi n'kukhala kutentha, ponena kuti kutenthetsa kwanu. Zimenezi zipangitsa kufalitsa chipinda TV ndi chikondi ndi limakupatsani kupulumutsa izo nthawi iliyonse tsiku ndi chaka.

Kotero, ife tinapeza ntchito mfundo ya maselo dzuwa.