Zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse wa anthu

Kukangana nkhondo, magulu andale ndi azachuma m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko ndi zonse zikuchitika. Mwamsanga pamene mukubwera tizigona mu Chigawo cha Kumadzulo, pali zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse mu gawo lina lililonse la Dziko. Akatswiri, chuma, asayansi ndale ndi owayimilira zosiyanasiyana m'dera chikhalidwe ndi sayansi kupereka malongosoledwe a zinthuzo pa kaonedwe ka masomphenya ake, koma zovuta za anthu ndi mapulaneti lonse, kotero sikutheka kuchepetsa mavuto onse amene alipo mu dera lililonse limodzi ndi mfundo imodzi mu nthawi.

Lingaliro la vuto lonse

Pamene dziko linali lalikulu kwambiri kwa anthu, iwo alibe mipata yokwanira. Ndi mmene anthu a dziko lapansi, kuti coexistence mtendere wa anthu ameneŵa ngakhale m'madera ambiri akhoza kosatha. Pali nthawizonse amene kumtunda woyandikana ndi ubwino musataye zina. Translation wa French mawu phokoso lonse ngati "konsekonse", mwachitsanzo, limagwira ntchito kwa onse. Koma mavuto padziko lonse anauka pamaso pa Kubwera kwa chinenero osati komanso kulemba ambiri.

Ngati tikambirana mbiri ya mtundu wa anthu, ndi wa zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse ndi kudzikonda kwa aliyense. Ndi momwemo chinachitika m'dziko zakuthupi anthu onse ndikuganiza okha okha. Izi zimachitika ngakhale pamene anthu radeyut chimwemwe ndi umoyo wa ana awo ndi okondedwa. Nthawi zambiri kupulumuka zawo ndi kupeza chuma zachokera za kuwonongedwa kwa mnansi wake, ndi kuchotsa kwa chuma.

Kotero izo zinali pa nthawi ya Chisumeriya ufumu ndi Egypt, yemweyu ali wowona lero. Mu mbiri ya anthu tinali zonse nkhondo kapena kusintha. Kunabwera kuchokera zolinga zabwino kudzachotsa chuma moyo kuchokera wachuma ndipatsa osauka. Chifukwa cha ludzu golide, madera atsopano ndi mphamvu iliyonse lothandiza mbiri anatulukira zimayambitsa awo mavuto padziko lonse wa anthu. Nthawi zina amatsogolera zikamera wa maufumu kwambiri (Roman, Persian, British ndi ena), yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi kugonjetsa anthu ena. Nthawi zina - kuwonongedwa mitundu yonse, monga izo zinali ndi Ainka ndi Mayans.

Koma zimayambitsa konse kotero pachimake cha mavuto masiku ano sizikukhudzana ndi dziko lonse, monga izo ziriri lero. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuphatikiza tonse chuma m'mayiko osiyana ndi kudalira awo pa wina ndi mzake.

The zinthu zachilengedwe mu dziko

Zimayambitsa lonse mavuto a zachilengedwe poyamba ayi mu chitukuko cha mafakitale, limene linayamba m'zaka 17-18. Iwo anayamba kale kwambiri. Ngati Tikayerekeza ubwenzi ndi munthu ndi chilengedwe pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko, zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo 3:

• Nature kulambira ndi asilikali ake amphamvu. The wosazindikira-limodzi ndi ngakhale mu dongosolo kapolo panali ubale wolimba kwambiri pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi munthu. Anthu ankalambira chikhalidwe, anabweretsa mphatso, choncho iye chifundo ndipo anapereka mkulu zokolola, popeza mwachindunji amadalira ake "zokhumba".
• Mu Middle Ages, chiphunzitso cha chipembedzo kuti munthu ali wochimwa ndipo ngakhale cholengedwa, koma - korona wa chilengedwe, anthu ndatambasula pa dziko loyandikira. Kale mu nthawi ino akuyamba subordination mwapang'onopang'ono zoteteza chilengedwe kuti athandize anthu.
• Kukula ubale capitalist anatsogolera chakuti chikhalidwe cha chitsulo ntchito ngati chuma wothandiza, amene "ntchito" pa anthu. Chachikulu kudula mitengo, kuipa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, mitsinje ndi nyanja, chiwonongeko cha nyama - zonse izi zachititsa chitukuko cha munthu m'ma 20 mpaka zizindikiro woyamba wa salimbikitsa.

Aliyense lothandiza mbiri ya chitukuko cha anthu anakhala gawo latsopano kwa chiwonongeko anamuzungulira. Tsatirani zimene zimayambitsa mavuto a zachilengedwe padziko lonse - ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala, makina zomanga, ndege ndi mafakitale zida zomanga, migodi yaikulu electrification.

The movutika kwambiri kwa zachilengedwe a dzikoli inayamba mu 1990, pamene mlengalenga anaponyedwa matani oposa biliyoni 6 mpweya woipa opangidwa ndi makampani onse pamodzi mayiko olemera. Ngakhale izi zitachitika, asayansi ndi zachilengedwe ochititsa Alamu, ndipo pomwepo zotani kuti athetse zotsatira za kuwonongedwa kwa miyeso ozoni, zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse wa anthu kokha anayamba moona kutuluka. Mwa iwo, mmodzi wa chachikulu ndi kutukula m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

mavuto a zachuma

Choncho mbiri kusanduka kuti panali chitukuko imene inabuka omangidwa mu madera osiyana a Dziko Lapansi. Ngati mogwirizana wosazindikira dongosolo limodzi kwambiri kapena zochepa monga: kusonkhana nyama, zipangizo oyamba waukali ndiponso kusintha kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana zambiri pomwe nthawi Chalcolithic, mlingo wa mafuko amangokhala zimasiyanasiyana.

Maonekedwe a zitsulo ntchito ndi kusaka mfuti akubweretsa dziko limene iwo amapangidwa, mu malo oyamba. Mu nkhani zakale - izi ndi Europe. Chikutanthauza kanthu zasintha koma mu 21 m'ma patsogolo zina si mkuwa lupanga kapena musket, dziko limene pali zida za nyukiliya kapena zipangizo zatsopano zosiyanasiyana za sayansi ndi zomangamanga (chuma patsogolo mitundu). Choncho, ngakhale masiku ano, pamene asayansi anafunsa kuti: "Kodi zimayambitsa awiri mavuto padziko lonse lero Kodi", iwo akusonyeza malo osauka ndipo ambiri m'mayiko chuma underdeveloped.

Makamaka chidani cha mayiko World Chachitatu ndi limati kwambiri kutukuka ngati zizindikiro:

m'mayiko underdeveloped	M'mayiko kwambiri otukuka
Mlingo mkulu imfa, makamaka ana.	Avereji ya moyo amayembekezeka ndi zaka 78-86.
Kusowa chitetezo chokwanira chikhalidwe mfulu osauka.	ulova phindu kuwathandiza chithandizo.
Ofooka mankhwala, kusowa kwa mankhwala ndi njira zodzitetezera.	A mankhwala mkulu mlingo, oyamba mu chikumbumtima nzika za kufunika kupewa matenda, mankhwala inshuwalansi moyo.
Kupanda mapulogalamu maphunziro ana ndi achinyamata ndi kupereka achinyamata ogwira ntchito.	Great kusankha mabungwe sukulu ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndi makonzedwe a maphunziro aulere, amapereka wapadera ndi maphunziro

Pakali pano, mayiko ambiri ali chuma amadalira mzake. Ngati ngakhale 200-300 zapitazo, tiyi chakula India ndi Ceylon, panali kukonzedwa, mmatumba ndi kuwapititsa ku mayiko ena mwa nyanja, ndipo pochita akanatha nawo makampani chimodzi kapena zingapo, lero zopangira wakula dziko lina, kukonzedwa m'njira ina, nanyamula wachitatu. Ndipo inakwaniritsidwa mafakitale onse - kuchokera kupanga chokoleti kukhazikitsa maroketi danga. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse pa choona kuti ngati dziko lina mavuto azachuma, izo basi likukhudza m'maboma onse okondedwa, ndipo zotsatira zake kufika pamlingo m'mapulaneti.

A chizindikiro chabwino kwa cigawo chuma m'mayiko osiyana ndi kuti ali pamodzi osati mu nthawi ya chitukuko, komanso munthawi yamavuto. Iwo alibe kuthana ndi mavuto okha, monga m'mayiko olemera kuthandiza chuma cha abwenzi zochepa otukuka.

kuchuluka kwa anthu

Chinthu china mavuto padziko lonse asayansi zamakono zomwe amakhulupirira kwafalikira ya anthu pa dziko. Pankhani imeneyi, mwina kudziŵika mumaganiza awiri:

• Mu kwambiri kuyambira mayiko Western European mlingo kubadwa ndi otsika. Pali mabanja osowa omwe oposa 2 ana. Izi pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti anthu zakwawoko la Europe ndi ukalamba, ndipo linasintha anthu obwera akubwera kuchokera Africa ndi Asia, mabanja amene adadzifula ana ambiri.
• Pa dzanja, m'mayiko underdeveloped, monga India, South ndi ku Central America, Africa ndi Asia, otsika kwambiri kakhalidwe ka moyo, koma mlingo mkulu kubadwa. Chosowa kuisamalira zachipatala, kusowa kwa chakudya ndi madzi oyera - zonse izi zimabweretsa mtengo mkulu imfa, choncho pali ana ambiri akhala kagawo kakang'ono ka iwo anathandiza.

Ngati ife tifufuza kukula kwa chiwerengero cha dziko, cha m'ma 20, mukhoza kuona mmene wakhala amphamvu zaziwerengero "kuphulika" mu zaka zina.

Mu 1951, anthu anali anthu oposa biliyoni 2.5. Mu zaka 10 chabe, dziko wakhala kuposa 3 bln., Ndipo apitirira $ 5 biliyoni ndi 1988, chiwerengero cha anthu. Mu 1999, chithunzi ichi chinakwana mabiliyoni 6, ndipo mu 2012 anthu dziko la anthu oposa biliyoni 7.

Asayansi akukhulupirira zimayambitsa chachikulu cha mavuto padziko lonse kuti chuma cha Dziko Lapansili, pa masuku pamutu osaphunzira za zinthu zake mchere, monga izo ziriri lero, sizingawakwanire anthu kukula. Masiku ano chaka chilichonse amafa ndi njala anthu 40 miliyoni, omwe sakhala kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu kuyambira pakati pa mlingo wake 2016 kukula oposa 200 000 kubereka moyo patsiku.

Choncho, akamanena za mavuto padziko lonse ndiponso zinthu zawo mu kukula nthawi zonse anthu, ndipo malinga ndi asayansi 2100 adzakhala upambana biliyoni 10. anthu onsewa kudya, kupuma kukhala ndi madalitso a chitukuko, mumayendetsa magalimoto, kuwuluka ndege ndi kuononga chikhalidwe cha ntchito zake moyo. Ngati iwo alibe maganizo awo chilengedwe ndi anzawo, koma m'tsogolo dziko kuyembekezera lonse zachilengedwe tsokalo, ndi mliri waukulu komanso nkhondo.

Mavuto ndi chakudya

Ngati mayiko kwambiri kuyambira amakonda kuchuluka kwa katundu, ambiri mwa kuyambitsa mavuto thanzi monga khansa, matenda a mtima, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a shuga, ndi ena ambiri, kuti mayiko lachitatu dziko mu mlingo wa kutupikana kulimbikira ndi njala pakati anthu.

Ambiri, mayiko onse akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu 3:

• Kumene kuchepa zonse chakudya ndi madzi. Ichi ndi 1/5 ya anthu onse padziko lapansi.
• M'mayiko amapangidwa ndi wamkulu chakudya chokwanira, ndipo pali chikhalidwe chakudya.
• State, kumene kuli mapulogalamu kulimbana mowa kwambiri katundu kuti kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu akuvutika zotsatira za chakudya zolakwika kapena zambiri.

Koma zachitika mbiri ndi chuma, kuti m'mayiko anthu makamaka aakulu njala ndi madzi oyera, kapena adzasowa chakudya ndi bwino kwambiri, kapena kwina yabwino zachilengedwe ndi nyengo mikhalidwe ulimi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko chuma kuonetsetsa kuti palibe njala. States - atsogoleri akhoza kudyetsa anthu biliyoni 8 kupanga zakudya zambiri kuposa moyo padziko lonse, koma lero anthu biliyoni moyo mu mkhalidwe umphawi mtheradi, ndi ana miliyoni 260 pachaka njala. Pamene dziko akuvutika ndi njala 1/5 la anthu ake, ndiye vuto la padziko lonse, ndi kulikonza ilo chonse cha anthu pamodzi.

lochitira chikhalidwe

Zimayambitsa chachikulu cha mavuto padziko lonse - zotsutsana pakati pa magulu a anthu, amene kumaonekera mu muyezo monga:

• Chuma, pamene onse kapena pafupifupi onse a zachilengedwe ndi zachuma m'manja mwa yaing'ono gulu lina la anthu, makampani kapena wankhanza.
• Mphamvu mwina a munthu - mutu wa boma kapena kagulu ka anthu.

Ambiri mwa mayiko lachitatu dziko ali mu kufalitsa dongosolo kampani ya piramidi, pamwamba muli ochepa olemera ndi ili pansipa osauka. Ndi kugawa ndi mphamvu ndi ndalama m'dziko anthu anawagawa olemera ndi osauka, popanda kalasi pakati.

Ngati kapangidwe ka boma ndi rhombus, pamwamba pa amenenso mphamvu pansi osauka, koma wosanjikiza lalikulu la anthu wamba pakati ndi pakati pawo, palibe zolaula chikhalidwe ndi kalasi zotsutsana. Kapangidwe ndale ndi wolimba kwambiri ngati dziko, wotukuka kwambiri chuma ndi kuteteza moyo wa anthu osauka ikuchitika ndi mabungwe a boma ndi zachifundo.

Masiku ano, m'mayiko ambiri a ku South America ndi Central, Africa ndi Asia ndi dongosolo pyramidal zimene 80-90% ya anthu kukhala osauka. Ali ndi vuto wosakhazikika ndale, nthawi zambiri zikuchitika asilikali coups kusintha, amene anayambitsanso ndi vutoli mu mabungwe, monga mayiko ena angathe kukhala pa nkhondo zawo.

atasemphana andale

Zimayambitsa chachikulu cha mavuto padziko lonse wa nzeru (sayansi) lofotokoza kulekana pakati pa mwamuna ndi chikhalidwe. Anzeruwo amakhulupilira kuti ndi kokwanira kuti anthu akugwirizana dziko wamumtima ndi chilengedwe kunja, monga mavuto idzapita. Ndipotu, zonse ndi zovuta.

M'dziko lililonse pali magulu ndale ulamuliro imalongosola osati mlingo ndi khalidwe la moyo wa anthu ake, komanso lonse mfundo yachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, lero pali mayiko akagwiriridwa, amene analenga nkhondo pa madera a limati zina. kachitidwe kawo ndale amachitikira anthu padziko lonse, kuteteza ufulu wa anthu omwe awapha.

Popeza masiku ano pafupifupi maiko onse chuma zogwirizana ndi mzake, ndiye ukwati wawo ndi boma, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za chiwawa, monga mwachibadwa. Ngati zaka 100 zapitazo yankho ku mokwiya asilikali anali nkhondo panopa ntchito ziletso pa za chuma ndi ndale, amene samatenga moyo, koma kwathunthu kuononga chuma cha dziko wankhanza.

nkhondo

Zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo yaing'ono. Mwatsoka, ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 21, ndi umisiri zake zonse ndi kukhala ndi moyo mwa masayansi, maganizo a anthu ndi pa mlingo wa kaganizidwe ka oimira Ages Middle.

Ngakhale masiku ano kuwotcha mfiti pamtengo, nkhondo zachipembedzo ndi uchigawenga sizikuwoneka zochepa zakutchire kusiyana ndi nthawi ya kusaka. Yekha muyeso ogwira zithetsedwe nkhondo mu dziko ayenera kukhala mgwirizano wa maiko onse ndi wankhanza lapansi. Kuopa kukhala mu zachuma, zandale ndi chikhalidwe kudzipatula ayenera kukhala wamphamvu kuposa wofuna kuukira malire a boma loyandikana.

Global chitukuko anthu

Nthawi zina zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse lapansi zimachitika pa maziko a umbuli ndipo backwardness chikhalidwe cha anthu ena. Today ife tingathe kuona osiyanitsa amenewa, kumene mu dziko lina anthu adzapatsa kulenga ndi moyo zabwino za boma ndi mzake, ndi zina - kufuna kupeza chitukuko nyukiliya. Chitsanzo adzakhala nkhondo pakati pa North Korea ndi South. Mwamwayi, chiwerengero cha mayiko kumene anthu safuna kuvomereza patsogolo kwa sayansi, mankhwala, zipangizo zamakono, chikhalidwe ndi luso, zambiri.

Mungathe kuona kusintha kuzunza anthu, kukhala wosakwatiwa chamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyana ntchitoyi chimodzimodzi kaphatikizidwe khama la maganizo abwino, mwamsanga kukhazikitsa izo.

Zothetsera mavuto

Ngati tikungotchula zimayambitsa mavuto padziko lonse mwachidule, iwo:

• chilengedwe osauka;
• kupezeka kwa mayiko pazachuma zochepa olemera;
• nkhondo;
• andale ndi achipembedzo atasemphana;
• kuchulukana.

Kuthetsa mavuto amenewa, dziko ayenera kukhala kwambiri zapiringizana ndi mzake, kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zawo kuthetsa mavuto omwe angabuke pa dziko.