Meridian Zero: izo ziri. Kodi ziro meridian mipita?

Malo ndi malo chinthu chilichonse pa Dziko Lapansi zingadziŵike kudziwa magawo a kumpoto ndi longitude mfundo. Tiyeni tione zimene ovuta mtengo wa aliyense wa iwo.

Kodi kudziwa ndondomeko

Aliyense ano mapu Hrs limachititsa kupeza ndondomeko ya mzinda uliwonse, phiri kapena nyanja. Tiyenera kudziwa kumpoto ndi longitude kanjedza.

Ndi woyamba zonse zili bwino: izo limanenedwa ndi kulemekeza equator - mzera omwe amayendetsa malo olamulira dziko lapansi perpendicular kwa ndege intersects likulu la dziko lathuli. Ndi chimango kuyamba, mtundu wa "ziro" Chifukwa chopeza kumpoto kufanana dongosolo. The equator umadutsa m'mayiko angapo - Congo, Kenya, Uganda ndi Somalia mu Africa, Indonesia, yomwe ili pa Sunda Islands, Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia ku America South. Equator amapereka lingaliro bwino kutambalala.

Chinthu china - kutalika. Kwa nthawi yaitali panalibe kugwirizana chimene kutenga monga maziko Buku la ndondomeko ya. Longitude - tanthauzo la malo pa mfundo dziko lapansili wachibale mpaka ziro, amene achoka ku meridians lapansi. Ndi kungoganiza mizere wosalira ntchito mapu. Mbali pa aliyense wa iwo ndi mfundo kutchulidwa ndi longitude. Meridian Zero - maziko a ndondomeko kutchulidwa.

Vuto tanthauzo longitude

Ngati equator zonse bwino zimenezi "ziro meridian" sanali litakhala. Kwa zaka zambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ntchito zawo "ziro". Ndithudi, izi analenga chisokonezo.

Lililonse kudziletsa kulemekeza sayansi dziko mu XIX atumwi, amamuonera ndi Observatory kusunga zakuthambo. Zinali mfundo Buku longitude. Mu Russia, ndi US, Britain ndi France anali koyamba malo awo meridians.

Longitude n'kofunika kwambiri navigation m'madzi. Ndipo kale mapangidwe machitidwe bwino sayansi limanena, pali njira zina zimene zinandilola kuti kusochera m'nyanja. Njira yoyamba yoperekedwa Iogann Verner. Mfundo yaikulu - zimene ananena pa Moon. Njira ina ndi yochokera kwa namatetule wa Galileo Galilei. Mothandizidwa ndi zakutali ndi kuona udindo wa miyezi Jupiter a. The sangathe njira - kufunika zipangizo kobvuta.

Njira yosavuta - tanthauzo mwa kusiyana m'dera ndi yeniyeni nthawi Buku mfundo - Mlembi Friziusa Gema. Koma ngati mawotchi zolondola, nayenso, anali konse.

Meridian Zero wakhala ngati Woyera Grail - chifukwa chofunitsitsa yeniyeni longitude ku Britain anapereka umafunika yaikulu. Ndiye vuto anali atayamba wotchi zolondola. Kodi meridian yaikulu, ndiye sindikudziwa basi.

wotchi zinali anatulukira. Linapereka kwa iwo linali Dzhon asilikali. Koma navigation anapitiriza ntchito njira yakale. Zinthu zinasintha Kutulukira wailesi. amalinyero Modern ntchito deta Kanema kudziwa longitude.

mfundo Buku

Monga tanenera, aliyense dziko, amene adali ndi Observatory, anapanga longitude kuyambira pamene pakuyenerera. Kudzera Paris Observatory akuthamanga ndi meridian eponymous. Iwo anali wotchuka m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

Mu Russia, ziro meridian ankavala dzina Pulkovo. dzina lomwe analandira kwa Observatory ndi, wapafupi St. Petersburg. Ndi ntchito makamaka mu Russia. Izi "ziro" meridian umadutsa Mogilev, Kiev dera, Nyanja Tanganyika Africa, mapiramidi la Iguputo. Pa gawo lino si ntchito.

Popular Ferro meridian anadutsa chilumba Canarian a dzina lomweli. Poyamba ntchito ndi Ptolemy.

Popeza XIX atumwi ku England ali Greenwich meridian. Iye molimba monga "ziro" kwa longitude Buku lonse lapansi masiku ano.

Greenwich ziro meridian - ndi kungoganiza mzere kudutsa London. Kuyambira Pulkovo anasemphana madigiri 30, ndi Paris - 2.

meridian msonkhano

Mu 1884, pa kuthetsa wa ntchito dongosolo Buku mu Washington anasonkhana geographers lopambana ndi andale. Mayiko msonkhano meridian asonkhane oimira Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, France, Denmark, Chile, Venezuela, Japan, Switzerland, Ottoman Ufumu ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri. Total anapezeka 41 oimira.

Kuwonjezera kudziŵa longitude, ophunzira anali ndi chidwi kukula kwa nthawi mawerengedwe kachitidwe. Kodi vuto? Ndipo mpaka m'ma XIX, limodzi, nthawi ogwirizana kulibe. Onse anasangalala mayunitsi m'deralo. Unachititsa chisokonezo. Chosowa mfundo zimenezi zimachepetsa malonda pakati pa maiko ndi magulu a chitukuko cha sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. Panali mavuto ndi zoyendera.

Kodi ayenera kuyamba kuwerengetsa longitude

Onse mfundo alipo poyambira ndi kusankha. Zochita zimapangidwa ndi kukavota lotseguka, amene panafika nthumwi zonse pano.

Pa msonkhano kusankha chinthu ayenera kukhala chiyambi cha Buku longitude. Meridian Zero, mogwirizana ndi maganizo a nthumwi, mukhoza kudutsa Paris, ndi Azores ndi Canary Islands Bering Strait, Greenwich. zilumba yomweyo anataya mawu awo - panalibe mlingo woyenera thandizo sayansi. Paris, nayenso, sanapeze mavoti. Ferro, ngakhale wotchuka, anali nayenso anakana. London anapambana meridian yaikulu, anatsutsa okha France.

A pang'ono nthawi

Woyamba kulankhula za kufunika kugwirizanitsa mfundo za nthawi, anali Bambo Sandford Fleming, ndi Canada injiniya yosavuta. Kamodzi mwa chisokonezo mu nthawi anali mochedwa sitima anaphonya msonkhano wofunika kwambiri. Motero, popeza 1876, Fleming adafunafuna kusintha.

nkhani anaganiza pa Conference mu Washington. dongosolo nthawi zone wakhala anapanga, amene ntchito mpaka pano. Zaluso talandira, osati onse. Mwachitsanzo, Russia adachimanga muyezo yekha mu 1919. Germany, France ndi Austria-Hungary nawonso anayamba ina.

mfundo kutchulidwa ndi ziro meridian. Nyanja, nyanja, m'dziko akudutsa mzere uwu kungoganiza. Malire a mabacteria ndi 24 meridians. Komabe aliyense motere mugawo ili. The zifukwa - kukula kwa mayiko. The mawotchi molondola kwambiri mu dziko alinso Greenwich. Mwa njira, GPS dongosolo limasonyeza chiyambi cha longitude si mu Observatory, ndi mamita 100 kwa izo.

Greenwich Observatory

Center kwa zakuthambo Research ku UK ndi chiyambi longitude - Observatory mu Greenwich. Malowa ali ndi mbiri wolemera. Bukuli lili mu XVII m'ma kudzera mwa Mfumu Charles II. Asanabwere zake, Observatory zinasintha malo ake. Lingaliro la kulenga bungwe ngati sikuli kwa mfumu ndi States Jonas Moore. Anakopa mfumu kufunika kwa Observatory, ndi zakuthambo mkulu Dzhona Flemstida adafotokoza kupanga. Posachedwa nyumbayo kulinganizidwa ndi kumangidwa, gawo la mikango ka ndalama anali mapewa Moore a.

Pali anakhazikitsa molondola wotchi ndi nthawi pakuyenerera. Monga amadziwika, umadutsa ndi Observatory kuyambira Buku longitude. Mderalo, ndi Greenwich Meridian anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kumbuyo mu 1851, ndipo movomerezeka wotchuka msonkhano wa 1884.

Observatory kamodzi anayesa kuti aphulitsa! Pa nthawi mu 1894, linali lapadera, yoyamba mu mbiri ya Britain.

Pa pano siteji Observatory akupitiriza kugwira ncthito. Pali zida zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku zakuthambo. Ndipotu, ndi zakale, zomwe m'nyumba zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho chambiri. Amaonetsa mbiri ya sayansi, makamaka m'munda wa muyeso wa nthawi. kukhazikitsanso zinachitikadi posachedwapa analenga planetarium, tambirimbiri.

Pomaliza

Yaikulu meridian - longitude Buku mfundo ndi nthawi. Koma akuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera ena. Choncho, mu 2006 Russia anakhala wotchuka gulu "Yaikulu Meridian". "Kodi mawu anga" - wotchuka nyimbo ya gulu limeneli.

Countdown longitude kwa zaka zambiri kunachitidwa ndi Greenwich. Kuchoka mzere ziro meridian, omwe amasonyeza ndondomeko m'madera onse a dziko. Iwo amang'amba lonse pa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo Chigawo. Zero meridian umadutsa Algeria, Ghana, Mali, Spain, Great Britain, France. Motero, mayiko zili hemispheres onse nthawi yomweyo.