Matumbo ndi owonda, mawonekedwe, matenda

Utumbo wawung'ono ndi umodzi wa matumbo aang'ono, omwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mamita 4-5. Utumbo wawung'ono umaphatikizapo duodenum, wotsatiridwa ndi matumbo oonda , otsatiridwa ndi leamu. Mphuno kumbali zonse ili ndi chipolopolo, chomwe chimatchedwa peritoneum ndipo chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi khoma lakumbuyo kwa mimba mothandizidwa ndi mchere. Jijunamu ya munthu mu theka lamanzere la mimba ya m'mimba ilipo. Pa khoma lamkati la m'mimba, limawonekera mu umbilical chigawo, pambali pamimba, komanso kumanzere koal fossa. Mitsempha ya matumbo ili mu njira yopingasa ndi oblique. Kutalika kwa jejunamu ndi 2/5 ya kutalika kwa matumbo aang'ono. Poyerekeza ndi leamu, yowongoka imakhala ndi makoma akuluakulu komanso yaikulu ya mkati mwa lumen. Zimasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha villi ndi mapepala omwe ali mu lumen, chiwerengero cha zombo zomwe ziri zazikulu, koma ziwalo za lymphoid, mosiyana, ndizochepa. Palibe malire omveka a kusintha kwa gawo limodzi la matumbo kwa wina.

Kapangidwe ka khoma

Kunja, matumbo amakhala ndi memphane yapadera ponseponse. Ndi peritoneum yomwe imatetezera iyo ndipo imawongolera kukangana kwa matumbo m'mimba wina ndi mnzake. Peritoneum imasunthira kumbuyo kwa matumbo, ndipo motero maluwa a jejunamu amapangidwa. Ndi pamene ziwiya ndi mitsempha zikudutsa, komanso ma capillaries omwe amadyetsa m'matumbo ndikunyamula zakudya zomwe thupi limasowa, komanso mankhwala owonongeka, omwe amachititsa kuti chiwindi chisasokoneze.

Mzere wachiwiri ndi minofu yosalala, imene imapanga zigawo ziwiri za utsi. Kunja, pali ulusi wautali, ndipo mkati mwake muli zozungulira. Chifukwa cha kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa, chyme (chakudya chimene chapezeka ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito m'magazi apitawo) chimadutsa mu lumen ya m'mimba ndipo chimapatsa thupi zinthu zonse zothandiza. Mchitidwe wotsutsana motsatizana ndi kumasuka kwa utsi umatchedwa peristalsis.

Zolemba zofunika zofunika

Zigawo ziwiri zam'mbuyomu zimapereka ntchito ndi chitetezo chodziwika bwino, koma njira yonse yopezera chakudya imapezeka m'zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Pansi pa mitsempha yambiriyi ndi chigawo cha submucosal, chomwe chiri mkati mwake kuti matumbowa ndi okhudzana ndi magazi a mitsempha ya m'magazi, minofu yambiri yamagulu. Mphuno yamkatiyi imalowa mu lumen ngati mawonekedwe, chifukwa chomwe chimbudzi chimakula. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pamwamba pa mucosa kumawonjezera villi, amatha kuwona kokha pa microscope, koma udindo wawo ndi wofunika kwambiri. Amathandizanso kuti thupi lizilowera nthawi zonse.

Nkhono

Vorsins ali mucosal njira, ndi m'mimba mwake ndi imodzi millimeter. Amaphimba epithelium yawo, ndipo mkati mwawo muli maselo a mitsempha ndi magazi. Komanso, mafinya omwe ali mu mucosa, amamasulidwa zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito, ntchentche, mahomoni, mavitamini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale chodya. Maselo a capillary amangowonjezera mu nembanemba ndipo amapita m'magazi, kuphatikiza, pamodzi ndi ziwiya zina zimapanga mitsempha yotengera magazi ku chiwindi.

Ntchito yomwe matumbowa amapanga ndi yopepuka

Ntchito yaikulu ya m'matumbo ndiyo chakudya ndi kukonza chakudya, chomwe poyamba chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawo zapitazo zamagetsi. Chakudya apa chiri ndi amino acid omwe ankakhala mapuloteni, monosaccharide kale chakudya, komanso mafuta acids ndi glycerin (zomwe lipids zinasandulika). Mapangidwe a jejunamu amapereka kupezeka kwa villi, ndizowongolera kuti zonsezi zimalowa m'thupi ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga zakudya zakuthupi. Matenda a amino ndi monosugars amalowa m'chiwindi, komwe amasintha kwambiri ndikuyamba kulowa m'magazi akuluakulu, mafuta amawombedwa ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha ya mitsempha, ndipo amalowa m'zombo zam'mimba, ndipo amachokera kumeneko ndi mliri wamkati mwa thupi lonse. Chinthu chilichonse chomwe sichiyesedwa kuti chikhale chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu junium, chimagwera m'magawo ena a matumbo, momwe zimbudzi zimapangidwira.

Kuyambira kudwala mpaka kudwala - sitepe imodzi

Katemera waung'ono amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri ndipo, popanda kutaya matenda kapena matenda, amagwira bwino ntchito, popanda kuchititsa mavuto enaake. Koma ngati pali kulephera, ndiye nthawi yoti mupite kwa katswiri. Ndi kovuta kufufuza jejunamu, monga chiwalo chonse chaching'ono, ndi kufufuza ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pofufuza, choyamba, pali zinyenyeswazi zomwe zingathe kudziwa, zomwe kwenikweni zakhala zikuchitika mu ntchito ya matumbo. Komanso sizomwe zimapangidwanso kuti zidzakhalanso zolemba za banal ndi palpation.

Pakhoza kukhala mavuto ochuluka mu jejunum, koma matenda okhudza opaleshoni, opaleshoni ndi opatsirana amagwira ntchito yaikulu. Izi zimadalira chithandizo, komanso kusankha katswiri yemwe angathandize kuthetsa matendawa.

Ndi chiyani choti mupite kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni?

Kulimbana ndi ndalama zomwe akatswiri amapatsidwa ndi matenda kapena matenda omwe amafunika kuchiza odwala. Chofunika kwambiri pano ndi njira zamaganizo, zovulaza ndi zosautsa zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo mayina awo amadalira zomwe maselo omwe amachititsa kuti apeze. Kukula kwa mimba kungakhale mu lumen ya khoma kapena kunja. Pamene kukula kumalowa mu lumen, kutuluka mwazi kapena kukhumudwa kumachitika, zomwe zimafuna kuthandizira mwamsanga.

Pangakhalenso kutsekula kwa m'mimba, komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi mpweya, kutsekedwa kwa lumen m'matumbo, kapena kutengeka (pamene mbali imodzi ya matumbo imalowa mkati). Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito matendawa a jejunum amafunikanso kulowera mwamsanga. Kuwonongedwa kungakhale kumbali zina za m'mimba, ndiye kuti maimidwe a maimira a mimba amatha kukhala ofunika kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize kuti matendawa athandizidwe bwino.

Kawirikawiri pali matenda ngati diverticulitis. Ndi kutukusira kwa ntchito ya jejunamu, yomwe imatchedwa diverticulum. Mwachizoloŵezi sichoncho, ndipo kupezeka kwake ndi matenda achibadwa. Ndi kutupa kwake, kufunika koyenera kupeza matenda, komwe kumaphatikizapo zodandaula za ululu, malungo, kupweteka kwa mimba m'mimba. Chotsatira chotsiriza chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa tebulo logwiritsira ntchito, ndiyeno kutsimikiziridwa ndi wodwalayo.

Matenda ena

Jejunamu ikhoza kubweretsa mavuto ambiri omwe dokotalayo adzayenera kuthana nawo. Nthawi zina amachedwetsa kuika mankhwala oyenera kuti athe kufa. Kodi matenda a Crohn ndi otani, omwe angabweretse magazi, ziphuphu ndi mavuto ena. Matenda ena amachititsa kuti jejunum iwonongeke, ndipo pofuna kubwezeretsanso, opaleshoni yowonjezera imafunikanso. Mwachitsanzo, njira yothandizira ya m'mimba, makamaka m'malo omwe chigawo ichi cha m'mimba mwachinyamatayo chilipo, angafunike kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera. Njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nkhondo ya helminthic, pamene lumen ili ndi mpira wa helminths.

Ndipo ndi chiyani choti mupite kwa wodwalayo?

Wothandizanso ali ndi chinachake choti agwire ntchito. Inde, ali ndi ntchito zochepa kuposa dokotala wa opaleshoni, koma iye ali ndi udindo wochepa. Pa mapewa a katswiri uyu amapezeka matenda onse ndi kusintha kwa kutukusira kumene kumachitika mu junium. Izi ndi colitis, yomwe ingakhale yapamwamba komanso yosasinthasintha, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a m'mimba ndi zina zotupa. Kugwiritsa ntchito scalpel kwa matendawa sikufunika, koma chithandizo chabwino ndi choyenera chithandizo chingathandize kuthetsa matendawa ndi kubwezeretsanso chimwemwe cha moyo.

Matendawa sagona

Sizinsinsi kuti matumbowa ndi owonda ndipo amakhala ndi tizilombo tochepa mu lumen yake. Pali pakati pawo zabwino ndi zothandiza kwa thupi, ndipo palinso zoipa zomwe zikuyesera kuvulaza. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma nthawi zina sichikulimbana ndi ntchito yake yaikulu, ndipo matenda opatsirana amayamba. Kawirikawiri, thupi likhoza kukhala oyandikana nawo pafupi, helminths ndikuyesetsa kuti alowe m'malo abwino kwambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lawo likhale lofewa.

Kuwala kwa m'mimba, matenda ambiri amatha kukhala ngati kamwazi, kolera, typhoid fever, salmonellosis ndi ena ambiri. Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa, zimasiyana, koma zimakhala zofanana - izi ndikutsegula m'mimba. Ikhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi kununkhiza, kukhala nawo kapena opanda zopanda pake, komanso ndi magazi kapena madzi. Chomaliza pa funso loti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndiye, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timayenera kulandira chithandizo choyenera. N'zotheka kudziwa helminths, chifukwa izi ndizofunika kudutsa zinyamule zowonongeka, ndipo odwala matenda okhawo amathandiza kuwathetsa.