Masewerera a Nordic mpikisano

Iwo ayenera yomweyo kudziŵika kuti chiphunzitso cha kugawikana kwa anthu mu mafuko anali atchukitsa ndi Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Zokambirana pa phunziro ili lero makamaka sankaoneka ngati osati sayansi, koma maganizo Choncho, mulibe zofunikira sayansi.

Polimbikitsa amanena kuti chapamwamba a mtundu makamaka, otchedwa "Masewerera a Nordic" amafunika ziyenera zoyenera ndi anthu a mitundu ina. Mfundo wotchedwa "Kumpoto chiphunzitso" kapena "nordism" (norditsizm) ankakonda mu 1800s mochedwa ndipo 1900s kumayambiriro kwa Ulaya ndi North America, ndipo anali kuchita chidwi ndi mfundo za Anazi. tcheru pacimake ku Kutacha 1920s, pamene akuti "Masewerera a Nordic mtundu" angagwire ntchito mofanana ndi mawu akuti "Aryan mpikisano."

mfundo iyi, malo Masewerera a Nordic mtundu ngati mbuye mtundu mwa ambiri, Caucasus, mu 1930s, ndi kakusintha kwambiri zotsutsa mu UK, ndi US ndi mayiko ena patsogolo.

Chakudya Ulamuliro wa Nazi ku Germany ndi awathandize bwinobwino maganizo, Genriha Gimmlera, Richard Walter Oskar Darre, anakamba mfundo wamba German, amene anali amatanthauziridwa kuti "Masewerera a Nordic mtundu", yemwe analibe mwachibale kwa Aryan, m'mayiko a ku Ulaya kapena German. Mawu akuti "aria" (Aryans) anagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mafuko ndi zigwa aku Iran.

Choncho, malinga ndi maganizo amenewa maganizo, moyo uliwonse ake ambiri ndi mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonetseredwe, ndi chipatso cha ndondomeko kusanduka divergent, chimene azungu anawagawa atatu "thanthwe" siyana mitundu - kumpoto, Alpine ndi Mediterranean.

Masewerera a Nordic mtundu, wamba ku Ulaya Northern, woimira m'modzi mwa magawo atatu (mafuko yaing'ono kapena mitundu thupi) zomwe ndi gawo la mtundu European, ndi wosiyana ndi ena ndipo amasonyeza zosiyanasiyana mkati mbali zambiri wapadera okha. oimira ake moyo makamaka (koma osati yekha) kumpoto kwa Ulaya, kuphatikizapo anthu Chijeremani, yodziwika dolichocephaly (elongated mawonekedwe pa mutu), khungu chilungamo, cheekbones mkulu, molunjika kapena pang'ono wavy lagolide tsitsi, zomwe ndi zaka akhale kuwala kapena zofiirira woderapo. Iwo ali maso owala: buluu, imvi, wobiriwira. Masewerera a Nordic stereotypical mtundu wa maonekedwe si ndithu kugwa pansi limanena za "Aryan choyera" imene misa lalikulu tsitsi mdima, ngakhale kuti Nazi propaganda zithunzi zinasonyeza "Aryans" ngati tsitsi.

Othandiza pa "chiphunzitso Kumpoto" ankanena kuti "Nordics" m'mbiri ya chitukuko anthu pamalo lalikulu Kale, ngakhale mu mtundu Mediterranean, kunena kuti ena mwa maufumu a Roma anali ndi tsitsi bulondi.

Masewerera a Nordic mpikisano Nayenso ogaŵikana boma magulu awiri - chapakati ndi zotumphukira (Atlantic, Wachiwiri-Danube subtypes). Mu gulu chapakati amatanthauza anthropological mtundu atatu: borrebyu, Bruno, Denmark. Woyamba awiri yodziwika ndi makhalidwe chachikale chinkawavuta amene amapita ku mitundu Upper Paleolithic: wamtali, thupi chachikulu, mutu lalikulu, yotakata nkhope. Izi - wana wa anthu oyamba amene anakhazikika kumpoto-kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Scandinavia gulu akupezeka mitundu iwiri: Hallstatt ndi Acelt ka British Isles ndi Netherlands. Iye anaonekera mu kumpoto chakumadzulo Europe pa Iron Age ndi Acelt ndi zikhalidwe Germany. M'madera ambiri, Mwachitsanzo, ku Denmark ndi kumpoto Germany, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuko a kumpoto ndi inextricably zogwirizana, ngati mmene anthu pakati azungu kumpoto amakhala ku United States.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti osiyana subrasovye gulu kulili osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo yopapatiza. anthu Ndi kwenikweni Hallstatt Scandinavia mtundu, angapezeke mu kum'mwera Norway ndi pakati Sweden - m'dera limene wotchuka American KATSWIRI Carleton Stevens Coon amatchedwa "malo a tingachipeze powerenga Masewerera a Nordic mpikisano." Ntchito zake "Mitundu ya Europe" (1939) ananena kuti masiku ano Scandinavia mtundu - osakaniza awiri chachikale chinkawavuta Mediterranean anthropological mitundu (Type Culture nkhondo nkhwangwa ndi Danube mtundu). Komabe, pa maziko a maphunziro DNA, ubwenzi umenewu anamuzindikira monga pachithunzichi. Anasonyeza ulalo ubwenzi pakati pa mitundu Scandinavia ndi Upper Paleolithic - kuposa aliyense wa Mediterranean.

Poyamba, mfundo "Masewerera a Nordic mtundu" (kumpoto) anadziwana ndi French KATSWIRI Joseph Deniker amene analenga gulu la mafuko mu 1900. ntchito zake cholinga pofotokoza za "mtundu m'dera" (ethnos).

Mu XXI m'ma pakati Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ndi akatswiri anapanga pangano chimodzi pa chakuti "oyera" mafuko si, ndipo panalibe konse. Zikamera wa chibadwa anthu zina kuchichepetsa chiphunzitso cha categorization azungu zodziwika magulu mitundu.

Koma Mulimonsemo, mfundo ndi yakuti pakati kumachitika ofala za magulu a mitundu kuti northerners yodziwika ndi makhalidwe ena thupi, komanso nyumba yosungiramo katundu wapadera wa khalidwe chikhalidwe, sipangakhalenso anafuulira monga "Masewerera a Nordic khalidwe". Izi - ufulu, kupirira, kanthu, maganizo, khama, chidwi chilungamo.