Masalmo achidule a Tyutchev omwe ndi osavuta kuphunzira

Mavesi a Tyutchev, omwe ndi osavuta kuphunzira, ndiwongolongosola izi. Wolemba ndakatuloyu anali mbuye wa ntchito zazing'ono zolemba ndakatulo, mawonekedwe omwe mwa njira zambiri adatsimikizira zomwe zili. Zolemba zazing'ono zomwe analemba ndizolembedwa m'zilembo za ku Russia za m'ma 1800.

Zochitika Zachikhalidwe

Ndemanga ya Tyutchev, yosavuta kuphunzira, iyenera kuonedwa pambali ya cholowa chake cha ndakatulo, momwe otsutsa azinthu amasiyanitsa zochitika zitatu: mawu a m'ma 1820, omwe amatsanzira olemba ndakatulo a ndakatulo m'zaka za zana la 18, koma ndi zigawo zapachiyambi; 1830-1840 -ndipo, pamene ndakatuloyo inachoka pa mfundo za chikhalidwe chachikale ndipo anayamba kulemba zambiri pa nkhani zachikondi; Ndipo, potsiriza, 1850-1870, yomwe ndi nthawi yokwanira ya ntchito yake, pamene ndakatulo imapanga, mwinamwake, zitsanzo zabwino za malo ndi chikondi nyimbo.

Chikondi cha mutu

Mavesi a Tyutchev, omwe amaphunzira mosavuta, akuphatikizapo ntchito pa mutu wa chikondi. Pachifukwa ichi, chomwe chimatchedwa "Denisiev cycle", chomwe chinalandira dzina limeneli, chiri chokhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa ambiri ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti ndakatuloyi inaperekedwa kwa Denisyeva, yemwe ndakatuloyo ankamukonda. Komabe, palinso mfundo ina, malinga ndi zomwe ntchitozi zimapereka kwa mkazi wa wolemba. Zili choncho, ndakatulo iyi inakhala imodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chikondi, osati kokha m'zolemba za ndakatulo, komanso mu ndakatulo ya Chirasha.

Kuchokera ku chikondi, mavesi a Tyutchev, omwe ndi osavuta kuphunzira, ndi ovomerezeka kwambiri kwa ana a sukulu, chifukwa amalembedwa m'chinenero chosavuta komanso chophweka. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yotchedwa "Last Love" ikhoza kutchedwa chitsanzo. Ndikochepa pang'onopang'ono, mokondwa phokoso ndipo nthawi yomweyo imalongosola kwambiri, ndipo zithunzi zake zimathandiza kuloweza pamtima.

Tanthauzo la ndakatulo zachikondi

Nthano za Tyutchev za chikondi, zomwe ndi zophweka kuphunzira, mwinamwake ndizozitchuka kwambiri pa ntchito zake, ena a iwo amavala nyimbo. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, ntchito yake yotchuka "I Met You, ndi Zonse Zakale ...", zomwe zinasanduka chikondi chachipembedzo mu nyimbo za Russian. Ntchito imeneyi ndi zodabwitsa kuti nyimbo ndizokha, choncho ndi zovuta kukumbukira. Kulowera kwa ndakatulo ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino zimakhala zovuta kukumbukira.

Ndemanga za Tyutchev za chikondi, zomwe zimakhala zophweka kuphunzira, zikhale ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, zomwe mwachibadwa zimakhala mwachikondi m'mawu ake onse. Wolemba ndakatulo anawona kuti chikondi ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, zomwe zimasokoneza chiwonongeko chawo, ndikuzisiya zochitika pamoyo wawo wonse. Iwo ali ndi vuto lachisokonezo ndipo chinachake chosasinthika chimene chingasinthe munthu mosasintha. Ichi ndi chimene chimasiyanitsa chikondi chake ndi mawu a Pushkin, omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri komanso kuvomereza kuti zenizeni zenizeni. Pamene Tyutchev imamveketsa momveka bwino zachisoni komanso chisoni, monga kukumbukira chinthu chosasokonezeka.

Za chilengedwe

Ena a ndakatulo a Tyutchev omwe ndi osavuta kuphunzira (mizere 16) ikukhudzana ndi mutu wa chiwonetsero cha chirengedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito "Ndimakonda Mkuntho Kumayambiriro kwa May" inali chitsanzo choyambirira. Ana a sukulu amaphunzira mosangalala, chifukwa amasiyana ndi chiyembekezo chodabwitsa ndipo kawirikawiri zimamveka mokondwera, zimadzutsa maganizo. Chisangalalo cha heroy lyric kawirikawiri chimasamutsidwa kwa wowerenga kuchokera mzere woyamba, kusiyana ndi chikondi chake, chomwe chimakhala ndi chisoni komanso chisoni.

Mavesi a Tyutchev, omwe ndi osavuta kuphunzira (mizera 16), amadziwika ndi nyimbo komanso mavesi ovomerezeka. Imodzi mwa ntchito zotchuka kwambiri ndi ntchito yomwe tatchulayi "I Met You, Everything Past ...", komanso ntchito "Swallows". Ntchito yomalizayi ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa kuwonjezera pa zojambula zachilengedwe pali mfundo za filosofi za wolemba za njira yake yolenga ndi kudzoza. Ndilo nyimbo, ndipo ilibe zilembo zovuta kapena zofananako. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, Tyutchev mwachidule ndipo akufanizira zolemba zake zamakatulo ndi ndege yowonongeka. Choncho, ndakatulo ndizosavuta kukumbukira pa maphunziro a sukulu.

Philosophy wa moyo

Mavesi a Tyutchev, omwe ndi ovuta kuphunzira (mizere 20), amasiyanitsa ndi kuphweka komanso nthawi yomweyo tanthauzo la filosofi. Izi zimakhala zofanana ndi ntchito yonse ya wolemba ndakatulo, yemwe, mwachidule, mwachidule komanso omangika mawonekedwe, adatha kufotokoza maganizo ndi zovuta zambiri. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za ntchito imeneyi ndi ndakatulo "Kodi moyo sutiphunzitsa chiyani ...". Mu ntchitoyi, wolembayo akufotokoza chiyembekezo chakuti anthu kumeneko amakhalabe ndi chikhulupiriro chomwe chimasungidwa mwa iwo mwa kuzunzika. M'ntchito iyi pali ziwonetsero za chirengedwe, zomwe nthawi ino zimakhala njira kuti afotokoze mafilosofi ake a dziko lapansi ndi zowona zake.

Ena amagwira ntchito

Mavesi a Tyutchev, omwe ndi ovuta kuphunzira (mizera 20), amadzipereka ku chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, nkhaniyi "Momwemo kulira kwa mkuntho wa chilimwe" kumene wolemba ndakatulo akuwonetsanso chimwemwe chake poyang'ana momwe njira zachirengedwe zimayendera. Chimodzimodzinso ndi chiyembekezo, chiri chachifupi komanso mwachidule, koma nthawi yomweyo ndizofotokozera komanso zophiphiritsira, kotero ndizovuta kukumbukira ana a sukulu. Ndemanga za Tyutchev za chirengedwe, zomwe ndi zosavuta kuphunzira, ndizomwezo zitsanzo zabwino za mawu ake. Ntchito zoterezi zikuphatikizapo ntchito ya wolemba ndakatulo "Mwachinyengo ndi mwamanyazi", momwe maganizo a wolembayo akukongoletsera zokongola za mitundu yozungulirayo ndi mwachidule komanso mwachidule.

Kufunika kwa chilengedwe

Tyutchev adakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha ndakatulo cha ku Russia cha m'ma 1900. Masalmo ake amaimira zitsanzo zabwino za chikondi, filosofi ndi zachilengedwe. Nthano yake nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya Pushkin, yemwe, malinga ndi maumboni angapo, amamuchitira chifundo kwambiri ndipo adafalitsa ntchito zake m'magazini yake. Pali lingaliro lakuti zomwe Dostoyevsky anachita zimamukhudza kwambiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ntchito ya Tyutchev yakhala yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya mabuku a Russian.