Mu kusanthula ntchito luso ndi zonse zofunika zimene iye amafuna kunena kuti wolemba, komanso chakuti kunapezeka - ". Kunena" cholinga wolemba akhoza anazindikira Pamlingo wamkulu kapena wamng'ono, koma ndi mfundo wolemba amazionera mu kufufuza chikhalidwe, zochitika, ndi zinatchulidwa akhale choonadi chapamwamba mu kusanthula mutu zolembalemba.
tanthawuzo
Tiyeni tiwone, kodi lingaliro ntchito. Ndi liwu ku chiphunzitso zolembalemba, ngakhale kuti akhoza zimachitika chilengedwe mfundo mbiri luso. Pambuyo monzama zojambulajambula ndi chithunzi ndi chosema, ndi filimu. Zina mwa gulu ili ndi nyumba kamangidwe, monga zachifumu aang'ono amene anamanga nazizwa "momwemo", koma malinga ndi cholinga cha wolemba. Choncho, lingaliro la ntchito - izi ndi maganizo kuti invests iliyonse munthu kulenga ana awo. Koma m'mabuku, amanena za maganizo waukulu, lingaliro zofunika, zomwe limafotokoza momuzungulira danga onse luso la bukhu. Iwo anamvetsetsa ndi zooneka, ndi tanthauzo, ndi maganizo waphindu. Iwo likukhalira kuti lingaliro la ntchito - ndi chinachake chimene ndi ndakatulo analenga, masewero, mabuku. wolemba n'kofunika kugawana maganizo, kulankhula, kutsimikizira mfundo.
zitsanzo fanizo
Tiyeni kukumbukira mmodzi wa katswiri wa mabuku Russian ndi dziko kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - buku L. N. Tolstogo "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Amene analankhula za wolemba wake, iye ankakonda buku lakuti "maganizo a anthu." Amene angathe kuzindikira lingaliro chachikulu cha ntchito? Izi makamaka mawu amene anthu - kalembera waukulu wa dziko, mphamvu ya mbiri galimoto, mlengi wa chuma ndi wauzimu. Tikaganizira mfundo imeneyi, wolemba akufotokozera Nkhani yadzaoneni. The zilembo zazikulu za "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Tolstoy mosalekeza amatsogolera kupyola mu mndandanda wa mayesero, kuti "zosabvuta", zaikidwa kaonedwe dziko, kumvetsa dziko, maganizo a dziko. Choncho, Natasha Rostova pafupi kwambiri ndi mokondera kwa ife, ndi wolemba kuposa Helen Kuragin kapena Zhyuli Karagina. Natasha si wokongola monga woyamba, ndipo si choncho wachuma wachiwiri. Koma ali mawu enieni mu "grafinichke" pafupifupi munthu akulankhula mu Russian, pali chinachake primordial, mayiko, zachilengedwe, umene umakhala ndi anthu wamba. Tolstoy modzipereka imakhumbira ake pa kuvina (Zomwe zinachitika "kuyendera Amalume"), ndipo limafotokoza momwe ife akugwa pansi pa chithumwa fano zodabwitsa. Modziwika limatifotokozera lingaliro la wolemba ntchito ndi zitsanzo za njira moyo Andreya Bolkonskogo ndi Pierre Bezukhov. Onse achifumu, mu chiyambi cha buku moyo mavuto awo, ali - lililonse zawo - njira chofuna zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino. Komanso, kuyamba kutsatira zofuna za dziko lake ndi anthu wamba.
ubwenzi Causal
Lingaliro la mogometsa akufotokoza zinthu zake zonse, mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa zigawo zonse. Iwo akhoza ankaona achire, mtundu wa "phunziro moyo", zomwe zimachititsa ndi akupanga owerenga chiyambi lemba luso kudziwana bwino nkhani yake, zinapatsira ndi maganizo a wolemba. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti zidutswa za kulemba za moyo si zabwino komanso otchulidwa negative. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zikunenedwa bwino F. M. Dostoevsky: tonsefe akuvutika, "weni weni wa Sodomu" ndi "abwino a Madonna," "Mulungu ndi mdierekezi", ndi m'munda lankhondo - mtima wa munthu. Svidrigailov a "Chilango" - munthu woonekeratu kwambiri. Libertine, amakayikira scoundrel Ndipotu - wakupha, iye si mlendo zina kuwamvera chisoni, ndipo ngakhale ena khalidwe labwino. Ndi pamaso kudzipha, ngwazi amapanga zinthu zingapo zabwino: yayimikidwa ana a Katerina Ivanovna, tiyeni Dunya ... Inde, Raskolnikov, nkhope chachikulu cha ntchito, kuti akutanganidwa ndi Chitsulo, Komanso munkachitika maganizo otsutsana. Dostoevsky, munthu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zovuta, limasonyeza Ngwazi popanda komanso "Ine". Kuyambira magwero mbiri ya wolemba tikudziwa kuti iye anayimba kwambiri za nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'moyo. Chidwi pa mavuto aakulu chilakolako izi timathawa zikugwirizananso ndi buku "The juga".
Mutu ndi lingaliro
Mpaka kupanga funso lina lofunika - momwe ikukhudzana bwanji ndi phunziro lathu ndi maganizo ntchito. Mwachidule, izi chafotokozedwa motere: nkhaniyi - izi ndi zimene buku anafotokoza mfundo - ziyenera ndi ofanana ndi wolemba izi. Tiyeni tinene, nkhani ya Pushkin a "Station Master". Limavumbula moyo wa "mwamuna wamng'ono" - wopanda ufulu, osautsidwa ndi onse, koma kukhala ndi mtima, moyo ulemu ndi kuzindikira okha monga mbali ya anthu amene akuyang'ana pansi pa iye. Izi ndi nkhani. Ndipo lingaliro - akulitse chapamwamba khalidwe la munthu wamng'ono ndi dziko wolemera mumtima iwo amene amaima pamwamba iye wapamwamba, koma moyo ovutika.