Manda a Kant mu Kaliningrad (chithunzi)

Kuphunzira mbiri ya anthu, ife kuphunzira mfundo zosangalatsa: likukhalira, Immanuel Kant ndinabadwa ndipo anafa Königsberg. Koma mzinda uwu, yemwe poyamba anali a East Prussia, tsopano ili mkati ku Russia komanso otchedwa Kaliningrad. Choncho, manda Kant ndi amene anayambitsa nzeru German chakale, ili m'kati mwamalire a dziko lathu. Musachimwe kuti agwiritse ntchito mfundoyi ndipo osati kudzacheza Kaliningrad. Koma kodi kupeza kuda nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri mu mzinda ano? Izi zidzathandiza nkhani yathu. Ndipo m'mudzi weniweniwo pa zilumba ambiri ofunika kukacheza. Nthawi zina anavala Krulevets maina Konigsberg, Kaliningrad. Koma pamwamba pa zonsezi, iye anali ndi akadali tawuni kunyumba ndi malo a Kant ndi malo ampumulo.

Wambiri nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri,

Immanuel Kant anabadwa pa twente-wachiwiri April 1724 mu mwachilungamo olemera waluso banja amene anapanga saddles. ndalama Ndi mkulu bambo analola kuti mwanayu kuphunzira pa yapamwamba sukulu ya galamala "Friedrichs-Collegium" ndipo ndiye kulowa University of Konigsberg. Koma ndiye atate ake anamwalira, ndipo Immanuel Kant amakakamizidwa kusiya. Kusamalira banja lake, iye anayamba kuwaphunzitsa. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti poyamba amayenda kunja kwa mzinda kwawo. Kant anatumikira monga namkungwi. Nthawi imeneyi, wasayansi wamng'ono zachitika kungoganizira za chiyambi cha dongosolo dzuwa, amene sanataye kufunika kwake kwa nthawi yathu. Buku la ntchito zimenezi n'zotheka kuteteza nkhani yolembedwa Kant. Digiri yakuti iye kukhala pulofesa. Kuyambira 1770 mpaka 1797 adaphunzitsa wasayansi thupi, nkhani masamu komanso cha nzeru za pa yunivesite ya mumzinda wakwawo. Akuti zonsezi zaka makumi awiri ndi anayi Kant wadutsa kuchokera kunyumba ntchito mwa njira yomweyo. Iye anafa ndi olemekezeka katswiri wa akhumi February 1804. Kant ndi kumasiye anali omaliza crypt professorial wa Cathedral Cathedral wa Koenigsberg.

Athandiza nzeru dziko

Tikayang'ana zaka za moyo, wasayansi a choonadi. Kant Komabe, patsogolo pa nthawi yake. Pamene anafika Wamkulu French kuukira boma (1789), chimwemwe cha kusintha wafika mudzi waung'ono East Prussia. Onse anabzala "mitengo ya ufulu". Kant Komabe, anakhalabe wosasinthika. "The chosintha kwambiri - ndi ine", - malinga ndi nthano, kamodzi anati iye. Ndipo iye anali kulondola. ntchito zake "wunika wa Koyera Kuganiza" (pa epistemology), "wunika wa N'chifukwa" (za chikhalidwe) ndi "wunika la Chiweruzo" (ndi aesthetics) - zinasinthiratu nzeru European. Tikhoza kunena kuti popanda ziphunzitso za Kant kuti kulibe anapeza Hegel, Marx ndi ena ambiri anzeru German. Munthu uyu anabweretsa nzeru wamumtima mlingo watsopano. Choncho, manda a Immanuel Kant mu Kaliningrad adzakhala malo a Haji.

maliro

Imfa ya katswiri wa ukulu uwu kwalimbikitsa dziko lonse sayansi, komanso mudzi kwawo, monga Kant ankadziwa Königsberg ana ndi akulu omwe. chosunga wake anali lodziwika bwino. Malinga ndi Pulofesa, mbasiya kokayenda, anthu okhala m'tauni synchronize ulonda. Choncho, mwayi kwa thupi la womwalirayo kukatsanzikana unatenga masiku khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Coffin pa maliro amene anachitika twente-foro kwambiri luso yunivesite wophunzira. Pambuyo pawo panali akapitawo a asilikali a Konigsberg, ndipo kuseri kwake - khamu lalikulu la m'tauni. Poyamba, manda Kant ndi m'manda akale pulofesa imene pafupi kumpoto kwa Cathedral lapansi. nyumba wamkuluyu, wopangidwa kalembedwe Baltic Gothic, poyamba zinali makamaka mpingo wa Katolika, ndipo anadzakhala Lutheran. Kumanda anali akuti: "Immanuel Kant. mmodzi wa nzeru ena wamkulu wa dziko lili pano. "

manda Modern Kant mu Kaliningrad

Kumanda chithunzi alibe zizigwirizana nkhani loyamba. chakuti mu 1809 professorial dilapidated yopemphereramo ndipo anali anagwetsa. Mu malo ake akunja kumpoto mpanda wa tchalitchi kunapangitsa zomera. Iwo anatenga dzina nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri - "Ataima cantiano". Nyumba iyi anaima mpaka 1880. Ndi chikumbutso bicentennial wa nzeru zapamwamba za (1924) manda Kant chikukwaniritsidwa chikumbutso. kusodza wake mwakuchita wamanga Fridrih Lars, zopindula mkulu - Hugo Stinnes. Chikumbutso ndi holo momasuka ndi mizati yozungulira cenotaph - mwala bokosi. Izi ndi sarcophagus ophiphiritsa kugona zotsalira za nzeru zapamwamba sichiri mwa iwo, ndipo pansi pa slabs wa kachisi. Chikumbutso kalembedwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi kukongoletsa zonse Cathedral lapansi.

Events Wachiwiri World nkhondo

Konigsberg Nazi zapita movutikira. Mzinda wa nkhondo aukali ndi wamagazi. Mu August 1944, boma la Britain kukonza akupha Konigsberg mpweya. Kenako, mu April 1945, anayamba yaikulu Soviet zolawula. Chifukwa cha nkhondo izi misewu anafanana ndi malo mwezi. Kulibenso tchalitchi kapena chikumbutso columned holo. Koma manda Kant ndi (zithunzi za zaka pa zikusonyeza) anasunga mu chikhalidwe kapena zochepa zogwira mtima. Ndipo nzika anaona kuti imeneyi ndi chizindikiro - Konigsberg wawuka kwa phulusa.

State kuteteza chinthu

Choncho, mzinda inasanduka Kaliningrad ndipo anakhala mbali ya Soviet Union. Komabe, chimodzi boma 'm'dziko "yekha mu 1960, anakumbukira kuti Konigsberg woyamba m'manda Immanuel Kant. Manda a nzeru zapamwamba (tombstone ndi Kukhonde) Watsimikiza nambala 1327 a Bungwe la nduna RSFSR, amati "malo a mtengo chikhalidwe mlingo boma a m'dera Kaliningrad." Kalembedwe zosamveka zikutanthauza kuti kuyambira tsopano kubwezeretsa chipilala adzakhala allocated ndalama. Nthawi yotsiriza kumanda inakonzedwanso mu 1996. Iwo akadali pafupi ndi ngodya kumpoto cha pa tchalitchi kuchokera panja pa dzanja lake. Kamodzi mizati zake komanso wabwezeretsedwa.

Kant misewu

Inde, n'kupanda nzeru kuganiza kuti pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za nkhondo ndi kusunga nyumba imene iye anabadwa ndipo anakhala woyambitsa wa nzeru German zachikhalidwe. Koma malo kumene kunali nyumba imeneyi amadziwika. Ngati ife tione Kaliningrad kufunafuna Kant, m'pofunika kuyamba naye. Iyi ndi nyumba nambala 40 A pa Leninsky Prospekt. Pali chikwangwani cha chikumbutso. Pandunji pa nyumba mbadwa nzeru zapamwamba mu 1864 anali amkuwa chipilala kuti Kant. Iwo anaponyedwa mu Berlin. Mu 1885, chipilala zinam'khudza kuti Paradenplats. Nkhondo itatha, iye anataika. Koma mu 1992 linadzamangidwanso malinga ndi zithunzi zakale. Tsopano chipilala kuti nzeru zapamwamba akuyima paki pa University Street. Ndipo ali m'manda a Kant? Kodi nthawi. Ndi pafupi mbali lakunja kwa Cathedral lapansi. Ndi kachisi waukulu mumzinda unali pachilumba cha Kneiphof.

chizindikiro cha mzindawo

Kaliningrad, ngakhale khama akuluakulu kuti depersonalize ndi amaoneka imvi "mafosholo", wakhala anatha kusunga chithumwa European. Island, milatho wosakhwima, Gothic tchalitchi tiyeni mumamasuka pano. The olemekezeka kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi Kneiphof. Kumasulira, amatanthauza "Bwalo odyera". The mzinda olemera anakhalapo kuno. Mwamsanga pamene munthu kupeza ndalama, iye anali kulota kungokhazikika pansi pa Kneiphof. Pansi woyamba wa panyumba yokongola nazo zochuluka za malo omwera ndi odyera. The chithumwa chilumba umalimbikitsa Cathedral, amene adjoined ndi manda Kant a. Mu Kaliningrad, chithunzi cha zovuta chikumbutso kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "kuyitana khadi" mumzindawo.