Lyric mankhwala: zizindikiro zoyimira, zitsanzo. M'nyimbo ntchito - ndi ...

M'nyimbo ntchito - ndi chinthu chapadera mu mabuku. Limadzitsegula dziko lachinsinsi logwira wa mphamvu za Mlengi wake, choncho ali ndi makhalidwe ena. Mukhoza nthawi zonse wolemekezeka ku epic kapena lyric sewero (ena zolembalemba Mitundu). Nthawi zina sanama mu mizere ya vesili, ndi prose. Wokwanira kukumbukira Gogol m'nyimbo MPATUKO, Pushkin, Turgenev ndi prose ndakatulo. Komano, kungakhale mwa ndakatulo A epics yosokoneza. Pali mumaganiza, "Eugene Onegin" ndi Pushkin ndi "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski. Pendani mbali ya lyric ndi ntchito, mmene kumasiyana ndi epos ndi sewero.

pobereka mabuku

Art, kuphatikizapo wapakamwa - ndi chinyezimiro cha moyo wa munthu, chotero Mipikisano faceted, zonse zochitika zosiyanasiyana. N'chifukwa chake sikutheka khalidwelo pa zonse, ntchito kapangidwe chimodzi chokha. Ndipo ntchito iliyonse zolembalemba - epic, lyric ndi sewero. Inde, ali ofanana kuti onse pa galasi zosonyeza moyo wa anthu, komanso zosiyana wonena za. Mwachidule yosanthula iwo.

Pakuti epic uthenga khalidwe za zochitika aliyense mu mawonekedwe Nkhani. Komanso, kungakhale monga mtundu wina wa yochepa Zomwe zinachitika mu moyo, ndiye tikulankhula za Mitundu ya buku kapena nkhani, ndi zina zikuluzikulu chochitika, mbiri ya banja kapena boma (nkhani, buku). Waukulu kusiyana - zonse kwake Nkhani, nthawizina wolemba pogwiritsa ntchito zokhudza kapena mawunikidwe.

Drama ali ndi nkhani yeniyeni, koma anamanga-Nkhani malemba, ndi bwino zisudzo fixation mawu (replicas). Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti mtundu uwu wa mabuku Chili ndi maonekedwe a epic ndi lyric ndakatulo, chifukwa otsiriza udindo woyamba kupitirira mawu. Kuyambira nthawi zakale azikhala Mitundu iwiri ya sewero: mavuto sewero lanthabwala. Woyamba tikunena nkhondo khalidwe yekha, chisoni maganizo (timakumbukira Hamlet Shakespeare kapena Salieri Pushkina). Comedy limanenanso moyo wawo, nthawi zina zosamveka kusamvana ( "akhumi Night" ndi Shakespeare). Tragi-sewero lanthabwala - ndi mtundu wanyimbo chimene sichikugwirizana ndi posachedwapa. Chili ndi maonekedwe a zipilala ziwiri zofunika la sewero.

Lyrics: tanthauzo

ndi ntchito m'nyimbo chiyani? Izi ndi mtundu wa mabuku, zimene zimasonyeza dziko lamkati la wolemba. Komanso si malo amodzi: Maganizo ndi maganizo akhudzana ndi zikhoza kusintha, komanso maganizo ngwazi ya.

Mu embodiments kwambiri lyric ndime mankhwala ntchito ndakatulo. Mwina yonse ya ntchito m'nyimbo ya osiyanasiyana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi epic kapena sewero. Indedi, dziko la mphamvu wosinthasintha kwabasi ndipo zimasintha. Ngakhale mkati mwa ndakatulo limodzi maganizo ndakatulo amasinthira zikundichitikira chimwemwe. Izi zimachitika mu ntchito, "Ine ndakonda inu" Pushkin.

A malo apadera mu ntchito m'nyimbo amatenga m'nyimbo ngwazi. Iye akhoza kuonetsa maganizo ndi malingaliro a wolemba, ndi kutsutsana naye. Kuti timvetse mfundo imeneyi, suffices kukumbukira "Evgeniya Onegina" ndi Pushkin. Apa khalidwe m'nyimbo waima si protagonist a "Playboy" Onegin, ndi wolemba yekha, zikuoneka kuti pa gawo la nkhani za zochitika izi. Komabe, Eugene mu malo amodzi onse mofanana amalandiranso udindo wa m'nyimbo pamene analemba kalata kwa Tatiana.

mtundu wanyimbo

Mitundu ya ntchito m'nyimbo, komanso epic mwamphamvu ndiponso anatchedwa "Mitundu". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Agiriki akale aliyense mawonekedwe a luso wapakamwa akukumana imasonkhezera ake. Zilombozi, mwana wa Zeu komanso Mnemosyne, mulungu wamkazi wa pamtima, anali anzake wabwino wa Apollo kuyang'anira luso. Total Muses anali naini. Aliyense wa iwo anali chikhalidwe chake ndi ntchito yomwe ikuchitika. Choncho wolemekezeka ndi pa nthawi yomweyo anasiyiratu Polyhymnia anachititsa nyimbo wapadera (nyimbo), ndi Calliope, ndi udindo epic ndi M'malo mwake, anali kwambiri bizinesi komanso womasuka.

Kodi mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba? Ichi ndi maziko mankhwala, mtundu wa mafupa, chimene wolemba kapena ndakatulo amalenga ntchito yapadera. Mwachitsanzo, nthano ndi kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndipo analemba mapiko awo. Polemba chinenero anaganiza yomweyo, monga momwe nkhani yophiphiritsa ndi makhalidwe ena. Izi ndi zizindikiro azilandira mtundu wanyimbo ndi "nthano."

owerenga ndi kofunika kudziwa ntchito polemba chinenero nayenso, iye amanyamula, chifukwa mu njira iyi amalenga maganizo apadera, anatsimikiza mtima kamvekedwe ka ntchito.

Lyric mankhwala, zitsanzo zomwe zafotokozedwa zina amenenso ogaŵikana Mitundu. Iwo akhoza kulenga monga wapadera yosangalatsa maganizo, ndi chisoni, ngakhale chisoni.

Oda ndi nyimbo

Monga ife otchulidwa, imasonkhezera nyimbo wapadera nyimbo - Polyhymnia. Iye ali mfulu, wopupuluma, koma pa nthawi yomweyo adaletsa kwambiri. ntchito izi kusiyana ndi chofunika wapadera, ntchito yawo ndi kutamanda. Nyimbo kuonetsa chidwi m'nyimbo. Komanso, kusirira, wamphamvu amphamvu ndi olimba, kuti involuntarily ndimafuna kufika pamene kuwerenga. Zitsanzo zimene angaperekedwe? Chimenechi ndicho chiyambi cha ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" ndi A. S. Pushkina. Mwa njira, ndime iyi akutchedwa nyimbo likulu kumpoto, St. Petersburg. Inayambira mizere: "Ndimakukonda, chilengedwe Petro ..." kamodzi anafunsa mtengo wamphamvu mphamvu ndi mphamvu.

Anthem lofotokozeredwa m'njira mawonekedwe a prose. "Nyimbo ya Mafunde Petrel" Maksima Gorkogo ndi. Njirayi imatchedwa nyimbo ufulu. boma umenewu umatanthauza Thunderbird, ndi akunyoza tsoka, kulimbana nazo.

Wina wapadera ntchito m'nyimbo ndi ode. polemba chinenero ichi, mosiyana ndi nyimbo ya zimalimbikitsa makamaka aliyense wa m'mbiri chochitika ( "Ode kuti inalowa ndi ..." Lomonosov), chodabwitsa ( "Liberty" Pushkin) kapena munthu ( "Mulungu" Derzhavin).

elegy

ntchito m'nyimbo - sikungokhudza mphamvu ndi chofunika. Zambiri za ndakatulo amasonyeza maganizo a bata, nthawi zambiri, chikondi. Ntchito izi za Agiriki akale kugwirizana imasonkhezera Erato. Mu chithunzi Nthawi zambiri makhalidwe a mazunzo ndi mwachikondi. "Elegy" Awa ndi ndakatulo polemba chinenero chimenechi. ntchito zimenezi ndi zachisoni, iwo adzala ndi mawunikidwe pa chikondi ndi za moyo kapena tsoka, tsogolo lake.

Polemba chinenero elegy sanali mu Kale, olemba ambiri ndi ndakatulo ndi ntchito mwakhama. Choncho, Pushkin ndi "Ndinkakonda inu" kapena "Kuti Nyanja", Lermontov a "Ine ndimapita yekha panjira", pali zitsanzo za elegies ndi mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma XX Mwachitsanzo, Akhmatova ali "March Elegy" ndi Blok "Posakasa elegy ".

Makalata ndi epigrams

wotchuka epistolary m'nyimbo ntchito mabuku. Ichi sichina ngati uthenga. polemba chinenero Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti adzawulule zakukhosi ndi zokhumba. M'pofunikanso kukumbukira buku chitsanzo cha uthenga - ". Kwa Chaadaev" Pushkin a Kapena ndakatulo ya Esenin "Kalata Amayi". Nkofunika kudziwa kuti pali nthawi imene mtundu wanyimbo Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu elegy. Mwachitsanzo, uthenga wa Pushkin kuti A. P. Kern (wotchuka "Ine ndikukumbukira mphindi zodabwitsa"). Apa, kuwonjezera kutcha amakonda kumeneko komanso kulingalira za maganizo awo, mtundu wa chinyezimiro cha zimene zinachitika ndi ndakatulo pa msonkhano ndi wokondedwa.

Epigram (koma iwo akutchedwa "Zotengera") - polemba chinenero china cha ndakatulo. Ntchito izi ndi waufupi kwambiri, ntchito yaikulu - kuwuseleula aliyense. Zotengera akhoza kwambiri anakamba, izo akutsutsa chodabwitsa aliyense chikhalidwe. polemba chinenero ichi bwino anali wolemba ndakatulo wa XVIII m'ma Cantemir.

sonnet

mwapadera ayenera kukhala sonnet. Izi mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba amafuna kugwilizana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya ndakatulo. Zofunika sonnet - 14 mizere. Kusiyanitsa Baibulo English (quatrains atatu ndi awiri distich) ndi French (quatrains awiri awiri tercet). Yotsirizira watenga mizu m'nyengo ya Symbolist ndakatulo. Iye anali unit, Balmont, ndi Bruce. Classic English sonnet kudziwika kwa dziko la Shakespeare.

The zili sonnet nazonso malamulo. Aliyense Vesi - nkhani yolembedwa kuti inferences iliyonse yomwe owerenga amaphunzira pa mizere otsiriza. Izi polemba chinenero cha ndakatulo wotchedwa ndakatulo aluntha.