Mu mzinda uliwonse waukulu ano anatseka manda akale. Lero, manda izi nthawi zambiri anazindikira zipilala, nthawi zambiri malire awo maulendo ngakhale motsogozedwa imachitika. Ndipo ndithu, aliyense m'manda mwachilungamo akale, kodi kuona ndi kuganizira. Ngati mukufuna nkhani imeneyi, onetsetsani kuti pitani Smolensk Lutheran manda ku St. Petersburg.
necropolis wakale osakhulupirira St. Petersburg
Mpaka zochitika 1917 ya ulimi mu Russia, chiŵerengero alendo unali wapadera. Akatswiri lonse osiyanasiyana mafakitale ndi asayansi ochokera m'mayiko a ku Ulaya anali amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi ankakopa ntchito ndi kusamukira Russia munjira ina iliyonse, ndipo anali yapamwamba kukwatira mlendo chiyambi yabwino. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko la Germany, France ndi Britain odzakhala m'dziko wathu ndi mabanja awo lonse, ndipo ambiri a iwo anapitiriza pano kwamuyaya. Chofunika alendo anali odetsedwa, ndipo nthawizina kulandira kuzindikira pagulu kapena malo apamwamba anali mosavuta ngakhale kuposa "m'dera". Alendo izi anakwaniritsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity Orthodox, kaya ndi, ku Ulaya anatilola kuti akhale ndi chikhulupiriro osati kubisa zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo. Ndi chifukwa chake mu 1747 ndi dongosolo la Synod anayamba kukonzekera woyamba ku St. Petersburg, ndi necropolis kwa maliro sanali Orthodox. Izo zinali choncho mu kum'mwera kwa Decembrists anaonekera Lutheran Smolensk manda nalo dzina lake polemekeza Smolenka mtsinje ukuyenda pafupi.
Amene anakwiriridwa mu necropolis omwe sanali Orthodox?
Ikani bungwe maliro "zabodza zopezeka ampatuko alendo" anali sanasankhe mwangozi. pafupi kwambiri Vasilevsky Island, komwe pa nthawiyo ankakhala kwambiri alendo. Popeza ambiri a mabanja yachilendo tikukhala mu St. Petersburg zonse, anali Germany, tanthauzo la mtundu anapatsidwa wakhala ngati lofanana ndi mawu akuti "mlendo". Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Smolensk Lutheran kumanda ndipo anaitana "German". Ndipotu, anakwiriridwa kuno ku zipembedzo zosiyana, mwa iwo amene munali anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Dongosolo choyambirira manda kucheza ndi wamanga Trezzini. M'manda ku necropolis nthawi zambiri ikuchitika ndi kukongola wapadera ndi malamulo a m'nthawi imeneyo, monga nthawi zambiri chitetezo wotsiriza pano amatenga anthu odziwika, kulemekezedwa ndi olemera. Makolo m'manda, ziboliboli ndi chachikulu gravestones molemera chokongoletsedwa - chodabwitsa wamba kwa Smolensk churchyard.
"Heyday" wa necropolis ndi
Mu 1836 anaganiza kuonjezera m'dera la manda. Kuti ntchito imeneyi, bungwe la St. Catherine Mpingo kugula malo wokwatibwa ndi State milandu Kireev. Chifukwa, malo okwana necropolis anali ziwonjezeke kwa maekala 15. Iwo lidakalipobe zolembedwa m'buku m'manda mu 1912-1919 gg. Mutawerenga chikalata ichi, Ndizachidziwikire kuti chaka chimodzi ndi Smolensk Lutheran manda ku St. Petersburg chinawonjezeka ndi palibe manda zosakwana 350 atsopano. Okwana malinga ndi akatswiri mu necropolis ili la anthu 25-30 zikwi anakwiriridwa.
Smolensk manda ku malemu XIX - oyambirira XX m'ma
Mwalamulo necropolis mpaka February 1, 1919, a ku parishi ya Lutheran Church of St. Catherine. Council mpingo mosasintha nkhawa kusintha kwa manda ndi kukonza dongosolo labwino pa izo. Mu 1882, Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kulemba mndandanda wa malo imvera refurbish kapena m'malo. Okwana mndandanda zambiri osati chikwi tombstones. Iwo amene akhala owonongeka makamaka zoipa zalembedwa ndipo anasunga pa mpingo. Mu 1860 bungwe la mpingo mwadongosolo anayankha pempho Commission cha kukhalapo kwa manda chipangizo pa dera la necropolis nyumba ndi tombstones za m'ma XVIII. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, pamene pa malo manda anali 83 5 tombstones ndi zipilala za anati nthawi. Pa February 1, 1919 Lutheran Smolensk manda nationalized ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Ofesi ya Commissariat kwa Affairs Internal.
kutseka Official ndipo panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri
Pakuti misa m'manda necropolis chinatsekedwa mu 1939. Koma ngakhale izi, mpaka pakati pa XX m'ma padali kuchitikira maliro umodzi. Kuyambira akuyamba nkhani za kuchepa kwa manda wotchuka. Ena a tombstones chidali anatitumiza ku dera la necropolis a Alexander Nevsky Lavra, otsala manda anali pang'onopang'ono inamera udzu, ndipo zipilala zawo - kuwola ndi apasuke. Smolensk Lutheran manda ku Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo natenga chikale akufa. Pali unapangidwa bungwe manda misa kwa asilikali a Leningrad Front ndi zachilendo mwana kukhuthula. May 9, 1942 limodzi la kindergartens wa Leningrad ana ndi anamkungwi anapita kokayenda, gulu lonse ndi ndodo ya malo anaphedwa pansi moto kuchokera kwa mdani zida zankhondo. Ana m'manda apa, mu manda oikamo anthu ambili.
anthu otchuka m'manda mu Smolensk manda
Lero manda umabala oipa kuganiza. ziboliboli kaso ndi manda kwambiri kuonongeka, kuzungulira zinyalala ndi bwinja. Pakali pano, pamene akuyenda mizere manda Tingaone mu gawo kwambiri mbiri ya mzinda waukulu uwu. Onetsetsani kuyenda motsatira cobbled Alley akale - ichi tsopano ndi Smolensk Lutheran manda ku St. Petersburg. Amene anaikidwa kuno? Various kanjedza lalikulu la Kale chiyambi achilendo: asayansi, olemba, mapulani, ojambula zithunzi, madokotala. Zachilendo gravestone ndi mwala kugwira uli Gaetano Ciniselli - anayambitsa masewera aja pa Fontanka. Tiyeni tipitirire ndi kuona banja manda Schaub - amisiri wotchuka mu St. Petersburg. Komanso pa Smolensk manda m'manda: Agafon Gustavovich Faberzhe (wamng'ono m'bale jeweler Karl Faberge), luso ndi ndani Greig ndi AK Greig (admirals) ndi achibale awo pafupi, Karl May (woyambitsa wa masewera olimbitsa thupi mu May), Nikolai Fedorovich Arendt (chizindikiro zachipatala Nicholas Ine), Mavrikiy Volf (wofalitsa magazini "Padziko Lonse") ndi zina zambiri anthu otchuka.
Kodi lero Smolensk Lutheran manda?
Photos anatengedwa mu nthawi yathu pa manda ili, kusonyeza kuti ndi zambiri kuthamanga. Dera la makono a necropolis ndi okha 7 mahekitala. Mu 1985, mbali ndi gawo la churchyard ndi chinaperekedwa kwa yomanga siteshoni moto, ndipo m'ma 90s wa atumwi wotsiriza, Suli kutali ndi khomo (pa nthaka ya kumanda) inamangidwa othirira mafuta. zoipa kwambiri kuonongeka ndi nthawi ndi vandals Smolensk Lutheran manda. Petersburg, ngakhale ankaona likulu chikhalidwe, koma zimenezi ndi zofunika mapulani ndi achipembedzo zipilala la mzinda ankaoneka kuti aiwala. Chidwi mfundo - ndi kutchuka kwa necropolis akale anabweretsa mwambo filimu "M'bale", ndi yanthaŵi wa zithunzizi inajambulidwa pano - mu Smolensk churchyard. Mu M'chithunzithunzi munakwanisa kuona mmodzi wa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri ndi losaiwalika "pavilions" - polowera crypt wa. Ndipo ndi kutuluka kwa kanema pa zenera ambiri alendo amene afuna kukaona manda ndi kutenga zithunzi, "monga mu makanema."
Kodi kupeza "German" Lutheran manda?
Momasuka kulowa m'dera la necropolis kungakhale tsiku m'chilimwe kuyambira 9,00 kuti 19,00, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - kuchokera 9,00 kuti 17.00. Komabe, akatswiri ena kukangana Atanena zimenezi mwa dzenje mpanda kupita kumanda ndipo kumbuyo nthawi iliyonse tsiku. Ndipo nthawizina ndi mpanda, ndipo sanali sakupezeka. Smolensk Lutheran manda ku St. Petersburg ali otsatirawa adiresi: Smolenka mtsinje embankment, chuma 27. mabasi ndi magalimoto mosavuta ku okwerera sitima siteshoni "Vasileostrovskaya" shuttles 249A ndi K186. Kuchoka ayenera kukhala pa siteji ya basi "Ulitsa Kama".