Kuvala: kuika manja awo (njira ndiponso sayansi)

Kupanga malo m'dera zambiri chikuphatikizapo ntchito dongosolo la kukongoletsa ndi pa nthawi yomweyo pansi kugonjetsedwa thupi. ❖ kuyanika kwambiri zaphindu imatengedwa bwalo, alimbane ndi gulu lapadera. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zipangizo zina, koma mtengo kapangidwe ndi chitetezo zachilengedwe kupanga mtundu wa yazokonza pansi yabwino yothetsera. Polingalira za ntchito yeniyeni amenewa apanga umisiri ndi malamulo zogwirizana anatipatsa kuvala. Kuika manja ake amafuna kwambiri pokonza malo kapangidwe ndi unsembe wa mokoma litsatidwe. Musaiwale kuti bwalo ndi pamwamba msewu, nchifukwa chake zingamvekere ndi mpweya, ndi akatundu makina pa nsapato poyenda.

Ubwino wa ntchito nkhuni

Stone, ceramic ndi chibanthu amaona kuti njira yabwino kumaliza mu mawu a chitetezo zisaonongeke makina. Wood ndi kale phindu kapangidwe yake yapadera ndi kapangidwe, komanso chomasuka processing.

Komabe, impregnation ano ndi mankhwala oteteza athe kubweretsa nkhuni pamwamba olimba ndipo mawu a bata thupi. Komanso, luso kumafuna kuika kuvala ntchito mitundu wapadera kugonjetsedwa ndi kumva kuwawa ndi mapindikidwe. Komanso, pali matabwa wapadera chitsanzo chimene pamwamba corrugated amaperekedwa. Pamaso pa grooves kotenga, makamaka amapereka ufulu otaya madzi. Chifukwa, bwalo uphwetsa msanga, kuchotsa njira zoipa mchikakamizo cha chinyezi.

kuvala

M'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga za bolodi kwa bwalo - ndi zinthu zachilengedwe anapangidwa kuchokera matabwa olimba. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwapa kunadetsa ntchito ntchito zina za m'gulu wapadera gulu lotchedwa kuvala, amene imagwiridwa ndi anthu osachepera Mkhalidwe kuika kuvala. Larch komanso sanataye kufunika kwake, koma yothandiza ndi mayiko kukhazikitsa mmalo yokumba kupindula izi. Childs, izi matabwa dzenje anapangidwa kuchokera utuchi ndi polima gulu zosakaniza. Kuvala cholimba chisamaliro undemanding, kugonjetsedwa ndi kumva kuwawa ndi mosavuta dismantle ❖ kuyanika zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo.

Kuwonjezera ubwino wa mphamvu akhoza olekanitsidwa ndi magwiridwe kuvala. Mu zitsanzo ano kupereka pamaso pa grooves chomwecho kwa weir ndi pamwamba akhakula. Anapereka m'munsimu chithunzi atagona kuvala komanso amaonetsetsa omasuka unsembe wake.

Amene ntchito bolodi?

Kusankha mitengo kapena kuvala bwino anakhazikitsa, koma pamene inu kugula, pali muyezo zina kusankha komiti yokha kale, kapangidwe ake ndi kukula. Choyamba ganizirani kukhalapo kwa odana Pepala ❖ kuyanika. Izi, kachiwiri, corrugated gulu lomwe lili ndi wapadera wosanjikiza chapamwamba n'kumati ndi kalata R. Mokhudzana ndi kukula osiyanasiyana zimadalira kukula ndi tsinde stacking, amene adzaikidwa pa kuvala lapansi.

kuika njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amapereka kwa fixation pa maziko konkire, nthaka, slab simenti, ndi zina zotero. d. muyezo ndi nkhani makulidwe a 3 cm ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 5 mamita ndi m'lifupi masentimita 15. Pamene Sikuti kuyembekezera kuti makulidwe kwambiri chofunika adzapindula. Malire osachepera ndi 2 cm pansi pa chikhalidwe bwino scaled kwanthawi chikukwanira. Kuchuluka thicknesses kungayambitse kusiyana zikuluzikulu zimatiyika wachibale zokutira zina zomwe ndikofunikira zina kusindikiza pamakomo ndi kusintha.

kukonzekera makoma

Waukulu kukonzekera ntchito zokhudzana m'munsi, komanso pafupi ndi ❖ kuyanika khoma ayenera Padzakhalanso wokonzeka lolingana. Chifukwa cha mvula akukhavukira pa bwalo kungakhale yonyowa chapansi, ayenera kutetezedwa. Kuchita izi, pa msinkhu wa masentimita 20 kuchokera pampanda nthaka wapangidwa akalowa madzi zosagwira. Ndi bwino kuti chuma ndi zogwirizana kapangidwe, amene wapatsidwa kuvala. Kuika manja ake anapanga view zimfundo thambo amene anadzazidwa ndi zipangizo zotanuka, silikoni grouting ndi mankhwala ena omatira. Sindikiza zofunika ndi chapamwamba m'mphepete mwa kapu ya. Ichinso pogwiritsa ntchito akiliriki kapena silikoni mankhwala ena omatira.

yokonza m'munsi pa

Mwambo wa luso kumafuna atagona pa lathyathyathya pamwamba. Board capricious kwambiri mapangidwe ankhanza, kotero nsanja olimba adzakhala chitsimikizo wabwino wa durability. Malinga lonse kuika wina wa njira ziwiri kulenga maziko akhoza kusankhidwa - mosamala tamped ❖ kuyanika wa miyala, mwala wosweka, ndi chimango akuthandiza kapena screed zonse.

Ngati chiwembu anasankha kuika kuvala, amene analibe slab konkire, m'pofunika kuchita recess wosakhazikika nthaka. Kenako backfilled ndi ting'onoting'ono basi wosanjikiza mchere vibratory unsembe wa simenti kapena mchenga. Kenako anatsanulira bedi la miyala ndi mchenga mpaka masentimita 5. Komabe, kuonetsetsa pazipita kudalirika kwa masitepe akuyimabe kupereka mfundo thandizo mu mawonekedwe a slabs konkire. Chitsanzo zinthu akhale motere: masentimita 30 m'litali ndi m'lifupi, ndi masentimita 4 kutalika.

Kuika kwanthawi

Ogwiritsa lags mu masitepe wokutira dongosolo ntchito gawo lapansi Mbali mfundo konkire zogwiriziza yolumikiza mwachindunji ndi bolodi. Kukhazikitsa awo dowels anapereka ndi zomangira zosapanga dzimbiri. Popeza malamulo atagona kuvala amafuna lathyathyathya pamwamba maziko chofunika kukhala countersunk mutu chofukizira lapansi. Zipika ali mokhomerera pakati, kenako mutu wa wononga ndi mkangano mu recess anapanga. Pakuti screwing kwanthawi mu mwala konkire ntchito dyupel misomali mulingo 0,8 × 8 masentimita malo zimfundo pakati pa matabwa akhoza akuyendera mwa njira ziwiri .:

• kupita zinthu pakati pawo pa mtunda wa 15 masentimita;
• njira "mbuyo olowa", kukhalabe kusiyana pafupifupi 3 cm.

Komanso, mipata atsala pakati pa joists ndi pamalo n'kupuma makoma, ndi mafelemu. Kusiyana ndi osachepera 3 cm. Ngati joists ndi anaika perpendicular malangizo a kuda, ndi ndondomeko unsembe muzisiyira kusiyana yaing'ono. Iwo zili pa maziko a masitepe kuti atsogolere zofalitsa za madzi.

Kuika kuvala

Matabwa ayenera kukhomeredwa joists, kuona ndi imeneyi ya 1 cm. Siyani mipata ayenera kumasula ndi "ntchito" ya mtengo. Kotero izo zimayendera wodalirika kwambiri ndi cholimba atagona kuvala. The Malamulo kupereka kuti lisaoneke adzalola bolodi kuti ziume bwino ndi ufulu pathupi pa kukhudzana ndi madzi a mvula amadzaza popanda mapindikidwe. Pakuti chikukonzekera, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zosapanga dzimbiri, zomangira mkuwa, ndipo mwina nthawi zina kogwirizana zomatira. Palinso kukhazikitsidwa njira m'munsi, momwe zizindikiro kunja fixation zosaoneka. Koma ichi m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zikuni zopangidwa pulasitiki, zomwe si kuyamwa chinyontho. Monga ulamuliro, izi ndi zida wapadera anaikira unit bwalo.

zimfundo kufutukuka

Pamene ntchito ndi zimfundo nkhuni kuwonjezeka ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa cholephera kungachititse kuti kupotoza ndi akulimbana. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati anachita atagona matabwa kuvala ku larch. Malangizo mu nkhani iyi, kumafuna grouting skirting tepi kapena polystyrene. Kusindikiza zachitika vertically, ndi kudzazidwa ndi zimfundo ndi amayika matabwa khoma. Mu anapezazo ndi Anadzaza kutalika n'kofunika kuganizira kuti lisaoneke akhoza kukwaniritsa kupotoza ikukhudzana ndipo osati kwa mtengo, komanso slab konkire.

Standard china chotulutsa m'lifupi gawo 1.5 cm. Iwo amachita ntchito separators ❖ kuyanika mu rectangles kapena mabwalo. Mu dongosolo ili zovuta pafupipafupi ayenera zosiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana 2-5 m. Kusankha sitepe kukula nawonso amakhudza mbali ya kuwala kumene anakonza atagona kuvala. Malangizo limanena kuti wamkulu Kutentha matabwa zambiri pa mbali kum'mwera kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera. Choncho, m'madera otere desirably anachita sutures pa intervals a 2 m.

magawanidwe

❖ kuyanika akhale wabwino makope mpweya. Kuti tichite zimenezi, timaona ulamuliro chimodzi chokha: niches ufulu mu malo kumene joists ndi anakumana ndi zapansi mbale ayenera kukhala ulesi. Izi zimathandiza unobstructed mpweya voids mu dongosolo kuthandiza yazokonza pansi nkhuni. Koma izi amangonena za milandu ndi slabs simenti kapena zogwiriziza ena amene wokwera mwachindunji joists ndi kuvala. Kuika manja ake pa nthaka komanso amapereka oyamba kulengedwa delimiting mwala kumathandiza kuchepetsa. Direct kukhudzana matabwa yazokonza pansi ndi kwanthawi ndi udzu kapena pansi sikuloledwa. Pakuti makope akadakwanitsira, Mulimonsemo m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kusiyana lotseguka 3 cm amalimidwa wozungulira.

anatsekera malekezero

Pa chomaliza matabwa ogwiritsa amamangiriridwa kuphimba anapanga chidutswa kukongoletsa maonekedwe. Mbiri pamwamba pa malekezero a madera chatsekedwa, komanso zinthu F woboola pakati. N'zotheka Mwaichi ntchito lamba wapadera, opangidwa kuchokera ku ma polima. Mwachitsanzo, njira yothetsera mulingo woyenera khonde kungakhale polypropylene kapena polyethylene. Pakona mapeto a KDP 3 × 3 × 0.5 masentimita chili ndi zomangira ndi korona semicircular ndi kukula 0,4 × 3 cm.

Akuchita ntchito izi ndi zofunika osati mawu a aesthetics, komanso kusintha kudalirika kwa ❖ kuyanika - ndi khalidwe kusindikiza akhoza kuthetsa kufala kwa ming'alu ndi zilema zina, amene akuvutika mavuto anaika kuvala. Kuika manja ake amalola akulozera-kufikako kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu kudzudzulidwa chivundikirocho. ntchito amenewa, ndi zofunika kuchita lisanathe ophatikizidwa mbiri ndi ngodya, mwinamwake dongosolo adzakhala osalimba.

Komanso musaiwale za kapangidwe ntchito Malinga limiters ndi mbiri mtundu yazokonza pansi ndi makoma. Nthawi zambiri zinthu izi amagulitsidwa unpainted, kotero muyenera kukhala okonzeka pasadakhale ndi abwino utoto zikuchokera kulocha.

Technology kosatayana atagona

Njira imeneyi ogwiritsa masitepe zitha kukhala phunziro kwa ntchito chuma chapadera. kuvala Izi ndi mbiri wapadera kwa kulumikiza wopanda msoko. The fasteners chachikulu ndi anachita ntchito kudziletsa pogogoda zomangira. Ogwiritsa anazindikira kwanthawi kapena transversely kapena diagonally - milandu onse ❖ kuyanika ndi mokwanira mkulu kudalirika. Ambiri, wopanda msoko kuika zinthu kuvala amafuna pawiri mwa njira ya lilime ndi poyambira.

Pambuyo kukonza gulu loyamba wokwera kutsatira - kotero kuti Mbiri machesi. Kosatayana kuphatikana dongosolo ali ndi maonekedwe kwambiri zokongoletsa ndi sikutanthauza processing zina ndi chitetezo. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a kuvala cholimba ❖ kuyanika akhoza kupangidwa mu zaka 20. The kuipa uyu akufanana makongoletsedwe anakweza chisindikizo, nchifukwa chake mavuto mpweya wabwino. Koma vuto ili anathana ndi kupanga dzenje mwake choposa kakakulu zomangira. Izi, poyamba ndi zofunika kuti apeze matenthedwe patsogolo bolodi.

Pomaliza

Kuti munthu aganiza kuti apereke malo m'dera kaso ndi odalirika bwalo ndi ofunika kwambiri a mafunso. Izi kusankha zinthu, ndi kudziwa machenjerero Kusinthaku, komanso kufufuza njira zothetsera kukongoletsa. Mokulira mayankho a mafunso amenewa kudziwa makhalidwe khalidwe la bwalo. Makongoletsedwe chomwecho sayambitsa vuto kwambiri, koma ngati mutsatira malangizo a kuphedwa ake, kuti mtsogolo ntchito imene imachitika sadzakhala kukhumudwitsa kunyumba handyman.