Kusambira ngati masewera. Mbiri ndi chitukuko cha kusambira ngati masewera

Lero, pamene zosiyanasiyana umisiri anayamba ndi liwiro chosaneneka, akumaona mpikisano wosambira mayiko ena - uyu si chatsopano. Zikwi kapena ngakhale miyanda amaonetsa nawo kuti othamanga. Zikuoneka kuti kusambira ngati masewera anabadwa posachedwapa. Mfundo ndi. Kumene, anthu aphunzira tiwolokere ndi kuyenda pa icho ndithu kalekale, koma masewera anali kusambira ina. Mwa zina, ndi Dziwani kuti ndi zothandiza chamoyo. Njira yabwino kwa kuwonda ntchito ndi ambiri ngati zophweka kwambiri. Tsopano masewera ayamba kutchuka. Wokongola luso kusambira, zochititsa chidwi Freestyle kupikisana sitingakane. Kodi ndiliti pomwe kusambira ngati masewera ndinabadwa ndipo wakhala wotchuka? ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo masitaelo chiyani? khalidwe la kusambira kukhala masewera ndi chiyani? Zonsezi adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

m'badwo

Asayansi apeza kuti kalelo anabadwa kusambira. Monga masewera kapena mokakamiza ndi - sakudziwika. Zojambula pa makoma a mapanga apezeka, amene mwina kwa zaka 5000 BC. e. anthu akale anaona kuti nyama zambiri amatha kusuntha mwa madzi, ndipo anatenga ulamuliro pa luso limeneli. Mukhoza ndikuganiza, kalembedwe yoyamba inali njira kusambira "ngati galu". Iwo wakhalapo kwa ndithu nthawi yayitali, mpaka icho kuimirira breaststroke. Ndipo kunakhala maziko zaluso onse wotsatira. Mu chitukuko wakale anayamba kusambira wotchuka kwambiri. Baibulo limatchula koyamba olembedwa kunayamba 2000 BC. e. , Imatchedwanso kuti ku Roma wakale, kusambira maziko a kuphunzitsa mpikisanowo, kuphatikizapo amene anali nawo Games Olympic. Koma mbiri ya chilikupita monga masewera kunayamba kwa zaka XV-XVI. Zinali ndiye kuti Mpikisano woyamba inachitika.

Motero, kusambira kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale anthu akale ntchito kusuntha mwa madzi. Kusambira kusinthika, masitayilo atsopano, ndipo ndinayamba masewera. Si zachilendo, mbiri Panyanja ngati masewera ngati kuthamanga. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga kufunikira woyamba ndipo patapita nthawi yambiri kuthamanga pa masewera. Kusambira ndi lero mmodzi wa magulu otchuka ndi otchuka. Ambiri ntchito monga masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa kuwonda ndi kusintha thanzi.

Mbiri ya masitaelo

Monga tanenera kale pa chiyambi, pamene kubadwa zinachitika kusambira, izo zimayenera kokha kalembedwe chimodzi - "galu." Koma ndiye anadza breaststroke zomwe kuyambitsa mitundu yatsopano. Yotsatira kalembedwe zitsulo mbali. Miyendo pamene kusambira anafanana lumo. Kenako anthu anayamba kusambira overarm, omwe amaloledwa kukhala waukulu poyerekeza liwiro zina. Kenako John Trejo mu 1783 anapanga kalembedwe lokhala ndi dzina lake. Ndiye pali mpikisano anali wotchuka kwambiri, ndi njira yatsopano analola kukhazikitsa timva dziko ambiri, kuphatikizapo mlengi wake. Ndiyeno, potsiriza, panali kukwawa. Iye England "anabweretsa" Richard Cavill ku Australia. Posakhalitsa, kalembedwe anamuzindikira ngati yachangu, kodi lero. Today kwambiri za kutchuka momwemo.

kukwawa

Kroll - ndi kalembedwe kusambira pa mimba yake. Pamene ntchito lamanzere ndi lamanja ziwalo imakhudzidwa alternately. Manja kupanga nkhafi ndikupita motsatira olamulira pa nthawi, pamene miyendo amaukitsidwa ndi adatchithisira. Ndizovuta poyerekeza masitayilo ena zida. Nkhope ya kusambira ayenera kukhala mu madzi ndi kuwuka kupitirira kokha kuchita mpweya. Kroll imatengedwa kuti ndi yachangu mitundu kusambira. Pa mpikisano pali lingaliro la "Freestyle" imene othamanga ndi ufulu kupita njira akufuna, koma kusankha kuti imakwawa.

Chifukwa chakuti mutu ndi adatchithisira m'madzi, manja ake akhoza kupanga mkwapulo kwambiri, ndipo ndithu anasonyeza pa liwiro la. Ngati Tikayerekeza ndi kukwawa kutsogolo kusambira pa nsana wake, woyamba mofulumira monga choncho. Pamene kufanizitsa ndi gulugufe yamasika komanso wotaya chifukwa chakuti ntchito zimagwiritsa manja ndi thupi si kuthandiza. Yunifolomu mathamangitsidwe n'chotheka mu Crawley, kumathandiza othamanga kwa maulendo ataliatali pa liwiro osatopa nthawi yomweyo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Iwo likukhalira kuti kukwawa zayamba kwa nthawi yaitali. Poyamba, anali ntchito Amwenye. Ndipo Europe anakumana naye mu 1844, pamene Achimereka anagonjetsa osambira British. Anagonjetsa koma othamanga onyada sanafune ntchito kalembedwe watsopano, chifukwa iwo ankaona "woipitsitsawu" chifukwa wambirimbiri kutsitsi. Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa kusambira ngati masewera, makamaka, masitaelo, ndi Nthawi chachirendo chotero.

Pambuyo kalulu Australia anaonekera American, chifukwa kusinthako. Ndi atsopano lero ndi "Freestyle". Udindo kuyambira mu Crawley - "njoo", osambira ndi inatembenuka pansi, miyendo anaweramuka, mikono anatambasula m'mwamba.

breaststroke

Monga tanenera kale, zinali Mkuwa anayamba kusintha kwa 'galu ngati "kalembedwe ndi maziko othandiza ena onse. Akusambira ngati masewera, sipangakhalenso popanda izo. Izo zinayambira maonekedwe kwa nthawi yaitali: woyamba anthu fano ntchito kalembedwe ofanana ndi mkuwa, ndipo anatulukira mu Aigupto ndi "Cave wa osambira". Painting anafotokoza kuti pafupifupi 9000 BC. e. Imatchedwanso chithunzi chimasonyeza asilikali Asuri, pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, koma fano analengedwa mu zaka 1292-1225. BC. e. Dane Nicolas Vinman mu 1538 mmodzi wa breaststroke choyamba anafotokoza m'buku lake. Wotchuka "yakutsogolo yamba" miyendo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito cha m'ma XIX.

Mu mpikisano zosiyanasiyana kalembedwe breaststroke zambiri anapambana anali Russian ndi Soviet othamanga. The Olympic kalembedwe masewera zinalembedwa yekha mu 1904, kenako anatenga kusambira mu mamita 402. Amuna Only nawo. Ndiye kusambira ngati ndi Olympic masewera chiyambi cha chitukuko. Kale otsatirawa masewera mtunda zochepa 200 m. Pakuti Mpikisano akazi inachitika kuyambira 1924 pa mtunda wofanana. Ndipo mu 1968, othamanga mpikisano wa mamita 100.

gulugufe

Gulugufe - ndiye kuti akusambira mimba, m'modzi wa masitaelo kovuta kwambiri. Chosasangalatsa ndi zovuta. Dzinali amachokera ku mawu "gulugufe". Inde, pali kufanana angapezeke, makamaka chifukwa cha khalidwe dzanja sitiroko. Mosiyana kalulu, dzanja kupanga mkwapulo pa nthawi yomweyo, kulera thupi pamwamba pa madzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo izo zikuchitika mpweya kwambiri. Miyendo ndi mafupa a chiuno ndi kusamukira ku mafunde, kupereka mathamangitsidwe wa. Ngakhale kuti ntchito - mmodzi wa ovuta kwambiri, koma Gulugufe ali wachiwiri Pamwalawo liwiro. kusiyana Aika kwa kalulu - ndiye kuti mathamangitsidwe mu izo m'goli chifukwa cha lakuthwa sitiroko dzanja.

N'zochititsa chidwi gulugufe - breaststroke bwino. Poyamba, osambira wa anazindikira kuti liwiro zazikulu n'zomveka kuti akweze manja awo pamwamba pa madzi. thupi ndi mapazi kuyenda kenako m'malo mwa omasuka ndi masoka.

Monga tanenera kale, njira gulugufe ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo amafuna ntchito zabwino. Izi ndi woopedwa ndi atsopano ambiri. Phunzirani kuphatikiza kuyenda ndi manja ake ndi mapazi, komanso mpweya ndi monga inu kutulutsa - ndi kovuta, ambiri kupita kukwawa ndi. Ngakhale ambiri masitayilo ena n'kofunika mwaukadaulo zolondola kuphedwa, Gulugufe, kuwonjezera chofunika mphamvu.

N'zovuta undulation thupi alipo (ngati kuganizira masitaelo kudziwika) gulugufe yekha. Chifukwa kusambira ndi masewera ana - osati Njira.

Zida ndi miyezo

Kusambira kalembedwe aliyense chovala mofanana: chipewa, magalasi, kusambira makungwa kapena zinaphatikizidwa swimsuit (kwa amuna kapena akazi, motero), amagwiritsidwanso wetsuits. Iwo anayamba kuoneka mu 2000s ndi. ndipo anawagawa mitundu: kwa khosi ndi akakolo, kwa khosi ndi mawondo, gidroshtany, zazifupi kusambira. Mu 2010 FINA (FINA) laletsa synthetics. Kotero tsopano ankangomva nsalu.

Kusambira ngati masewera lero ikuchitika m'madamu 50 kapena 25 mita. Mpikisano ambiri ikuchitikira amasambira breaststroke ndi kukwawa. Mwachitsanzo, pa dzinja Olympic, ndi Championships World, Universiade, World Cup. Last pachaka.

malamulo:

• kukwawa (Aka Freestyle): 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 mamita;
• Gulugufe: 50 m, 100 m, 200 mamita;
• Mkuwa: 50 m, 100 m, 200 mamita;
• kumbuyo: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m.

Kodi kusankha

Amene ukuyamba kumene kusambira, sikuti mwaukadaulo, mtengo tiyese kukwawa. Koma kwa anthu amene sangathe ngakhale kukhala pa madzi, muyenera kuyamba ndi kalembedwe "galu." Iye ndiye, ngati inu muyang'ana, ndi magwero ena onse. Ndiye moyenera, muyenera kupita kukwawa kutsogolo kapena breaststroke, mungapezeko ndi kusiya.

Pool kapena nyanja maganizo

Ngati kusankha pakati pa nyanja ndi dziwe, Yankho wopezeka sangakhale. Koma njira yoyamba palibe ku Russia kwambiri, kapena zotheka m'chilimwe.

Ngati mukufuna kusambira mwaukadaulo ofunika kupita Konzekani mu dziwe losambira. Komanso pamalowa mungathe kuphunzitsa chaka chonse ndi kophweka kagwiridwe ndi muziyendayenda madzi munthaka. Komabe, makalasi a zofufuzafufuza, mukhoza kusankha ndi matupi lotseguka madzi. Choncho, mafunde nyanja ndi mphepo zimalepheretsa achilengedwe, ndi madzi amabweretsa thanzi labwino. Ngati dziwe muli kulipira tikiti, malo lotseguka ali ankalamulira. Aliyense amasankha Muziyesetsa ndi zokonda. Komabe, chongopeka analenga dziwe ndi otetezeka, nthawi zambiri, pali anapereka Owapulumutsa. Ndipo mu madzi lotseguka zikuoneka kupirira panopa mbazimala kufa m'madzi. An zosinthika abwino ndi kuphatikiza.

Ameneyo ndi chidwi mbiri ya masewera. Kusambira chotchuka kwambiri, koma pali khalidwe lina, lomwe ndi zogwirizana. Kenako tikambirana awiri otchuka kwambiri.

Triathlon

Kusambira, kupalasa njinga, akuthamanga ngati masewera otchedwa triathlon. Dzinali odziwikiratu. Sport anaonekera osati kale, iye anayamba kuchoka mu zaka 1920-1930. Pamene France anali ndi analogue a triathlon lero La Ndithudi des Debrouillards. Pamene akuthamanga ndi 3 wa makilomita njinga - 12, ndi pamadzi ndi zinachitikadi kudutsa njira Marne. Mwatsoka, akamva za triathlon sanali yoyamba mu 1930 mpaka 1974, pamene United States gulu la anzanga othamanga kapena ophatikizidwa ndi club aliyense m'bungwe kumene akupita limodzi. Zinaimira masewera angapo, kutanthauza athamanga, kupalasa ndi kusambira. Anzanu inayamba kulinganiza mpikisano. Choncho, mpikisano woyamba unachitika September 25, 1974, imene nawo 46 othamanga. Poyamba njinga mtundu unachitikira 180,2 Km athamangadi - 42,2 Km; kusambira - 3,86 Km.

Ophunzira yaitali kukangana zimene masewera wofunika kupirira pazipita. Motero, m'nkhani anapezeka pamenepo kudanenedwa kuti wopalasa njinga Eddi Merks anali mlingo wapamwamba wa mowa oxygen. Ndi masewera anamuzindikira wofunika kupirira pazipita. Triathlon zinatchuka kwambiri kuti ambiri kuganiza kulolerana wake mu pulogalamuyi Olympic. Machesi ambiri anayesedwa pansi muyezo: 1.5 km / 40 Km / 10 Km. Standard anayamba mtundu wotsogolera Jim potelani triathlon m'ma 80s.

maloboti kusambira

Mwina, maloboti kusambira kukhala masewera ndi wina wa maphunziro wokongola kwambiri. akazi okhaokha zambiri nawo, koma posachedwapa anagwirizana amuna. Zofunika maloboti kusambira - uchita coherent gulu, kaphatikizidwe kuk ndi kulumpha. Katundu thupi kwambiri. M'pofunika kugwira wambirimbiri nthawi maphunziro iyende bwino. othamanga Russian atsogoleri mpira, kuwakonzekeretsa wofanana Otsutsa onse.

Komabe, kuwonjezera pa mavuto muyezo luso ndi thupi, pali wapadera: kovuta kupuma pa mawu ake. Zokhazikika, ndipo nthawi zambiri, ndipo ambiri amafuna submersion mpweya kugwira wambirimbiri nthawi. Pofuna kuteteza mapapo, othamanga ndi kuvala mphuno clamps wapadera.

Koma achokera kumene maloboti kusambira ngati masewera?

nkhani

Monga mukudziwa, kwambiri za mwambo analengedwa mu Greece. Ndipo maloboti kusambira zimachokera kumeneko, pamene gulu la anyamata ndi atsikana bwalo kuvina pa madzi. Only kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. zinali chiyambi cha maloboti kusambira. Kenako mu England anakhazikitsako gulu la osambira, amuna amene anachita zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa m'madzi. A mpikisano woyamba bungwe mu 1891 mu Berlin. Ndiye luso kusambira, monga timati anayamba chitukuko. Ndipo mu 1952, adakhala ziwonetsero pa Games Olympic, kenako masewera dzina lake maloboti kusambira. Chaka chomwecho, komiti zogwirizana unakhazikitsidwa komaliza. A mpikisano woyamba wa mayiko chinachitika mu 1958. Mu ndondomeko ya kusambira Games Olympic maloboti m'gulu yekha mu 1984.

A chilikupita wolemera zosiyanasiyana monga masewera. Mbiri ndi chitukuko kubwerera akale. Lero, kuk ayamba kutchuka pakati pa anthu okhala m'dzikomo. Aliyense angapeze chinachake mungakonde chifukwa chakuti mitundu yambirimbiri. Maloboti kusambira ndi okongola kwambiri triathlon wolemera zosiyanasiyana amalanga ndi mpikisano mwachizolowezi akhala tingachipeze powerenga. Ambiri zikugwira kusambira zofufuzafufuza, makolo kutumiza ana awo zibonga. History of kusambira ngati masewera akupitiriza chitukuko yogwira lero.