Kupuma dongosolo. Kapangidwe, ntchito ndi bronchi a m'mapapo, zimavulaza

Bronchi ndi mapapo. kapangidwe

Bronchi otchedwa nthambi zonse anakafika ku trachea a. Masomphenya iwo amapanga "bronchial mtengo". Iwo ali wolowezana chake analamula kuti anthu onse ndi ofanana.

Mu malo a gulu la trachea ndi pafupifupi mlingo woyenerera ikuchokera awiri bronchi chachikulu, aliyense amene anatumizidwa ku chipata cha lamanzere ndi lamanja m'mapapo, motero. mawonekedwe awo zimasiyanasiyana. Choncho, bronchus chatsalira pafupifupi kawiri bola lamanja kale. Ichi ndi chifukwa chimene narrowness wa malowedwe yachangu ya wothandizila matenda mu njira m'munsi kupuma kupyolera sakhalitsa lonse bwino bronchus chachikulu. Makoma a nthambi zimenezi anakonza ngati mpanda wa trachea ndi zigwirizana inakula Mitsemphayi cartilaginous mphete. Komabe, mosiyana ndi trachea ndi, bronchus mphete chichereŵechereŵe nthawi kutsekedwa. Mpanda wa nthambi kumanzere kuwerenga kuchokera mphete inayi kapena khumi ndi mpanda wa nthambi bwino - kuchokera sikisi eyiti. Pamwamba mkati yokutidwa ndi waukulu bronchi mucous dongosolo Kakhungu ndi ntchito amene ali ofanana ndi tracheal mucosa. Munthu wotere nthambi zazikulu (malinga ndi utsogoleri wolowezana) nthambi ya kugwirizana m'munsi. Njirazi ndi monga:

bronchi kugwirizana chachiwiri (zonal),

bronchi ya citatu kugwirizana kachisanu (segmental ndi subsegmental)

bronchi ku chimodzi mlingo chakhumi ndi chisanu (zing'onozing'ono)

ndi mwachindunji zokhudzana m'mapapo minofu osachiritsika bronchioles (iwo ali wochepa thupi ndi zazing'ono). Iwo amapita mu m'mapapo mwanga ndime alveoli ndi kupuma.

Ordinal Chigawo cha mtengo bronchial limafanana ndi gulu la minofu ya m'mapapo.

Mapapo ndi gawo osachiritsika a dongosolo kupuma ndipo wophatikizidwa ziwalo kupuma. Iwo zili pamtima M'mimbamo pa mbali ya chiwalo zovuta ongokhala mtima, msempha, vena cava ndi ziwalo zina mediastinum. Kuwala, akubwera mu kukhudzana ndi khoma pamaso pa chifuwa ndi msana, zatenga malo lalikulu pamtima patsekeke. Mawonekedwe a kumanja ndi kumanzere sali yemweyo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu kuwala bwino ndi chiwindi ndi lamanzere mu M'mimbamo a chifuwa ndi mtima. Choncho, kumanja kwa kanthawi ndipo m'lifupi, ndipo phokoso lake ndi wamkulu kuposa buku la kumanzere kwa gawo khumi. Mapapo zili kumanja ndi kumanzere pleural sac motero. Pleura - ndi woonda filimu, yomwe imakhala ndi minofu connective. Limafotokoza chifuwa M'mimbamo kuchokera mkati ndi kunja (mu mapapo ndi mediastinum). Pakati pa mkati ndi kunja filimu ndi wapadera, kwambiri amachepetsa mphamvu mikangano pa kupuma kondomu. Mapapo ndi mawonekedwe conical. Mfundo thupi protrude pang'ono (awiri kapena atatu masentimita) chifukwa nthiti woyamba kapena phewa. malire awo kumbuyo lili ndi chiwiri linkawonongeka khomo lachiberekero. Malire m'munsi anatsimikiza mtima percussion.

ntchito

Bronchus - chiwalo kuti ndiye ali ndi udindo yobereka mpweya kwa alveoli wa trachea a. Komanso nawo mu mapangidwe chifuwa reflex, imene anachokera ku matupi ang'ono ena ndi particles lalikulu fumbi. Zoteteza ntchito bronchus operekedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa cilia ndi wambirimbiri ntchofu tochoka. Chifukwa ziwalo zimenezi ana wamfupi chepera kuposa anthu achikulire, blockage awo ndi kutupa ambirimbiri ntchofu n'kosavuta. The bronchus ntchito mulinso processing wa mpweya umene ukubwerawo. ziwalo zimenezi wothira ndi kutenthetsa iye.

Mosiyana ndi ntchito ya bronchi, mapapu udindo yobweretsa mwachindunji mpweya magazi, mwa kupuma ACS ndi nembanemba wa alveoli lapansi.

Nthawi zambiri pali madandaulo a ululu bronchi ndi. Choncho m'pofunika kukhazikitsa chifukwa cha asayembekezere. zomverera otere amayamba ndi matenda m'mapapo mwanga ndi zifukwa zina. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti ngakhale minofu m'mapapo mwanga kapena bronchial machubu alibe misempha kwenikweni, kotero "kuwawa" sindingakhoze. chifukwa mwina ubongo, minofu kapena khalidwe fupa.