Kunstkamera - kowonera zakale ndi bungwe yophunzitsa

Chaka chatha, Museum wa Anthropology ndi Ethnography dzina la Petra Velikogo chikondwerero zaka 300. Ndi wolowa boma la m'nyumbayi anthu onse yoyamba mu Russia, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Mfumu mu 1714. Kunstkamera - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu lonse ndi wamkulu zakale ethnographic, mu thumba lake makope oposa 1.2 miliyoni.

Monga iwo

Mu maganizo a Mlengi, iye anakhala ndi wochititsa ganizo sayansi Ulaya anthu Russian. Kunstkamera - Museum zachokera chitsanzo cha ku Ulaya. Chifukwa cha khamu zosonkhanitsira litapita ndi Peter Ine za mgwirizano wa mayiko ulendo woyamba ku Ulaya pansi pa "Great ofesi ya kazembe". Pamaso pake, palibe m'modzi ku tsars Russian osati anayesa pitani Europe.

Chaka lonse, Peter ndinali kunja incognito ngati wapolisi Petra Mihaylova, pamodzi ndi ofesi ya kazembe anapita mayiko. Iye anaphunzira maofesi munthu deta asayansi, analankhula ndi akatswiri European, kuitana ntchito mu Russia, anaphunzira malonda kufanana ndi sayansi. Peter anatenga ulendo wachiwiri patatha zaka makumi awiri.

Peter Woyamba mu Europe

Mumadziwika tsatanetsatane wa maulendo ake amene ali khalidwe la zofuna zake. Mwachitsanzo, m'mene anafika ku Dresden madzulo, Peter, pambuyo pa ola lomwelo la usiku anapita chakudya timudziwe bwino mndandanda wa Kunstkammer, kumene iye anakhala mpaka m'mawa, ankaphunzira gawo la zida masamu ndi zipangizo luso. Akusonyeza Kunstkammer chidwi kwambiri mu izo, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu tsiku anakhala ku Dresden ataonera Zochita asilikali, zida ndi foundry nyumba, iye chabwezedwa kwa Iwo.

Mu Netherlands, atamva kuti wokhometsa ankasunga sarcophagus Roma, Russian mfumu anasonyeza kuti akufuna kumuona. Pambuyo kuchoka kwa mwini olembedwa kuti Peter Wamkulu ndi ulemu kuona udindo wake, koma atamva kuti chinthu akukhala m'kabati adamfunsa candelabras ndi makandulo ndipo anafufuza bokosi lonse ndipo ena zithunzi zake, atagwada.

ufulu pakhomo

Lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Kunstkammer sanali, koma maziko a nyumbayi amagwirizana ndi dongosolo la Peter Ine kusamukira ku St. Petersburg zosonkhanitsira payekha ndi laibulale, komanso mndandanda wa "naturals" ndi mabuku Aptekarskaya ofesi.

Zosonkhanitsa akhala anaikidwa pa Chilimwe Palace ya mfumu, ndipo kenako mu 1719, - mu zipinda za inalandidwa Boyar Kikin, m'chaka chomwecho Kunstkamery zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anali poyera kupezeka pa malamulo a mfumu.

Monga nthano zakale, Peter Ine, analowa Museum ndi rarities, analengeza kuti tsopano aliyense ali ndi mwayi kuti ndizolowere ndi chipangizo cha thupi la munthu ndi nyama, komanso kufufuza tizilombo zambiri, anthu kuyang'ana pa dziko osiyanasiyana a anthu padzikoli. Wothandizira mfumu Earl Yaguzhinskii anaona kuti Curiosities (St. Petersburg) akufunika thandizo la ndalama ndipo anapereka kwa zingati pa ulendo chifukwa dola imodzi. Mfumu ya pempholo sanali, ndipo anaganiza kuchita zosiyana, aliyense alendo amene anabwera kuchitira ndi tiyi, khofi kapena mowa wamphamvu. Posachedwapa zinyama mkulu wa chaka anali allocated 400 rubles kuchitira alendo. mwambo umenewu wakhala bwino ndipo analipo pa nthawi ya ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny - onse makalasi, popanda yekha, akhoza kubwera ndi optional phwando la khofi ndi sangweji kapena mowa wamphamvu.

Chisankho anagwa ...

Kunstkamera - zosunthika malo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho pamodzi danga yaing'ono anaziphunzitsa aliyense ndi dziko yosiyanasiyana zake zonse. Zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anasonkhana m'dziko lonselo potengera malamulo. Yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa deta kusewera ulendo zoweta maphunziro, malisiti kwa anthu kugula kuchokera kumayiko ena.

Yosonkhanitsa nthawi zonse kukula Choncho, chofunika anthambi aakulu, ndi mtunda kuchokera pakati Kikin Chambers ankaimba pansi kufunika kuti padera mu "maphunziro" ntchito ya mfumu. Malinga ndi nthano, Petulo anali kuyenda pa Vasilevsky Island ndi chinachitika muzindikire mitengo iwiri ya paini nthambi ya mmodzi wa iwo monga wamkulu mu thunthu ena, zinali zovuta kudziwa za iwo adzaupereka. zodabwitsazi, malingana ndi mwambo, nampatsa lingaliro kumanga Museum curiosities mu malo awa.

The nyumba yatsopano

Latsopano nyumba wapadera anauika 1718, mlembi wa polojekiti anali Mattarnovi. Pambuyo pake mpaka 1734 kutamandira nyimboyi amatenga wina mapulani atatu. Yomanga unali kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, Petr Veliky anapeza yekha makoma. Chaka chotsatira, atamwalira, zosonkhanitsira adagwidwa pa nyumba yosatha. Pomaliza, kumanga inatha, ndipo Europe gasped - kanthu ngati kale lonse. Izo ndinaganiza kuti popanda kukonza lalikulu anaima mpaka nthawi ino.

Kumanga miyambo anamumanga Peter Baroque, ongokhala awiri nyumba zitatu-storey, mawonekedwe a Baroque zogwiritsidwa tiered nsanja, amene ali ovuta mzikiti chokwanira.

Peter ntchito

zaka khumi pambuyo polenga yosonkhanitsa Petr Veliky zili mbali yachiwiri ya "maphunziro" ntchito. Mu 1724, Mfumu ndi Senate anakhazikitsa Academy of Sciences. Tsopano, Kunstkamera ndi Library ndi bungwe choyamba ndi "kubadwa" ya Russian Academy.

Museum wa Academy of Sciences anayamba moyo watsopano. Mkati mwa makoma ake anali anaikira zopereka wolemera, anachititsa processing sayansi ndi systematization, imayang'anira kukhudzana kutsogolera asilikali sayansi dziko - zonsezi anamupanga iye wapadera sayansi bungwe mu Europe pa gulu la ntchito sanali wapadera.

Kunstkamera - si m'munsi sayansi ya Academy of Sciences, komanso yofunika chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro bungwe. Mkati mwa makoma ake, ambiri asayansi otchuka ntchito ku Russia, pakati pawo MV Lomonosov, iye anali kufotokoza za mchere, amene zimasungika mu Museum.

owonetsera zakale zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho

anthu n'zaka sizikuwoneka malformations anthu. Osati aliyense ali nayo mphamvu kuti tipirire kupenya, zikuwoneka ngati freaks Kunstkamery: Siamese mapasa, omwe sakanakhoza kugawidwa (chithunzi mafupa) mwana wobadwa chifukwa cha pachibale, m'banja, ndi ena. Komanso mu chithunzi cha analanda chisoti matabwa, amene anabweretsedwa kuchokera Alaska (Mithila chilumba). Mongolian asing'anga ntchito chikhale chitoliro kuchokera femur anthu. Gimmick akutumikira tiyi Chinese, zithupsa kwa dzuwa. Pali Wamkulu maphunziro (Gottorp) Globe, iye imabereka panopa kasinthasintha limagwirira ndi zakuthambo matchati nyenyezi mkati.

Matikiti lingathe kukopedwa pa nduna ya Curiosities ku 11:00 kuti 17:00 tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lolemba, pa adiresi zotsatirazi: University Embankment, 3.