Kuma-Manych Depression: photos, kumene, makamaka

Depression, mabuku m'nkhaniyi ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi chosiyana chifukwa mbali yake yeniyeni achilengedwe. Terms of malo awa imavuta kwambiri, koma chidwi. Apa mwachidule kufotokoza zachilendo, malo apadera kumene Kuma-Manych Depression. Kodi makhalidwe zachilengedwe ndipo zimaonetsa kuti ali, inu mukhoza kuwona pansipa.

Beseni mawu chirengedwe - malire pakati pa Caucasus ndi Russian kumveka. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti malo limeneli kalelo (mu Quaternary) analipo Khwalala, kulumikiza mabeseni ya Caspian ndipo Black Pacific.

Kuma-Manych Depression: photos, ikulongosola

Ndi ufa-M'mimbamo nkhungu tectonic dontho, amene umatilekanitsa Ciscaucasia steppe ndi malo semiarid wa gawo kum'mwera kwa East European zomveka Chili awiri yotakata lowland - Caspian ndipo Kuban-Priazovskaya.

m'lifupi ndi za 20-30 makilomita, koma mbali chapakati pali kuchepetsa wa makilomita 1-2.

Masiku ano, pali dongosolo kwambiri Madamu ndi nyanja: yaikulu mchere nyanja. Manych-Gudilo ndipo ambiri anthu ena ang'onoang'ono; Veselovskoye mosungiramo, ndi kuda p. Manych ku malire kunsi kwa mtsinje Don. Kum'mawa kwa Grand Ngalande analengedwa ndi dzina la Kuma-Manych. Ndipo m'mphepete kum'mawa kwambiri za maganizo - malire apansi Kuma mtsinje.

dzina

Chiyambi cha dzina la m'chigwa (a Kuma-Manych Depression) ndi wosavuta. Imachokera mayina a mitsinje yaikulu likuyenderera mu gawo la m'dera - Kuma ndi Manych.

mpumulo wa gawolo

M'mimbamo ali ndi ufa tectonic chiyambi tinatengera kwa zolakwa zone chapansi. Mbiri ya chitukuko inachokera ku pasanathe zaka 250 miliyoni.

The mtunda ndi pafupifupi pomwepo.

Kuma-Manych maganizo ali pamwamba kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati. Kudera limeneli umachokera ku mudzi wa Olimba Mtima m'mudzimo. Zunda Tolga. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale mlingo ndi kutalika kwa pang'ono mamita oposa 20 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Natural mtunda

M'dera lino nyengo kotentha chokhala ndi pachaka mpweya anafika pafupifupi 650 mm. Pa nthawi ofunda chaka ndi kutentha ndi mkulu ndi wambirimbiri evaporation. Kuchuluka kutentha kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa, ndi buku la mpweya, Tikawonetsetsa kucheperachepera mbali imodzi.

The dothi makamaka chernozem ndi mgoza. A mbali yaing'ono ya m'gawo ndi nkhalango-steppe zomera, ndi otsala, ochulukirapo - theka chipululu ndi steppe. maganizo analima dziko m'malo osiyanasiyana pa 60 ndi 90% ya malo okwana.

Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera

Kuma-Manych maganizo makamaka chifukwa chachikulu analima madera ake, kudula mitengo ikuluikulu ndi odyetserako tima zachitika kuno kusintha kwakukulu ndithu mawu a kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okhutira madzi, ndipo ndi mitsinje yaing'ono.

Pa zaka 100 zapitazi, utali wonse wa mitsinje awa anatsika ndi oposa 50%.

More mwachindunji - chinachitika nchiyani? Zapita 35 mitsinje, ndi kutalika kwa 3 Km. Adaonongedwa chifukwa mmene anthu ndi zochitika zachuma a anthu. Ambiri mwa mitsinje otsala anayamba m'munsi madzi okhutira kuposa kale, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi okhazikika pamwamba otaya tsopano yekha m'chaka.

Pofuna kupereka kwa desalination ndi wosefukira mumtsinje Manych analengedwa ndi njira anthu anasamutsidwa kuchokera mwatsopano madzi mitsinje Kuban ndi Don. Ambiri mwa njira zonse mu malo awa analengedwa kuthirira zigawo louma steppe ndi kuthekera navigation pa mtsinje. West Manych.

Lero, chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mavuto a nthaka malo amenewa. Imachita kafukufuku umenewu.

Pano pali mbali ndi amakono zachilengedwe Kuma-Manych Depression.

mfundo zosangalatsa

1. maganizo Izi - ndi mtundu wa ambiri anazindikira umasinthasintha malire pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia.

2. M'madera anafotokoza m'maenje ndi zitunda za lokwera-Manych ndi boma lalikulu Rostovsky Nature Reserve (Biosphere).

Pali ikukula 78 mitundu ya zomera kuteteza: kuphatikizapo 12 a iwo kutchulidwa Russian Red Book, 77 mitundu - kutetezedwa pa maiko oyandikana. Kuyambira zonsezi, chiwerengero cha mitundu mu Red Data Buku la Kalmykia zikuphatikizapo 64 mu buku la dera Rostov - 23, Stavropol Gawo - 16, ndi Dagestan - 1 mitundu.

Chidwi ndi wapadera Kuma-Manych Depression. Chifukwa chakuti pamaso kugwirizana kudutsa chipata Manych pakati pa nyanja (a Caspian ndipo Black) wabwezeretsedwa, ndiye anasiya kachiwiri, mpumulo yamakono ya malo alipo malo awa ndi yovuta kwambiri. Pali m'madambo ambiri, zilumba ndi njira, mitsinje, zomwe ndi lalikulu, koma zovuta kwambiri ndipo wakale zachilengedwe dongosolo madzi kum'mwera gawo European la Russia.

Chidwi m'dera kufufuza zinthu zachilengedwe malo apadera kuti alenge zinthu kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.