Kulosera ndiponso kukonzekera ndalama. Finance mapulani njira. Planning Finance kwa ogwira ntchito za

mapulani Financial - chidwi chodabwitsa. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti nkhani yake kale ogwirizana ndi yankho la mavuto malonda, ku dera malonda. Koma izi sizichitika nthawi zonse. mapulani Financial mwina kuchita nzika wamba tsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi mapulani ndalama zina zabwino kulandira chithandizo chapadera? Kodi ndi mavuto mu chimango cha zinthu zogwirizana akhoza nalo chiyani?

Kodi mapulani ndalama?

mapulani Financial - lofunika kwambiri pa kasamalidwe zochitika ogwira ntchito iliyonse malonda. Business mwina bwino kukulitsa malinga ndi aligorivimu bwino chimatanthauza potengera chitsanzo, ntchito imene kumatengera zifukwa zimene pazikhala ndi poyela kwa eni kampani. Finance Planning limakupatsani correlate kuthekera kulinganiza ntchito amene anadziwotcha eni kumalo a ntchito. Zimenezi imaperekanso kampani kasamalidwe kupeza magwero a zinthu zotiyenereza chuma ndi zitsanzo bwino chibwenzi chawo.

mapulani zachuma anafuna kuti magawowa kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito mu kukhazikitsidwa kwa kufanana yoyenera pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chuma amene ali olimba. Izi zikhoza kukhala zoona, likulu, ndi chuma zofunika kupanga. Mabizinezi chinkhoswe mu kukonzekera chuma, anafotokoza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana kiyi ntchito (monga Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa ndalama, mabuku a katundu, likulu ndalama) ndi zolinga malonda panopa. Zimenezi zimathandiza kumanga chitsanzo malonda kwambiri mosamala, potengera muyezo zomveka.

Ubwino pokonza ndi kulosera

Mu zachuma, mawuwa kumatanthauza kwambiri pamaso pathu, ndicho - "kuneneratu". kulunjika ake ndi chiyani? Kodi kulosera ndiponso kukonzekera ndalama? Mokhudzana ndi awiri mawu otchulidwa tikhoza kudziwa zinthu zingapo zochititsa wamba, ndicho kukhulupirika kwa chinthu ndi zinthu zachilengedwe chuma, nkhani ya njira zofanana kapena ofanana kwa kuthetsa mavuto, zolinga kupezeka, chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi zofunika pa chitukuko ntchito.

Komabe, kulosera ndiponso kukonzekera ndalama ali chiwerengero kusiyana kwambiri. Pamene mawu akuti poyamba, silitanthauza potsatira malamulo chowululidwa. Iwo amakhala probabilistic mu chikhalidwe ndi zochepa zambiri kuposa amene anatchulidwa mu dongosolo la zachuma. Kuneneratu - ichi oyembekezera mwayi kuphunzira kumalo a ntchito, kulera - chitukuko cha ma aligorivimu, kukhazikitsa wa chimene chili chofunika chifukwa mavuto panopa anakumana ndi kasamalidwe kampaniyo.

Mukhoza kuona kuti nkhani ya madongosolo kungabweretse ntchito zina la kampani kuti osewera kunja - ndalama kapena owongolera. Choncho, mapulani zachuma anthu nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi njira okhwima kwa malipoti mabungwe kuti mwayi kwa anthu kapena zinthu zina ndalama (zambiri, bajeti) kuti matupi woyenera. Kuneneratu nayenso, sangathe kukhala maziko ulamuliro yofanana chifukwa amagwiritsa, monga taonera pamwambapa, i probabilistic, amene amachita akhoza kusiyana kwambiri anthu kumatanthauza pansi lolingana kusanthula waukuluwo.

Mu malonda dera kulosera umatchulidwatchulidwa palibe chigawo zosafuni- wa strategy malonda. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera ndalama zamalonda - ngati bungwe, kwambiri zimadalira mabuku a revenues - kwakukulukulu womangidwa basi zizindikiro m'tsogolo pa kufunika kwa ogula katundu. Kodi izo tingasonyezere? Choyamba, chakuti kasamalidwe olimba angafunike ndondomeko Kumvetsela zomwe zikugwirizana kuyembekezera kanjedza Sewerolo anafotokozedwa pa maziko a amaneneratu.

Kiyi ntchito mapulani a zachuma

Finance Planning kumatanthauza mapangidwe ntchito zina kasamalidwe kampani. Pakati pa anthu:

- kudziwika nkhokwe zomwe zingatithandize makampani kuonjezera ndalama;

- chikusintha ntchito imayenera likulu;

Khama la malumikizanidwe akadakwanitsira mitunduyi ndalama ndi dongosolo kupanga;

- kuonetsetsa mgwirizano zaphindu pakati makampani ndi mabungwe okondedwa - mabanki, ma sapulaya, makasitomala mu mbali mwa mauthenga ndalama.

Mu ndondomeko yothetsera mavuto funso, utsogoleri bungwe la akuchita ntchito zotsatira zokhudza chachikulu: kayendedwe ka likulu, malamulo chuma, ndipo ntchito mlandu (mlandu, malipoti - mkati kapena pamaso owongolera boma).

Awa ndi zolinga zikuluzikulu za mapulani ndalama. Tiyeni tsopano tione mfundo zikuluzikulu kuti akhoza kupanga maziko a ntchito zogwirizana la kumalo a ntchito.

mfundo mapulani

Phunzirani mfundo limene Zachuma akhoza akukonzekera kumalo a ntchito. Akatswiri kusiyanitsa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

- tanthauzo la zinthu zofunika;

- okhudzidwa njira kulosera;

- chiopsezo kusanthula ;

- kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro.

Taganizirani chikhalidwe chawo kwambiri.

Ponena za mfundo imeneyi, pamene Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa zinthu zofunika, makampani nthawi zambiri anakumana ndi chakuti ulimi ndi ntchito zina kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa ntchito, kupeza zovuta. Pofuna kuthetsa iwo onse, nthawi zambiri zofunika kuti aganyali zinthu zikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo njira ya ntchito kuti chitukuko ntchito maganizo, ndi bwino sekondale. kasamalidwe kampani ayenera kukhala wokhoza kuonetsetsa mbali zikuluzikulu za ntchito (ndi kuikira m'minda wawo zinthu zotiyenereza).

Mfundo ina, kumene zochokera mapulani ogwira ntchito zachuma - kulosera. Iwo akhoza akuyendera mu njira zambiri zosiyana. Izi zikhoza kukhala ulosi wa njira mkati kupanga, mmene zinthu zina - onse msika ndi boma. Njira yaikulu pano - kusanthula njira zokhudzana ndi madera ziwalo.

Chiopsezo kusanthula - chitsanzo china ndi cha mfundo m'kati kuthetsa mavuto, kupanga mapulani a zachuma. chakuti pafupifupi malonda akuyendera m'malo yodziwika ndi zina kumuopseza angathe. Kungakhale Mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha ndalama kapena kusokonekera malamulo a owongolera boma. kuopsa mfundo lina zofunika - makamaka zimaonekera ziletso Western ndi mabizinezi Russian.

Mgwirizanowu ndi ulamuliro - zitsanzo za mfundo zina zofunika kukonzekera ndalama. Kodi inu munena za iwo? Mgwirizanowu - liwu zovuta kwambiri. Tingathe kuona, pa dzanja limodzi monga bungwe la zosiyanasiyana mu ogwira ntchito mu lingaliro limodzi, pa zina - kugwiritsa ntchito wamba m'madera onse a kasamalidwe kupanga kumayambiriro mfundo chilengedwe kukhala chikhalidwe mgwirizano kufala kwa chidziwitso mwa antchito zimathandiza kuti timvetse bwino kampani zofunika chinsinsi. Control - ndi njira kuonetsetsa kutsatira ogwira ntchito ma aligorivimu ndi ogwira ntchito, zimene kuwonjezekeredwa mu mapulani ziwalo.

njira kukonzekera

Timaphunzira zimene kodi njira ya mapulani a zachuma. Pali njira zambiri gulu lawo. Pamalo amalonda Russian ambiri ndithu amene zachokera Chigawo cha ntchito mawu a malangizo awo: pansi pamwamba (kuchokera mayunitsi Kumvetsela ku bukhuli), kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, komanso mwa kukhazikitsa potsimikizira-njira, antchito kampani ndi kuzisamalira. Tidzaphunzira njira izi za mapulani ndi chuma chambiri.

Ponena mutakonzekera mu "pansi-mmwamba" chiwembu, mapulani yoyenera kupanga akatswiri woyenera wa nyumba wamng'ono, zochokera zotsatira za kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane njira yopanga.

The ntchito njira imeneyi ndiye kuti Kapangidwe ka zogwirizana ma aligorivimu chitukuko bizinesi adzakhala mwatsatanetsatane, kuphatikizapo mokoma zing'onozing'ono ambiri omwe mwina patapita kukhala yofunika kwambiri mawu kuthetseratu mavuto kupanga.

Yachiwiri njira amafuna kuti kasamalidwe kampani imagwiritsidwa ambiri, ntchito cilamulo, ndi transmits nawo nyumba Kumvetsela ku mfundo zinanso ndi structuring mawu a mtundu yoyenera chitukuko ndalama. The ntchito njira imeneyi ndiye kuti dongosolo adzakhala poyamba kuthetsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri njira, monga msika malo a milandu kampani (mu nkhani yoyamba akatswiri a magulu a m'dera kukhala zachilendo kapena lingaliro lolakwika la izo), ndi kulunjika kwa mogwirizana ndi angongole ndi ndalama (chimodzimodzi, antchito nyumba Kumvetsela mwina kudziwa mfundo zina zabwino zogwirizana).

Chiwembu lachitatu amakhala ndi chinkhoswe munthawi yomweyo mfundo zikuluzikulu za woyamba awiri. Choncho, limamutchula ubwino kiyi wa onse - kukonzekera njira, zachuma, kutenga zinthu nkhani zodziwika kokha kwa eni, komanso mwatsatanetsatane njira malonda.

Izo zikhoza kusokoneza kampani nthawi zonse pansi chiwembu lachitatu, chifukwa bwino choncho? Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa Mwachitsanzo, kugwilizana ndi zovuta zinsinsi malonda kumalo a ntchito. Choncho, kasamalidwe kampani sikuti ndi mwayi kubweretsa chidwi deta Kumvetsela ogwira ntchito zokhudza ngongole katundu wa kampani, kapena mfundo kunyezimiritsa mogwirizana makampani ndi mabizinezi. Pankhaniyi, zikuoneka kuti ankaipembedza script "pansi kukwera" mu maonekedwe ake angwiro.

mapulani Zida

Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa njira zazikulu ndi zimenezi kukonzekera zachuma. Market chuma - chodabwitsa ankatanthauza ubale mpikisano pakati osewera mu makamaka gawo malonda. Pole udindo Mosakayikira ku makampani amene adzatha ntchito zipangizo zothandiza kwambiri mbali ya malangizo othandiza kuthetsa mavuto lokhudzana ndi kukonza mapulani ndalama. Mwa kuphunzira zipangizo zomwe angagwiritse ntchito ntchito mu mawu a malangizo pansi zinthu moganizira.

kusanthula

Mwa ambiri ndipo chopambana - kuwunika chuma. chida Izi zinathandiza kampani kuzindikira dongosolo zomwe njira yopanga, komanso madera mogwirizana kampani ndi osewera kunja - omanga, angongole, makasitomala. kusanthula Economic limasonyeza kuti zimene kampani ali nkhokwe ndi kuti pangakhale zokwanira. Mwina kudziŵika kuti chida yoyenera imatengedwa ndi ofufuza ambiri monga wodziimira njira kukonzekera zachuma chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, pamaso pa ambiri zigawo zina.

kovuta

Chida china wamba, ndi amene angathe kukonzekera dongosolo ogwira ntchito zachuma - kovuta. kulunjika ake ndi kuti akatswiri woyenera kugwira ntchito pakampaniyo, kuwerengera ena anakonza, kuyembekezera ntchito, malinga ndi mfundo za kupezeka deta (ponena Mwachitsanzo, amasulidwe katundu kapena makonzedwe a ntchito). Magwero a malamulo zogwirizana akhoza kukhala mwina institutionalized (ie, mwina monga munthu kapena lina la chilamulo - monga lamulo la feduro) ndi kwapakati.

kukhathamiritsa

Yotsatira zofunika kwambiri mapulani chida - kukhathamiritsa. mfundo ndi yakuti pa maziko a kuwunika chuma ndi lamulo tingathe kukulitsa mfundo zingapo zokhudza nkhani zachuma mathirakiti kumalo a ntchito. Awa, m'pofunika kusankha amene amasonyeza zilili ku kampani moyenera kwambiri, choncho tinganene kuti mulingo woyenera. Muyezo waukulu pano - tsopano kukwaniritsa ndalama yochepa phindu pazipita ndi nkhani ya njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuti dongosolo, umene anakonzeratu za mabuku ambiri mzere-ndi zofunika zimenezi asankhidwa kukhala bwino.

Izi ndizo zida yaikulu imene mapulani ndalama akhoza kuchitika. Finance - amtengo kuti akhoza ankaipembedza gulu correlative ndi osiyanasiyana ntchito. Motero, chiyembekezo ntchito likulu amadalira pa zolinga zenizeni mitundu ya nawo kumalo a ntchito.

mitundu ya mapulani

Phunzirani kodi mitundu ya mapulani a zachuma. Pali njira zambiri gulu lawo. Mu ofufuza Russian sing'anga akufalitsa chiwembu chimene mapulani ndi kulamulira zachuma ikuchitika, zochokera gulu la lolingana ntchito oyembekezera, ndi opaleshoni panopa. Taganizirani mfundo awo enieni.

mapulani yaitali amagwira ndi kupanga kampani kiyi zofunika njira, amene ayenera akuyendera patatha kwambiri nthawi Mwachitsanzo, zaka 3-5. Mu mbali iyi ya mapulani chitukuko, monga ulamuliro, izo ikuchitika pa "pamwamba-pansi," ndiko kuti, mu ma aligorivimu lolingana fotokozerani kuwalitsa osati limatchula mkati chitukuko kampani, komanso chikoka cha zinthu akutulukira ku malo akunja.

mapulani Current ikukhudza chitukuko cha muyezo umene kampani ayenera kukhala mkati mwa nyengo yaifupi nthawi kuposa pokonza mapulani yaitali - 1 chaka. limagwirira Zimenezi zimafuna kutsegula madera wosanganiza kupanga lolingana buku la ma aligorivimu. Ndiko kuti, kasamalidwe olimba a, pa dzanja limodzi, amatipatsa nyumba wamng'ono wa mitundu ya nkhani pamalo abwino zofunika zokhudza chitukuko kampani, pa zina - afika pa gawo lawo tsatanetsatane magawo kukhazikitsa dongosolo.

kukonzekera ntchito amafuna njira ya Mavuto ndi kampani pa nthawi inayake, kapena kuti ayenera analankhula m'miyezi ikubwerayi. Nthawi zambiri, kupanga mapulani ndi pa "pansi-mmwamba". Management zambiri sizimatanthauza Pankhaniyi kuulula ogwira ntchito za njira malonda chitukuko cha mfundo zina zabwino.

Iye akufuna osati kwa malonda

Kufuna, monga taonera kumayambiriro kwa nkhani - yofunika zikuluzikulu za ntchito ndi chuma osati ntchito. ntchito zogwirizana komanso amatanganidwa ndi boma mabungwe, ndi mabungwe osapindulitsa. Banja Finance Planning mu Russia - mu dongosolo la zinthu. Kupeza njira kutchuka kusintha munthu umoyo wa nzika pogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo zothandiza ndi zipangizo okonzeka zopangidwa, monga mapulogalamu a pakompyuta. Planning - mtundu wa ntchito, ndi zogwirizana ndi moyo tsiku la munthu ano.

Tinganene kuti pamwamba njira kukhudzana ndi zida mapulani ndalama mofanana yogwirizana ndi dera lililonse la ntchito za nzika, kaya akhale kukafola banja kapena bajeti munthu? Zopanda pamaso pa njira yeniyeni malonda, monga omwe akugwirizana ndi kupanga katundu mlandu ntchito ndalama wonse, chito kiyi wa dera malonda ndi applicable ntchito ambiri boma. Munthu akhoza kukhala Mwachitsanzo, kuti munthu dongosolo bwino ntchito ndalama mu mawonekedwe a nyengo njira, njira zatsopano komanso ntchito ntchito. Zimakhala idzagwiritsa kusanthula standardization ndi kukhathamiritsa.

Kumene, ngati ntchito zogwirizana chinkhoswe nzika amene alibe mlingo wokwana wa choyenereza zinthu zimenezi kwambiri m'Chingelezi chosavuta. Koma, iwo adzakhala kwathunthu kutsatira mfundo za takambirana pamwambapa mokoma mapulani ndalama. Bajeti Personal Choncho, akhoza anatchula mbali kufanana ndi chikonzero chogwirizana chinkhoswe likulu mu kumalo a ntchito, ngakhale mu maonekedwe chosavuta.