Kuli kofunika kulimbana kufufuma? kufufuma m'njira yosavuta Kodi

Chuma kumvetsa mawu akuti "kufufuma" azilandira kuwonjezeka wonse mlingo wa mitengo katundu ndi ntchito. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuchepa mphamvu ogula kugula. Koma funso ngati timafunikira kulimbana ndi kufufuma, sangapereke mopupuluma zoonekeratu yankho. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka zina za kuwonjezeka mtengo ngakhale zothandiza chuma, chifukwa amalola kuti "kuyendetsa" izo. Pa izi ndi zinthu zina zambiri tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

mwachidule

Ngati ife kulankhula za chimene chimatsutsana ndi, mawu osavuta, m'pofunika sakunena za zinthu zonse bwino kwa ife - pa ndalama. Kodi n'chiyani pamene kukula msinkhu wonse wa mitengo? Tiyerekeze tili ndi malipiro a $ 100. Pamaso pa kufufuma, mwezi uliwonse tingagule kuti ang'onoang'ono tonse katundu. Kapena tiyeni tione chitsanzo china. Tiyeni paketi kumatafuna chingamu mu 2016 ndi ofunika ndalama imodzi US. Ngati pachaka mlingo kufufuma ndi 2%, muyenera kulipira madola 1,02 kale mu 2017 iye. US. Choncho, zodabwitsazi akutitsogolera kuti depreciation wa unit ndalama za dziko.

mitundu

Pa funso la chimene chimatsutsana ndi, kuyankha motere: ndi kuwuka khazikika m'njira mlingo ambiri mtengo. Komabe, ayenera kumvetsa kuti ziwerengero pa index ichi ndi zowombetsa mkota ndipo alibe chifukwa cha katundu zonse ndi ntchito. Kuli kofunika kulimbana kufufuma? Pamaso poyankha funso limeneli, tiyenera kumvetsa zimene zinachititsa izo. Kusiyanitsa mitundu zotsatirazi kufufuma:

• Deflation. Izi chodabwitsa mu chuma, amene anasonyeza kugwa ambiri mu mitengo.
• Hyperinflation. Izi kuwonjezeka mofulumira kwambiri mitengo. Izo zikhoza kuyambitsa kugwa kwa dongosolo dziko chuma. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo odziwika hyperinflation kugwirizana ndi Germany mu 1923. Ndiye mitengo ananyamuka ndi 2500% mu mwezi watha.
• Stagflation. Ndi osakaniza ulova mkulu, stagnation kupanga ndi kufufuma. Stagflation anali ndi khalidwe la mayiko olemera mu 1970, pamene mitengo mafuta ananyamuka.

Chifukwa kulera mlingo wonse wa mitengo chiyani?

Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za kufufuma ndi nkhani ya mtsutso pakati masukulu osiyanasiyana a zachuma kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, iwo ndiribe kubwera kugwirizana ndi. Komabe, chiphunzitsocho akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri:

• Umafuna kufufuma. Kumakhudzana ndi chakuti katundu pang'ono, ndipo ndalama zambiri kupezeka. Kodi ndili ndi kuthana ndi mtundu uwu wa kufufuma? Kodi kuchita izo? Njira yaikulu kudzakhala kuwuka mu chiwongola dzanja. Izi kuchepetsa ndalama kupezeka. Kuuza kufufuma zambiri khalidwe la chuma cha kuyambika.
• amapereka kufufuma. Kumakhudzana ndi chakuti alimi a kuwonjezeka mtengo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, akakamizidwa kukweza mitengo kuti musunge mlingo wa profitability za bizinesi. Ndalama monga osati ndalamazo chuma kupanga. amapereka kufufuma likhoza kulumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka mu misonkho kapena malipilo.

zotsatira

Ngati inu mungapemphe layman pa phunziro, pafupifupi aliyense adzayankha kuti kufufuma - izi ndi chodabwitsa zoipa, zomwe imaphwera wallets ndi khalidwe la kakhalidwe ka moyo. Koma kwenikweni, sukhala anthu osiyana mosiyana. Chinthu chofunika ndi, tisayembekezere kapena ayi. Kodi ndikufunika nkhondo kufufuma, ngati zonse izo, ndi okonzeka? Ziyembekezo azilipira kuwonjezereka mtengo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mabanki ndi mpata wosintha chiwongola dzanja, ndi anthu kupeza ntchito bwino kulipira kapena kukambirana ndi akuluakulu kulipira kuwonjezeka. mavuto aakulu otani pamene kufufuma ndi zosayembekezereka:

• Obwereketsa kutaya ndalama, ndi borrowers kupindula. Ngati kufufuma ndi mkulu mokwanira, ndiye zikhoza zoperewerazo chidwi kuti linaperekedwa kwa masika.
• njakata tsogolo kukakamiza makampani kupulumutsa ndi aganyali chitukuko. Umabweretsa imfa kwambiri za malonda ndi dziko lonse dziko chuma pamapeto pake.
• Anthu amene ali ndi ndalama amodzi monga pensioners, tikukumana nawo chatsika mfundo wamoyo kugwirizana ndi depreciation ndalama.
• Ngati kufufuma mu dziko kuposa ena, chopangidwa katundu kukhala zochepa mpikisano pa dziko msika.

Anthu Kawirikawiri za Kukwera kwa mitengo, koma kwenikweni sangakhale ndi vuto. Ngati malipilo ndi kuchuluka pa mlingo kapena mofulumira, ndiye zonse zili bwino. Osada kuganizira mmene kuthana ndi kufufuma, ngati mlingo wa% 2-3. Izi ndiye kuti chuma kukula. Ngati kufufuma sanali kwenikweni, kungakhale chizindikiro cha Kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto msika.

Chiyerekezo zowerengera

Tsopano ife tayankhula za chimene chimatsutsana ndi, mawu osavuta, tiyeni tione mmene chimaonekera. Statistical aziona chodabwitsa akhala kovuta. Kusamvana zambiri zokhudza zimene katundu ndi ntchito atengedwa mu Nkhani akonzedwa womuimira. Pambuyo kudziŵa "mtanga" wa kufufuma chimaonekera pamaziko a mtengo wake mu chaka panopa poyerekeza asamathe. Zotsatirazi awiri zizindikiro ntchito mu United States:

• Ogula mtengo index. Iye amanena kufufuma mfundo wogula amazionera. woimira pano monga chakudya, zovala, mafuta, magalimoto.
• Mndandanda wa mitengo sewerolo. Iye amanena kufufuma mmene bizinesi. index izi zimachitika mu kusintha Nkhani mitengo msika wa katundu opangidwa mu dziko.

Rosstat: Ochirikiza

Mu November 2016 mitengo Russia poyerekeza ndi duwa 5.8% chaka chatha. Izi maganyu. chizindikiro ichi amaweruza Rosstat. Kufufuma kwa magulu osiyanasiyana ndi motere:

• Chakudya. Mlingo wa kufufuma - 5%.
• Transport - 5.4%.
• Zovala ndi nsapato - 7.6%.
• Zosangalatsa ndi chikhalidwe - 6%.
• Mipando ndi banja zipangizo - 5.6%.
• Moŵa ndi fodya - 8.7%.

Poyerekeza ndi October, mu November, mitengo chinawonjezeka ndi 0.4%. Mlingo pafupifupi ya kufufuma mu Russia anali 133,5% nyengo kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka 2016. Mlingo wapamwamba chinalembedwa mu December 1992. Ndiye iye 2333,3%. Chotsikitsitsa - mu April 2012. Nthawi imeneyi, mlingo wa kufufuma mu Russia anakwana% 3.6 okha.

Control ndi malamulo

Pali njira zambiri zimene boma akulimbana ndi kufufuma. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo:

• Njira mfundo ndalama ndi zachuma.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mlingo amodzi kuwombola.
• Gold muyezo.
• Direct lamulo malipiro ndi mitengo.
• Kudzutsa bwino chuma.
• Dongosolo la amapereka ndi thandizo ku zigawo amapeza ndalama zochepa anthu.

Werengani zambiri za njira zosiyanasiyana

Imodzi mwa njira kulimbana kufufuma ndi kumangako kusinthitsa ndalama ya ndalama za mayiko wina, amene ali wolimba kwambiri. Komabe, izi zimabweretsa chakuti mlingo mtengo m'dziko lina limakhala amadalira zinthu mu State wina Member. Komanso, mu nkhani iyi, banki chapakati ndi boma kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ndalama ulamuliro kufufuma.

Njira imeneyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nthawi ya dongosolo Bretton Woods. Ndiye ndalama ya mayiko ambiri anali pegged kuti dola. Pambuyo 1970 boma anasamukira akuyandama mlingo kuwombola. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi ulamuliro wa kufufuma kumachitika pamene ndalama national zogwirizana golide.

Njira ina kulimbana kukwera mitengo ndi lamulo malipiro ndi mitengo. Ambiri ntchito ku nkhondo. Direct kupewa khalidwe la chuma anakonza. Mu zikhalidwe msika amazilamulira mtengo pa magulu zofunika mankhwala akhoza kukhala kanthawi kochepa. State iliyonse yomwe amafuna kumanga bwino chuma. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, izo invests mu chitukuko cha ka katundu, zomangamanga, umoyo ndi maphunziro. Ngati kukula zachuma zizigwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka mu kotunga ndalama mu makope, kufufuma Kodi osadzuka. Pa nthawi imene boma salinso njira ina iliyonse, iwo amayamba subsidize nzika amapeza ndalama zochepa.

Monetary ndi ndondomeko chandalama

The njira ya gulu ntchito ndi maboma ndiponso mabanki chapakati zambiri. Kugonjetsa kufufuma kuchuluka chiwongola dzanja, ndalama okwanira amachepetsa. mabanki chapakati yesetsani kuwonjezeka kwa onse mlingo mtengo mu osiyanasiyana% 2-3. Akukhulupirira kuti deflation chimawononga chuma. amadwala chidwi kuchepetsa ndalama kupezeka. Zimenezi zimathandiza munthu akuponya mitengo. Izi monetarists njira. Keynesians amakhulupirira kuchepetsa kufunika akaphatikiza mwa mfundo zachuma, ndiye, kuwonjezera msonkho ndi kuchepetsa ndalama pagulu.