Kulankhula: Kulankhula katundu. chilankhulo Oral ndi zolembedwa

Iwo agawidwa waukulu awiri otsutsanawa mzake, ndi m'njira zina chikufanana mtundu. Ndi m'kamwa ndi chinenero. Zidaphanyikiratu mu chitukuko mbiri Choncho kupeza mfundo zosiyanasiyana za chuma chinenero. zida chinenero Obscheliteraturnogo kuti kuphatikiza mitundu monga chinenero m'kamwa ndi olembedwa ndi maziko mapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito ija n'chimodzimodzi. Decoupling awo buku lolembedwa ndi m'kamwa olankhula wothandizira ntchito zoikika zonse mu kalasi ake, ndi zosiyana phindu kupeza sangachite.

kulankhula orality

Orality ndi chinthu chachikulu kulumikizanitsa mitundu zosiyanasiyana anawagawa mawu. kulemba katundu amagulitsidwa mitundu ya mabuku ndi mtundu olembedwa. Kumene, mawonekedwe si yekha zinathandiza china. Koma kalembedwe m'kamwa, chitachitika ndi Mzimuyo mapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito njira yeniyeni chinenero, wosiyana mawu olembedwa. Kulankhula katundu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha m'badwo wake. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Kusiyana mu m'badwo wa kulankhula ndi kulemba

kusiyana zachokera mitundu ya kwambiri kusiyana psycho-thupi. Zamaganizo anapeza kuti asilikali a mbadwo ndi kuzindikira kulankhula ndiponso kulemba sizili zofanana. Pamene m'badwo wa kulemba pali nthawi kuganizira ziganizo ofunda dongosolo, kotero kuti mlingo wa structuring mkulu nthawi zonse.

Choncho, kuwerenga ndi Sizotheka kuti asiye ndi kuganizira kwambiri olembedwa, limodzi ndi mayanjano ake payekha. Zimenezi zimathandiza onse kulemba ndi owerenga kumasulira zofunika kuchokera kukumbukira waukulu yaitali. Osati kuti polankhula ndi kumvetsera. mbali yake woomba, mbiri chinenero chofala analankhula. The katundu wa kulankhula atsimikiziridwa Pankhaniyi chifukwa chakuti ndi mtsinje umene yekha kupanga zake udzasokonezedwa ndi wolankhulayo mogwirizana ndi zolinga zake kuthetsa kapena kaye zambiri. Mvetserani zosowa mu phwando awo kutsatira nthawi kulankhula, ndipo si nthawi zonse pamene lifunika, n'zotheka kuima zakuya kuganizira. Choncho amachita kwenikweni muzitha kukumbukira, pamene adazindikira kulankhula. Kulankhula katundu mu nkhani iyi imakhala mu choona kuti apitirize, munthu wolemera, izo sizingatheke kachiwiri mu mawonekedwe amene kale zakubala.

automation

Pamene kuphunzira chinenero china pokonzekera phunziro akhoza anakonzeratu chiganizo, koma phunziro chithe: vuto kupanga mowiriza amafuna kukonzanso mu otaya yosalala ya kulankhula kupereka mawu gawo. kulankhula khalidwe ndi kuti n'zosatheka kwathunthu kukonzekera, chifukwa amapangidwa mu kwakukulukulu yodzichitira. Ngati wokamba ndi kuugwira izo, adzautaya khalidwe la akulembayo mwachibadwa. Control pa zotheka kwathunthu yekha mu maphunziro wodekha wa kulankhula, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono zobwera la opereka khalidwe stereotyped.

Kumveka malemba olembedwa

Yopangidwa ndi mawu mowiriza ayenera yodziwika ndi kugoletsa yosavuta Malemba, kuyendetsedwa ndi kuchigwiritsa, ojambula zithunzi, ndi zina okamba. kugoletsa si kusintha chirichonse mu malemba komanso ngakhale iye zikumveka, koma ngakhale linalembedwa. Pamene kusunga khalidwe la kulemba mawu onse a katundu. Kuyambira orality zikuoneka zokha intonation mizere ndi zotheka phonetic expressiveness. Ndiko kuti, lamayimbidwe katundu mawu kulankhula zosiyanasiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona E. A. Bryzgunovoy akuyerekeza wosewera popereka uthenga wofanana: anali osiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwamsanga pamene item m'kamwa kulankhula, mu nkhani iyi, intonation, kusiyana uka chifukwa individualization.

umunthu

Oral chokhudzana ndi nthawi payekha. Kulemba izi si khalidwe wonse wa mitundu yonse. Only munthu luso kulankhula ndi mwina kulekerera Mitundu kulankhula nyuzipepala. Wokamba nkhani aliyense ali ndi njira yake ya amakhala umunthu kuchokera maganizo, chikhalidwe, ngakhale zochititsa akatswiri ndi chikhalidwe wamba. Izi akugwira ntchito osati amalankhula. Aphungu Mwachitsanzo, ntchito iliyonse MP likusonyeza umunthu wake ndi nzeru, aipatsa chithunzi chikhalidwe. Oral chikugwirizana zambiri zimatanthauza zambiri kwa womverayo kuposa mfundo mawuwo, umene ntchito chikuchitika.

kulankhula Features

Ngati ife titembenukira kwa zinthu kugawikana kalembedwe m'kamwa, chitachitika, likukhalira kuti kuwonjezera pa zinthu m'buku kulemba mtundu naŵa kwambiri. Ena katundu wa kulankhula sizachilendo kwa mtundu wonse m'kamwa, chitachitika ndi yodziwika iye monga kuyenera m'buku kulemba, kugawana ano Russian chinenero zolembalemba pawiri. Ena kutenga mbali mu kusankha mitundu ya mtundu m'kamwa ndi kukambirana. Tikungotchula mfundozi zina. Chotero katundu wa kulankhula ndi kutsata, situational, mtundu mawu (ntchito monologue ndi dialogs).

polankhula kulankhula

Kulankhula nthawi analankhula, ndipo mwachindunji womverayo amene samazidziwa izo pa nthawi yomweyo ndi kupanga addressee ake pano. zamitundu yonse za ndale luso ngati zolemba anachedwa ndi zimaberekana akhoza ananyalanyaza, monga iwo mosatsata waukulu kulankhula mchitidwe: immediacy nzeru, kumene zofunika nthawi kalunzanitsidwe. Addressee kungakhale: a) munthu; b) gulu; c) misa.

Izi mitundu itatu akukambirana m'kamwa zolembalemba kulankhula, imodzimodzi ndi zotsatira za zinthu zina Gulu ake (zonsezi, kuphatikizapo polankhula, unidirectional), ali nawo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka mitundu itatu ya chinenero m'kamwa zolembalemba (m'kamwa, chitachitika mtundu wa chinenero zolembalemba): 1) m'kamwa-ndidayankhula; 2) m'kamwa SF; 3) wailesi ndi televizioni.

kulemba akulankhula

Palibe mwachindunji pothetsa: mkhalapakati woyambitsa malemba ndi owerenga ndi pepala, ndipo amalola kuti amangosankha sachedwa kuwerenga pofuna kuthetsa chinthu cha nthawi lachibadwidwe, kuvekedwa nawo makhalidwe omwewo nespontannosti ndi reusable ... Mosiyana ndi mawu siligwira ntchito kwa iwo nati "Mawu olankhulidwa ndi kale pokumbukira." Chotero mozungulira akulankhula ungayende ya kugawikana.

situationally

The katundu yaikulu ya kulankhula mulinso situational. Ndi chibadidwe mtundu analankhula, kumene zinthu si anasonyeza kulalatira amadzadza nzeru, vagueness aliyense ndi inaccuracy. Nthawi zambiri ankaona yekha zolankhula chitachitika, koma, mosamalitsa kulankhula, nthawi zonse wapezeka. Izo zikusonyeza Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula mawu ndakatulo pamene chofunika mbiri cholemba kumvetsetsa zinthu molondola ndi kumverera kwa ndakatuloyi. Ambiri, mawu a mtundu uwu, kupereka ntchito ya luso la mtundu wanyimbo aliyense, kulola zathu kuzindikira ndi kumvetsa cholinga cha wolemba. Pakuti anawonjezera situational okwana wokamba appertseptsionnaya m'munsi ndi womvera, gulu la akudziwa. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti cues wapakamwa ndipo amapereka kuzindikira pa Mwachidule. Pang'ono yodziwika ndi situational magulu analankhula funso. Mwachitsanzo, mphunzitsiyo akudziwa zimene omvera ake mukudziwa ndipo mungathe, kodi chidwi. Misa ukunenedwa malemba situational si achilendo. Choncho, amachita ngati chinthu cha kudzipatula ndi colloquially ngati ganyu chinthu amakhala sayansi mawu m'kamwa. Kumene, situational sangathe yodziwika ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kulemba mtundu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu monologues ndi dialogues olembedwa

Koma chiŵerengero cha monologue ndi kukambirana njira, ndiye chuma ichi ndi olembedwa ndi m'kamwa mitundu ya partitioning mabuku chinenero zosiyanasiyana amachita mosiyana. Mu buku kulemba mtundu, zilibe kanthu partitioning imayambitsa m'kamwa ndi kulankhula chinthu chinanso. Ichi ndi chifukwa chiŵerengero osiyanasiyana monologue ndi kukambirana mwa mitundu olembedwa ndi m'kamwa. Mu buku kulemba mtundu wa kulankhula sayansi monologic ndi zambiri, koma Tingaone monga zizindikiro za dialogic. Ngakhale sitingakhoze kugwirizana ngati iwo ali, ndiye kulongosola, koma zina. Business ndi anafotokozanso maganizo monological, koma umodzi (zambiri) ziganizo kufotokoza dongosolo, kupempha chitsogozo, malangizo, etc., munali causative anawagwiritsa (kuyesetsa) maganizo, thupi ndi gulu ali pafupi ndi chifanizo cha kukambirana. Nkhani nyuzipepala amakhala monologic, koma ali ndi zinthu kwa kukambirana akutsanzira mafunso owerenga ndi mayankho ake ankaimbidwa, kutsogolera kukambirana ndi mu kuyankhulana Mitundu, makalata owerenga kuyankha mafunso, etc. Mu luso la kulankhula kukambirana -. Njira otchulidwa kulankhulana, wolemba mawu Yemweyo amapita view monological. Koma pali Mitundu kwathunthu dialogic. Izi, kumene, akulankhula za masewero ndi sewero ngati luso. Ambiri, likukhalira kuti chinthu cha kugawikana kukambirana - monologue kulankhula indistinctly, koma bwino ndithu kusonyeza ponso dialogicality kumanzere.

Monologues ndi dialogues zolankhula

Wapakamwa chitachitika-mtundu wachibadidwe chiŵerengero osiyana. Amaonekera kuti dialogic ndi monologic mitundu ya kulankhula, monga Motero, ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kutanthauza: a monologue - izo gawo ndi gawo malembedwe, kukambirana - ndi lolimba mwachidule cues chitachitika, makamaka colloquial malembedwe. Inde, kulemba kukambirana lili ndi zinthu zake syntactical poyerekeza ndi monologue, ndilo danga kwa dongosolo angapo syntactic, monga kulemba chuma. Koma apa kusiyana dialogic ndi monologic mtundu si zikuphatikizapo kusiyana ofunika mu malembedwe kumene yeniyeni zitsanzo chitachitika pindani danga la kukambirana. Ambiri, mu m'kamwa mtundu dialogic-chitachitika amachepetsa kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere. Nufikira osachepera kulankhula m'kamwa sayansi. Kulingana kwa kukambirana ndi monologue amalola, mwa zinthu zina kuunikila gulu la chinenero m'kamwa analankhula ngati osiyana mitundu, anapambulwa pa maziko a wailesi ndi televizioni, ndipo m'kamwa kulankhula sayansi.