Kopanda Cathedral cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Kopanda Cathedral cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra linakhazikitsidwa ndi Tsar Ivana Groznogo, ndi odzipereka zaka pokhapokha 26. The Cathedral ndi mpingo waukulu kwambiri obisika, ndi otchuka pakati alendo. Mu yotentha, anachita utumiki wothandiza anthu, ndi zisudzo nyimbo ndi kwayala ya Lavra.

Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio

Ansembe yotchedwa Orthodox cha Utatu Woyera, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi wolemekezeka. Sergio wa Radonezh m'zaka 14. Kwa zaka zingapo, imatengedwa pakati waukulu wauzimu cha Orthodox ndi ambiri akulemekezedwa Russian kachisi.

M'zaka za m'ma 17 agulupa anatsutsana kuzinga miyezi-lalitali la Chipolishi Chilituyaniya ankhondo (15 chikwi. Asilikali). The zokometsera ya agulupa kuchuluka kwa 3 zikwi. Man anatsutsana kuzinga, osati chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwake, komanso maonekedwe mozizwitsa Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Kuyambira 1744 agulupa anadzatchedwa kulemekeza Lavra, mozungulira pang'onopang'ono anayamba kumanga mchitidwe umenewu zina ndi hermitages, uzimu cokhudzana ndi zamizimu. Mu 1814, pambuyo moto Moscow Theological Academy anabwera kuno, ndi yunivesite yakale kwambiri mu Russia.

Kuyambira 1920 mpaka 1945, Laurel Anatseka, ndi madera ake mongoyembekezera linaikidwa pa History ndi Art Museum ndi malo ogona, ndiye mu 1946 anayamba chitsitsimutso chake.

Mbiri ya nyumba

Kopanda Cathedral cha Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio amatchedwa kachisi chipilala chifukwa chakuti yomanga wake chinali kugwa wopambana wa Kazan Khanate. Yomanga kachisi zinachitikadi zaka 26 ndipo inatha yekha mu 1585. Kudzipereka ndi Metropolitan Dionisiyo lino Mfumu ya Fyodor Ivanovich ndi mkazi wake.

The Cathedral otchuka ili mu mzinda wa agulupa lapansi. Linamangidwa mu kalembedwe Byzantine pa chitsanzo cha Cathedral mu Moscow Kremlin (Chipilala. A. Fioravanti la Italy), koma zipupa anamangidwira njerwa (makulidwe a 2,25 m). Kumathandiza pomanga mpingo akatulukire kwa miyambo Russian ndipo anapanga 6 pylons ndi amakona anayi-gawo mtanda. Kopanda Cathedral Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio ndi korona ndi domes 5, chapakati - golide, odzipatulira kwa Mpulumutsi, ena anayi - buluu ndi nyenyezi - wodzipereka kwa Namwali Mariya.

Arkaturno-columnar Zone lomwe ndi zina zomangamanga a mizinda ya Golden mphete lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga tchalitchi. Kale, kuchokera kumadzulo kwa tchalitchi lidawonjezeredwa ndi khonde lotseguka, ndiye izo m'malo m'nthawi ya 18. khonde anali utoto pa malangizo a Metropolitan Platon.

Mkati mwa kachisi

Kopanda Cathedral cha Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio, makamaka malo ake mkati kudabwa ndi kukula kwake yaikulu ndi kuwala kubwera kudzera pawindo. pylons ikulu (3x3 m) thandizo mtanda anawasema ndi likudzandira asanu.

Naves ndi pamakoma khoma pakati aakulu kwa ena m'lifupi. Kumbuyo iconostasis makolasi anakonza ndi zomera 3-tiered.

Pafupifupi zaka 100 anaima unpainted Mfundo Cathedral cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra. Chaka 1684 kunali chosaiwalika m'mbiri yake, ndi ndalama Bishopu wamkulu Mose Ryazan ganyu gulu la amisiri 25 pa chiyambi cha mbuye D. Plekhanov. Pa yotentha mmodzi utoto makoma, mizati ndi m'chipinda chotetezeka frescoes mwa mfundo m'Baibulo, lomwe mpaka tsopano anakhalabe pafupifupi wawo. Moisey Ryazansky anali mwakachetechete m'manda mu mpanda wa Cathedral wa Akukwera pafupi mabishopu ena.

Zojambulazo pa makoma - yowala airy Zojambula pakhoma mu nsaru buluu ndi violet malankhulidwe. Pa makoma kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa mizere zinayi wasonyeza Mauthenga (Amayi a Mulungu, ndi akulu Zazipembedzo), ndi kumadzulo - zochitika za chiweruzo chotsiriza ndi zambiri kanjedza ndi mfundo.

zojambula yaikulu ndi zithunzi za Akalonga (Alexander Nevsky, ndi Vladimir wa Kiev, Prince wotchedwa Dmitry, etc.), Ofera ndi oyera utali wonse zili pa zipilala onse asanu kuti limbikitse mmwamba anawasema. Achipembedzo mural pali malo otsetsereka zenera ndipo anawasema. Kuyambira mkati kachisi amayang'ana unrealistically mkulu ndi wapadera.

Mkati mwa tchalitchi anapulumuka komanso kuponyedwa chandelier 17. Anapanga zamkuwa Moscow ambuye wa amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida monga mphatso kwa agulupa ya Jāņi banja.

2 waukulu guwa kanjira:

• Great Martyr Feodora Stratilata, woyang'anira wa Tsar Fedor Ivanovich;
• mkazi Borisa Godunova - Martyr Irene.

Kenako pridel- Saint Nikolaya Chudotvortsa - izo anamanga m'zaka 17. pa chitetezo cha obisika ku mliri wa asilikali Chipolishi Chilituyaniya.

Tiakachisi Mfundo Cathedral

Kum'mwera kwa tchalitchi mu chipinda pa plinth ndi manda Sergiya Radonezhskogo, kumene anaikidwa m'manda (1392), kenako zaka 30 pambuyo pake pali zinthu zakale ake anatulukira. M'zaka za m'ma 16 mwa dongosolo la Ivan m'khutu siliva kachisi, kuima lero Woyera Utatu Cathedral anapangidwa. Mu zaka pamene mphamvu adagona m'manda, aulendo kubwera kwa Cathedral, onetsetsani kuti amalambira iye ndipo anayesa kuluma kuchokera chidutswa cha kukwaniritsa nawo. Kwa zaka zingapo, mmodzi wa makoma anayamba kugwa ndipo amayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi zakudya zamtundu zitsulo, komanso kulowa bokosi mu sarcophagus galasi.

Kopanda Cathedral cha Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio ndi manda a atsogoleri korona ndi atsogoleri otchuka Orthodox. Mkati pa tchalitchi anaika tombstone wa Mfumukazi Maria Vladimirovna ndi kalonga Evdokia ndi mabishopu (Mose Ryazan, Moscow Augustine, amene anamuukitsa mzimu wa asilikali a 1812) ndi Metropolitan Macarius wa Moscow (amene analemba bukhu zamulungu).

Alendo ambiri abwere lero nyaze amalambira zotsalira za St. Innocent Orthodox bishopu wa Kamchatka ndi America, ndi woyang'anira woyera wa amene kuphunzira zilankhulo onse, ndi St. Maksima Greka.

M'miyezi otentha mu misonkhano kachisi Mulungu ndi mapemphero.

Manda Godunov banja

Kumanzere kwa khomo la Cathedral wa Dormition cha Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio ndi manda a Godunov. Linamangidwa m'nthawi ya 18 mu mawonekedwe a makola amiyala (pa malo refectory wakale khonde), mwachindunji pafupi ndi mpanda wa tchalitchi. Mkati zili manda Borisa Godunova ndi mkazi wake Maria ndi mwana Fyodor (iwo anaphedwa ndi dongosolo la ndi wokana mfumu Demetrius, ndi matupi awo wabweretsedwa kuno mu 1606) ndi mwana kukongola Ksenia (sisitere anamwalira m'chaka cha 1622).

Ndi kutsegula manda mu 1940, muli katundu wawo anasunga bwino: .. silika malaya Fedor, kalonga nsapato (zinthu tsopano anasonyeza mu nyumbayi), koma m'manda yokha kunapezeka kuti udzawonongedwa, ndiko chigaza ndi kumuponya.

tchalitchi crypt

The crypt wa Dormition Cathedral cha Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio ili pansi pa tchalitchi palokha, ndipo khomo izo - kum'mwera. Linamangidwa m'zaka 19. maliro a Metropolitan Sergio ndi Leonti, koma kenako anali opatulidwira maguwa ku guwa. Kale m'zaka 20. apa ndi matchalitchi ena awiri anamanga pakati - manda a Makolo Akale 2 - Alexis I (1970) ndi Pimen (1990). Mkati mwa crypt m'mawindo a mpingo anasonyeza zovala ndi katundu, zithunzi.

The crypt ndi lotseguka kwa alendo kumafika mapemphero ake anachita, pali kufalitsidwa kwa mafuta wodzipereka.

iconostasis

The iconostasis choyamba a tchalitchi anawonongedwa, tsopano mu malo ake anaika ena.

Iconostasis Mfundo Cathedral Utatu-St tichipeza zigawo 5 zingerengere ndi zizindikiro za mwina golide ulusi twined mpesa lili 76 zithunzi, makamaka m'ma 17.

The iconostasis mizere asanu zachifumu Kupachikidwa ndi Virgin Mary ndi Mtumwi Yohane zaumulungu, mu chimango cha chitsanzo chosema ndi mpendadzuwa, maluwa ndi mphesa. Kusema ndi pano pa chimango cha iconostasis, ndi mizati ya guwa mu mawonekedwe a analemba kuti nthambi za mpesa, ndipo friezes - mitundu zachilendo. kusema onse chikusonyezera "paradise minda". Kuwoloka pa chithunzi pamwamba pa akerubi ndi kuika korona onse achifumu.

zithunzi zambiri anapangidwa ndi nawo wotchuka chizindikiro zojambulajambula Simon Ushakov, mmodzi wa anthu otchuka - "The MGONERO" (1685), chimene chiri tsopano mu m'nyumbayi wa agulupa lapansi.

ndi mafano onse ndi kusema zinthu zokongoletsera za m'ma m'mbuyomu anali ponovleny kangapo, lomwe zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero lokonza (mafano onse ndi zigawo 3-4). Last zithunzi nthawi azionjezera mu 1986-1988 biennium. chifukwa chikhalidwe chawo oopsa. Ndiye anapeza chizindikiro choyambirira cha m'ma 16, "Mfundo ya Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa", amene anaonekera pambuyo kuchotsa zigawo ziwiri mafano kenako utoto pamwamba.

zithunzi zithunzi

Mkati tchalitchi ndi zithunzi awiri a Akukwera Cathedral cha Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio, anapanga zithunzi:

• Choyamba-Yakova Stefana, amene mpaka 1931 anali mwa Khristu Mpulumutsi Cathedral.
• Lady wathu wa Kazan (malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, iwo anabweretsedwa kuchokera Kachisi wa Khristu Mpulumutsi, pa ena - kuchokera yopemphereramo pafupi Kazansky okwerera sitima ku Moscow).

Kazan Amayi a Mulungu ali nacho pa anthu onse Russian wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Tsoka la Cathedral, komanso zinathandiza kwambiri ndipo anathandiza kupirira Kuzinga obisika a asilikali Chipolishi Chilituyaniya m'zaka 17. Kumasulidwa kwa Moscow mu August 1612 komanso chinachitika ndi madalitso ake. chizindikiro ichi, naperekanso ndi Cossacks, yotengekatengeka pa mutu wa asilikali, Prince Pozharsky.

kubwezeretsedwa a tchalitchi

Chiopsezo zotheka kugwa kwa mpanda wa mpingo anaonekera mu m'ma 19. Pisarevsky pambuyo liquidation dziwe chifukwa ladziko la pansi, pamene khoma anayamba kupita ming'alu. Koma ntchito yopulumutsa pa tchalitchi linayamba m'zaka 20.

Mmodzi wa anaukitsidwa koyamba mu zaka za mphamvu Soviet inayamba mu 1940 ndipo zinatha mpaka 1967, anapangidwa chamadzi:. Frescoes litsiro ndi zomatira, umatulutsa m'munsi kukonza, kuonongeka ndi dampness, mazenera limzake. Mwa akatswiri amene anabwezeretsedwa Mfundo Cathedral cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra - wazomangamanga V. I. Baldin (anachokera ku 1938 (adakali wophunzira) ndi 1997). Kubwezeretsa zipilala za Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio anakhala moyo wake.

Cathedral wa Akukwera - 21 m'zaka

Ndi 700 TH chikumbutso kwa Abbot wa Russian dziko zikuluzikulu kubwezeretsa ntchito (2012-2016) kunachitika, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa zithunzi za iconostasis zidutswa chosema kuti analola kutsitsimutsa mu ulemerero wonse wa Akukwera Cathedral cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra. Photos anaika pamwamba, bwino mfundo imeneyi.