Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano: mbiri ya mapangidwe a, okhutira, kufanana ndi kusiyana

Chikhristu pa mphindi - chipembedzo kwambiri ambiri m'dzikoli. Malinga ndi zomwe mayiko, chiwerengero cha anthu ake anthu opitirira mabiliyoni awiri, kapena pafupifupi hafu ya anthu onse padziko lapansi. Nzosadabwitsa kuti chipembedzo ichi wapereka dziko kwambiri kunalengezedwa ndi otchuka buku - Baibulo. Malemba a Akhristu chiwerengero cha magazini ndi malonda kumam'phunzitsa pamwamba pa bestseller tsopano zaka mazana khumi ndi asanu.

The zikuchokera Baibulo

Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti mawu akuti "Baibulo" - izi ndi basi owonetsera cha mawu a Chigiriki "vivlos" kutanthauza "buku." Choncho, si za mankhwala umodzi, koma mndandanda wa malemba ndi alembi osiyanasiyana, ndipo zinalembedwa Nthawi osiyana. The pamakomo nthawi yotsiriza Choncho ayesedwa motere: mu XIV a. BC. e. pa II lapansi. N. e.

Baibulo tichipeza zigawo ziwiri, amene amati Chipangano Chakale ndi Chipangano Chatsopano mu terminology Mkhristu. Mwa otsatira a Mpingo umene uli kufunika lomaliza.

Old Testament

Gawo loyamba ndi waukulu wa Mkhristu Lemba unakhazikitsidwa kale pa kubadwa kwa Yesu Khristu. Mabuku a Chipangano Chakale imatchedwanso m'Malemba Achiheberi, ngati iwo ali ndi kupatulidwa kwa chikhalidwe Chiyuda. Kumene, chifukwa iwo adjective "lakale" poyerekezera ndi mabuku ake ndi zosaloleka. Tanakh (monga amatchedwa malo awo) ndi wamuyaya, wosasintha ndi chilengedwe.

zosonkhanitsira tichipeza anayi (monga gulu Christian) ziwalo, ndiwo mayina otsatirawa:

1. Zakonopolozhitelnye buku.
2. mabuku.
3. mabuku Didactic.
4. Mabuku aulosi.

Aliyense wa zigawo lili nambala inayake malemba ndipo chiwerengero chawo angakhale osiyana mu nthambi zosiyanasiyana Mkhristu. Mabuku ena OT ndi anagawa m'magulu kapena pamodzi ndi mzake ndi mwa iwo okha. Njira yaikulu ankaona akonzi, wopangidwa mwa zinthu 39 malemba ena. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya Tanakh - otchedwa Torah, chomwe ndi mabuku asanu oyambirira. miyambo yachipembedzo ali kuti wolemba wake - mneneri Mose. Muchipangano chakale anali potsiriza anapanga pafupifupi pakati woyamba Zakachikwi BC. e., ndipo nthawi athu analandira monga chikalata wopatulika nthambi zonse za Chikhristu, koma kwambiri sukulu ampatuko Marcion ndi mipingo.

NT

Pamene Chipangano Chatsopano, ndi mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe anabadwa mu kuya kwa Chikhristu nascent. Amakhala ndi mabuku 27, zofunika kwambiri zomwe - woyamba anayi malemba, kuti Uthenga Wabwino. Yotsirizira ndi moyo wa Yesu Khristu. Ena a m'buku - makalata a Atumwi, ndi buku la Machitidwe limatiuza za zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa mpingo, ndipo buku la ulosi la Chivumbulutso.

Mkhristu ovomerezeka anapanga m'njira m'zaka za zana lachinayi. Isanafike kuti mwa magulu osiyanasiyana a Akhristu afalitsidwa, ndipo ngakhale akulemekezedwa ndi yopatulika, ndipo ambiri malemba ena. Koma ambiri a Tchalitchi ndi matanthauzo Episcopal mwalamulo mabuku okha awa, ena onse chotsimikiziridwa onyenga ndipo Mulungu amadana. Kenako, "cholakwika" malemba anamukwiyira massively anawonongedwa.

The harmonization wa ovomerezeka wakhala anayambika ndi akatswiri gulu, kuti anakaniza ziphunzitso mkulu Marcion. Last kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya mpingo analengeza kunsonga kwa malemba opatulika, kukana pafupifupi onse mabuku a Chipangano Chakale ndi Chipangano Chatsopano (mu Baibulo lili nawo) kupatulapo ochepa. Pofuna n'chongoletsa kulalikira kwa mdani, atsogoleri ake maganizo ndi mpingo yokhala mtchatho sakramentirovali kwambiri miyambo ya malemba.

Komabe, osiyana mbali ya dziko Chipangano Chakale ndi Chipangano Chatsopano mungachite osiyanasiyana codification malemba. Palinso mabuku ena amene amavomerezedwa mu mwambo chomwecho, koma anakanidwa chifukwa cha wina.

Chiphunzitso cha kudzoza Mulungu wa Baibulo

Chofunikira kwambiri malemba opatulika a Chikhristu chavumbulidwa chiphunzitso cha kudzoza. Baibulo - Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano - n'kofunika okhulupirira chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti dzanja la ntchito zopatulika za olemba zinachititsa Mulungu yekha, ndi mawu a malemba pazinthu - vumbulutso Mulungu, anawatumizira dziko, mpingo uliwonse munthu. chikhulupiriro ichi kuti Baibulo - lemba la Ambuye, yalembedwera aliyense, nthawi zonse limalimbikitsa Akhristu kuliphunzira ndi kuyang'ana matanthauzo chobisika.

owonjezera

Pa chitukuko ndi mapangidwe ovomerezedwa a Baibulo, mabuku ambiri amene poyamba kuti inkakhala, kenako kunapezeka kuti "wotsalira" wa ziphunzitso mpingo. tsoka ili ntchito zotero, monga "Erma Mbusa" ndi "Didache". Ambiri Mauthenga osiyana ndi Makalata anayesedwa onyenga ndi achikunja basi chakuti sanali oyenera zizolowezi latsopano zamulungu wa Orthodox. malemba awa onse ogwirizana ndi mawu akuti wamba "owonjezera," kutanthauza, pa dzanja limodzi, "wabodza", ndi pa zina - "chinsinsi" malemba. Koma potsiriza kufufuta kuda malemba osafunika sakanakhoza - mu mabuku ovomerezeka ndi allusions ndi zilembedwe za iwo kubisala. Mwachitsanzo, zikuoneka kuti adatayika, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma XX, yatsopano anapeza Uthenga Wabwino wa Tomasi ndi umodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwa mawu a Khristu mu Uthenga Wabwino ovomerezeka. A wamba uthenga wa mtumwi Yudasi (osati Yudasi Isikarioti) mwachindunji lili zilembedwe za m'buku losavomerezeka la mneneri Enoke, kukangana kuti ulemerero wake waulosi komanso lodalirika.

Chipangano Chakale ndi Chipangano Chatsopano - mgwirizano ndi kusiyana pakati pa malamulo awiri

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti Baibulo tichipeza awiri mabuku mndandanda wa olemba osiyana ndi nthawi. Ngakhale zachikhristu amaona Chipangano Chakale ndi Chipangano Chatsopano wonse, kutanthauzira iwo kudzera mzake ndi kuika chobisika allusions, maulosi, ndi prototypes kugwirizana typological, si onse Akhristu sachedwa ndi kuwunika chimodzimodzi malamulo awiri. Marcion osati zikande anakana Old Testament. Mwa ntchito zake anataya ankagwiritsa ntchito otchedwa "otsutsana", pomwe iye anasiyanitsa ziphunzitso za Tanakh ziphunzitso za Kristu. Chipatso cha kusiyana ichi chinali chiphunzitso cha milungu iwiri - Jewish mnyozo ndi capricious demiurge ndi Mulungu zonse zabwino Atate, Khristu alalikidwa.

Ndithudi, zithunzi za Mulungu osiyana kwambiri mu mapangano awiri awa. Mu Chipangano Chakale, amanenedwa ngati wokwiya kumakhaliro, molimba Ambuye, wopanda tsankho monga kusonyeza lero. Mu Chipangano Chatsopano, M'malo mwake, Mulungu ndi kulolerana, chikondi ndi zambiri wakonda kukhululukira koposa kulanga. Komabe, penapake wosalira chiwembu, ndi ngati inu mukufuna mungapeze chigamulocho mfundo mudziko la malemba awiri. Mbiri Koma kunapezeka kuti mpingo si kuzindikira ulamuliro wa Chipangano Chakale, kuti unatha, ndipo lero dziko la Chikhristu ankaimira chikutanthauza mwambo wina, osati kuwerengera zosiyanasiyana ankamangidwanso gulu neognostikov ndi neomarkionitov.