Kodi zolemba ambiri, ndi zolemba makamaka mbiri yake mu Russia

Zolemba m'lingaliro lenileni - izo bibliology. Zolemba ambiri - ndi chilango yasayansi yokhudzana ndi malongosoledwe, systematization ndi mabuku mlandu, ndi mabuku nonfiction, nkhani, dissertations, etc ...

ndi zolemba m'njira yopapatiza Kodi

mndandanda kumatanthauza njira ina mabuku malemba. kumene mudziwe anatengedwa - mwachitsanzo, magwero anasonyeza polemba nkhani. Zolemba ntchito polemba mfundozo ndi ntchito zina za sayansi. Author ntchito chofunika kusonyeza zimene anadalira magwero chachikulu.

mitundu ya bibliographies Kodi

Pali bibliographies olemba. Zikuphatikizapo mndandanda osiyana malemba onse olembedwa a wolemba, kuphatikizapo wa mbiri ndi ena ntchito zonse zolembedwa za wolemba ndi ntchito zake olemba ena. Yaikulu mndandanda Mwachitsanzo, C. A. zolemba Pushkina kapena Tolstogo L. N.

Palinso zolemba za mlingo wachiwiri. Kuti ndi zolemba za malemba onse bibliographic. Kumalimbikitsa timva mu kuchuluka kuti bibliographies onse, anagawa ndi mitu.

Akuti osiyana sayansi zolemba. Iwo makamaka zimatenga ku magawo ena a ntchito kapena sayansi ongolankhula.

Retrospective zolemba (Scientific Division) chimakwirira onse ankasindikizidwa utolankhani ntchito mabuku ndi kwa nyengo zina za nthawi. Zikhoza kukhala chaka, ndipo sabata imodzi.

Palinso mitundu ina ya zolemba. Mwachitsanzo, Russian mbiri, kutenga nkhani ndi bungwe malemba onse pa mbiriyakale, linatuluka mu Russian. Iwo akhoza zimachitika zolemba za. Pali zolemba mabuku, mwachitsanzo kukayezedwa mndandanda wa m'mabuku zokhudza buku lina makamaka. mndandanda amenewa Tingaone Mwachitsanzo, pa mapeto a maphunziro kapena kufufuza mabuku.

Onse a matanthauzo amenewa amafotokoza momveka bwino kuti ndi zolemba. M'lingaliro yotakata - nthawi zonse ndi mndandanda wa malemba pa nkhani zina. Izi mtundu wa sayansi ndi buku sayansi lili ndi mbiri yake. Ngati inu mukumvetsa zimene zolemba, zimaonekeratu zimene nkhani yake. Umu ndi mmene sayansi kusanduka ndipo anayamba m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

A History Mwachidule wa zolemba mu Russia

Mu Russia kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 18, anayamba ndi zolemba. Zonsezi zinayamba ndi nkhani bookselling ndi kuwerenga mndandanda kapena utolankhani mu magazini. M'zaka za m'ma 18. mabuku Russian ndi mwachangu kwambiri otukuka. Russian olemba ndi atolankhani andipeze ndi kukupezani chikhalidwe mwatsatanetsatane West. okhulupirira zimenezi zolemba, ndithudi, nawonso anabwera kuchokera kunja.

Woyamba wa mtundu uwu anali magazini "zolemba Bibliographic" ndi "zolemba". Iwo anatulutsa review m'buku akutchula Zolembedwa osiyanasiyana mu malaibulale, Catalogs posachedwapa mabuku, komanso mndandanda wa periodicals.

Mu 1889 anapita woyamba bibliographic bwalo Moscow. Mlengi wake anathamangira. Mu 1900 izo kusandulika mu Russian Bibliographical Society, unachitikira ku yunivesite ya Moscow. Ndi bungwe magazini awo. Lolembedwa Bodnarskii kunja "Bibliographical News" ndi "Bibliology".

Mu 1907 ndi 1908 kampani lofalitsidwa "zolemba Collection" chimene anali Ufumuyo ndi afabeti index kukuthandizani kupeza ufulu. Buku lofalitsidwa ndemanga cholinga pa mabuku ndi periodicals lofalitsidwa ozolowera.

Zolemba za Russia 19-20 zaka

M'zaka awiriwa zolemba Russian linatukuka kukodzedwa. Asayansi kwambiri chinkhoswe mu sayansi. Iwo anayamba kudalira kwambiri pa mfundo osati maganizo. Ndipo izi m'ma bibliographies zaka 19-20th n'zothandiza kwambiri zolemba ndi philology.

M'zaka za m'ma 20 panali kupanga zinthu zonse atasunga zolemba za. Bibliology ndi gwero zolemba adayamba kuphunzitsa yunivesite. Bibliographers anaukitsa yachokera akale ndi achire ntchito kuleza aiwala olemba, komanso anthu amene anazunzidwa mwadala aiwala mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Stalin. Iye analeredwa ndi anaukitsa stratum chachikulu cha mabuku Russian ndi utolankhani. Komabe, mbiri ya zolemba Soviet komabe afufuza bwinobwino, akadali lotseguka kwa magwero atsopano ndi akale. Zolemba kukhala kwambiri ntchito mwakhama.