Kodi kupanga maziko a khola ndi manja awo?

chipangizo ndi maziko chimango ndi limodzi mwa magawo yofunika kwambiri yomanga. Support m'munsi kwakukulukulu ndiyo durability ndi sikelo maofesi likulu, ndi outbuildings yaing'ono. Barani sangathe zimachitika mipherezero wovuta mu mfundo za makhalidwe a maziko, koma luso la zomangamanga ake, pali mfundo zina zabwino zofunika kwambiri. Makamaka chifukwa ntchito izi nthawi zambiri anazindikira modzichepetsa ya zipangizo ndi zida, limene palokha zimapangitsa ojambula zithunzi kupeza njira konza ntchito a zinthu. Kupanga maziko apamwamba kwambiri shedi sadzakhala superfluous kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono chotsimikiziridwa kuthetsa mavuto amenewa ndi mtengo kochepa.

Kukonzekera zochita ntchito

Pamaso pa ntchito yomanga maziko ayenera mosamala kuwerengera ndondomeko ya ntchito. Nkofunika kudziwa malo kumanga nyumbayo, dera ndi lathu mfundo sayansi. The pafupifupi mawonekedwe a barani adzakwaniritsadi pamalo olondola a chonyamulira nsanja ziribe kanthu zimene sayansi izo aphedwe. Kwa maziko shedi yayitali, ndi pa gawo loyamba la ntchito si kuonongeka chifukwa zopindika padziko lapansi, n'kofunika kuchita chilolezo pansi. Zomera wosanjikiza ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka kuti ❖ kuyanika akhakula si yosalala, komanso lolimba. Mwina, iyi Ziyeneranso kuchotsa wosanjikiza lotayirira dothi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito tamping chida. Njira kukwaniritsa kufunika makhalidwe padziko m'munsi kudzadalira khalidwe la nthaka.

Kukonzekera njira

Pafupifupi njira zonse chipangizo maziko khola kugwiritsa ntchito simenti. Kuti akonze njira Pakufunika akonzedwa yaikulu ya madzi, mchenga ndi simenti, koma ndi Kuwonjezera wa miyala. Kachigawo a zanyengo kungakhale aliyense, koma n'kofunika kuti correlate voliyumu ya misa anakonza - kwambiri m'dera kukhuta, zikuluzikulu kachigawo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa columnar miyala maziko adzakhala ndi gawo osachepera, ndipo zabwino lamba kukatenga nusu coarse. Nkofunika kusunga ndi kufanana kwa njira imene maziko adzachitidwa kwa shedi. Ndi manja ake mu beseni chaching'ono kusakaniza mchenga ndi miyala mu chiŵerengero 3: 5, onjezerani 1 gawo Portland simenti. Madzi anawonjezera ndi kuyembekezera kulemera, koma olimbikira misa.

Zida monolithic maziko

Ichi ndi losavuta njira, koma njira yotsika yaitali kuchita chapansi. ntchito zake ndi wolungamitsidwa pankhani kumanga njerwa outbuilding. umisiri ndi mu chipangizo ndi khushoni olimba a mchenga kulolerana wa miyala chomwecho. About 10-15 cm m'munsi ayenera anakonza, zomwe zina bungwe simenti. Koma asanafike anapanga formwork olimba padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa malo a ntchito, zomwe zakonzedwa kukhazikitsa maziko khola. manja ake anapanga zopinga kutipanikiza mwa zomwe grouting adzapatsidwa. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi slats pulasitiki kapena matabwa ndi mapanelo - chinthu chachikulu chimene iwo akanakhoza kusunga misa anatsanulira. Mukhoza Kenako kukhazikitsa ikuthandizira ndodo ndipo muvale chipangizo mwachindunji. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti kupeza zonse za mphamvu ya maziko izi zingatenge za 2-3 masabata malingana m'dera ntchito.

Kodi kupanga maziko a columnar-mtundu khola?

Doko maziko amafuna zipangizo zochepa ndi buku, koma kukhazikitsa kumafuna anapezazo ndi bwino ntchito. chonyamulira m'munsi kawirikawiri anapanga atathana pachithandara, wokwera mu nthaka. Ngati tikulankhula za khola laling'ono, ndi zokwanira zipilala anayi ndi awiri a 15 cm. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo pachiyambi anakumba dzenje, wodzala PAD a miyala ndi mchenga. Kenako, ndodo ndi mzati wodzazidwa ndi simenti. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera kwa kuchulukirachulukira ngati n'koyenera. Zitatha izi maziko mlatho kwa khola yokutidwa ndi zipika. Maziko yazokonza pansi adzakhala kupanga dongosolo ogwiritsa chikukhudza piping grillage, njira ndi zinthu profiled.

Chipangizo Kadyedwe Kake Mzere maziko

Mtundu wa maziko ndi imodzi mwa ambiri kumanga nyumba zogona payekha, koma outbuildings ankaona kwambiri zovuta ndi poponya mtengo. Kukhazikitsa njira imeneyi ayenera kukhala pa kukafika kutsogolo kwa malo ntchito kuti mzere wa ntchito yomanga. Ife tifika ngalande, wodzala ndi mchenga ndi miyala. Pakuti kudalirika kwambiri yomanga ikuchitika niches ndi ikuthandizira maziko. Ngati mukufuna amavula maziko kukhetsa linali lalikulu, ngalande zizichitidwa m'chigawo chapakati. Kenako, okonzeka kagawo kakang'ono armature wodzazidwa ndi njira yomweyo. Pambuyo kuchiritsa konkire akhoza kuyamba kugwira ntchito pa sitima zida zimene angathe imodzi achite ndi yazokonza pansi okhetsedwa m'tsogolo.

Kodi kupanga maziko pansi wokhetsedwa wa midadada chithovu?

Kugawira njira ziwiri nsanja chipangizo kwa okhetsedwa a chipika thovu. Mbali yoyamba amaganiza chilengedwe cha mizere mizere onyamula mtundu wa Mzere maziko. Kuti zichitike pa wozungulira ngalande, wodzala ndi osakaniza mchenga ndi miyala, kenako matope midadada zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo. Kenako, binder ndi aumbike ku kapangidwe yazokonza pansi pa zitsulo cholimba kapena kwanthawi. Njira ya chiwiri ntchito mu ntchito ndi zinthu, udzafunidwa mwa mawu a kukana kuti katundu mkulu. Mu chiwembu iyi yoimba kutchera maziko midadada kwathunthu kudutsa malo. Thovu chipika iyoyomwe otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe, katundu chimateteza, chomasuka akuchitira ndi mtengo wochepa. Choncho, pamaso pa kupeza ntchito yapamwamba ya barani ngati zili yosungirako-udzafunidwa mu njira ili likhoza kukhala maziko abwino.

Kodi kusankha njira yabwino ya maziko?

Isanafike kusanthula options zotheka maziko abwino ayenera chimatanthauza ntchito kuchitidwa ndi khola, ndi zikhalidwe za ntchito zake. Pakuti nyumba yaing'ono m'chigawo otchulidwa udzakhala wokwanira mulu maziko ndi ndodo Mipikisano chonyamulira. Akutsutsa lalikulu ndi zofunika kumanga maziko monolithic - mwachitsanzo, olimba screed simenti kapena maonekedwe a chipika nsanja. njira izi kulola kumanga cholimba ndi otetezedwa bwino pansi pa maziko pansi shedi. manja ake monolith akuyendera muyezo Zida zogwiritsira ntchito, koma pamafunika khama kwambiri thupi. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa stacking midadada kungafune thandizo la wina, monga yochepa.

Kodi n'zotheka kumanga okhetsedwa yopanda maziko?

Kumene, kwathunthu popanda gawo lapansi m'munsi samabwera kunja, koma kukhathamiritsa la magawo structural wa shedi, zina wolungama. Choncho, ngati palibe zofunikira strict kwa kutchinjiriza ikukhudzana n'zotheka kuchepetsa unsembe wa chimango pa midadada anayi simenti zotayana mu ngodya ya nyumba za m'tsogolo. Mukhoza kupanga okhetsedwa popanda maziko ndi nthaka kutsukidwa. Ntchito imeneyi zambiri akuyendera ntchito nyumba zoduliratu, yomwe okhwima mitengo kapena zitsulo nsanja, m'malo maziko m'munsi. Koma sibwino kuiwala kuti maziko tingachipeze powerenga komanso amaonetsetsa pamwamba mlingo. Choncho n'kofunika kusintha ❖ kuyanika poyamba akhakula kotero kuti analibe zolakwika zikuluzikulu za m'dera lonse la Kumwamba.

Pomaliza

Taganizirani mmene maziko m'matupi yaikulu gawo la shedi sizolondola. Ngakhale ntchito Mkhalidwe wa m'munsi osaphatikiza yomanga zina chipangizo angatiombole zambiri mokoma mavuto pa ntchito. Chinthu chachikulu kuyang'ana pamene zofanana maziko okhetsedwa ndi maziko ake structural, ndi njira ya kupanga ubwenzi airtight. kusintha kwa nthawi anachita pa simenti kapena matabwa chipika ku mbiri ya chitsulo. Chotsatira ndi zilonda zazikulu pa chimango cha barani, amene angathe kukhala zigawo angapo. Polumikiza mabacteria zikhoza kukonzedwa mankhwala ena omatira, mchere ubweya ndi msonkhano thovu.