Kodi dongosolo hydroponic? Kufotokozera za mitundu ikuluikulu kachitidwe hydroponic. Hydroponics dongosolo ndi manja awo

Kukula zokolola atsopano - izo si zothandiza, komanso chochitika opindulitsa. Pakuti masiku chilengedwe m'tauni n'kovuta kuyerekeza ntchito miyambo dziko. Nthawi zambiri ndi ulimi kutentha. Komanso, dziko masamba, zitsamba, maluwa ndi zina zokolola atsopano si otchuka. ndi wamba machitidwe onse hydroponic.

mfundo zofunika

Choncho, chimene kwenikweni hydroponics? Ponena kuti apange mawu, tikuona Greek "madzi" ndi "ntchito". M'chizungumo, likukhalira - "madzi ntchito". Ndipotu, madzi oyera si ntchito. Ndi za njira amadzimadzi ndi zakudya. A dongosolo hydroponic - izi ndi zinthu chongopeka analenga chifukwa kulima mankhwala wobiriwira kwathunthu popanda nthaka. Nthawi zina pali gawo lapansi mwachindunji kuti sichoncho. Malinga ichi, kudziwa mitundu ingapo ya machitidwe kwa hydroponics.

Mu gawo lapansi kumvetsa thunthu kapena chomwe mizu ya zomera kukula. The gawo lapansi mu hydroponics pang'ono ankatsutsa Chikhalidwe cha dziko. Izi zikhoza kukhala mchenga, peat, kukodzedwa dongo, ndi zina - ngakhale monga mpweya. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mchere ubweya kachitidwe hydroponic. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa gawo lapansi kuchokera pansi kuti si kudyetsa zomera, koma zimangokolezera kukhala osonyeza njira chakudya.

matanthauzo zofunika, angaphunzire machitidwe hydroponic ndi "kufufuza zinthu" ndi "mlingo wa pH». Micronutrients - kodi chofunika mbewu iliyonse mu chiwerengero ena. Nthaŵi iliyonse siteji ya kukula lako za kufufuza zinthu chofunika aliyense mbewu. A mlingo pH a acidity amalola kumasulila ndi kulenga zofunika kukula ndi zinthu zakudya.

ubwino zofunika

kachitidwe Hydroponic ndi angapo ubwino pa njira ochiritsira wa ulimi, monga:

1. Kupitiriza kukula. Chifukwa chakudya zonse, zomera kukhala mosalekeza. Sipangakhale chilala kapena mvula masiku. zinthu kukula ndi anakhalabe pa mlingo wa akadakwanitsira ndi yabwino.
2. Inapita patsogolo chitukuko ndi kusasitsa. Popeza mphamvu umaperekedwa mu mode mosalekeza, ndiponso amaganizira kukula adzizungulira, zomera kukhala mayendedwe unakula. Ndipo ngati m'chilengedwe pali zoletsa zambiri (chiwerengero cha masiku dzuwa pa chakudya, pa acidity wa ankhanza a), pa hydroponics pafupifupi palibe. Ndi makulidwe mbewu okha okha ndi malamulo zidayika chibadwa.
3. Luso kukonza. Njira kukula ndi kusasitsa mukhoza kuwerengera ndi amaneneratu molondola zodabwitsa.

A zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya hydroponics

Popeza zosiyanasiyana zinthu zomwe zonse ndondomeko ya zomera zikule mu hydroponics, pali machitidwe ambiri ndi luso. Ambiri, pali mbali yaikulu asanu, pakati pawo "chabe" ndi "wamphamvu".

Chophweka - chingwe. Muzu maziko - mawu akuti "chingwe". dongosolo zachokera kotunga njira michere amayenderera kupyolera mu zingwe za. Pamene kuvala ali chotengera osiyana ndi kudyetsa mizu ya zomera kudzera makina pamaziko a mmene capillary. Zimene okwanira ndi losavuta ndi yotsika mtengo. dongosolo ndi "chabe," kuti ikutha lokha. Munthu ayenera yekha kuwayang'anira mlingo wa yothetsera michere mu thanki ndi onse.

ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka

Mfundo opaleshoni ali pafupi ndi dongosolo wicking okha Chakudya si palokha, koma ndi mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka. Chifukwa chaichi palinso chidebe cha njira ndi chubu kulumikiza mpope ndi zomera. Pakuti kulamulira otaya pali powerengetsera yosavuta. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka:

• Kusintha mtundu, mwachitsanzo, ndi mphamvu njira ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Mwaukadaulo, izo akuyendera ndi lakuya kwa thireyi ndi zomera kumbuyo mu chidebe ndi kuvala lapansi. chimake ichi, pa dzanja limodzi, ndi zambiri ndalama, Komano - kumafuna kudziletsa kwambiri chifukwa kusintha pH chizindikiro.
• Sakufuna kusintha mtundu. Pankhaniyi, yankho michere kudutsa gawo lapansi ndiponso kudyetsa zomera mizu, kalekale zinaphatikizidwa. Pamafunika nthawi zochepa koma yokwera mtengo.

Hydroponics nthawi yosefukira

Kulima mu dongosolo hydroponic wa mtundu uwu ndi yobereka njira michere ku zomera kuti gawo lapansi pa intervals anakonzeratu powerengetsera. Chakudya mpope mchere kupangidwa ndi pambuyo kuchotsa chakudya njira chatsanulidwa kumbuyo kenako ndi zobwezerezedwanso. Nthawi pakati pa mayikidwe a mizu ya zomera mwachibadwa lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, kuti ladzala ndi oxygen. Mwa zolakwa za ngati njira tisaiwale kudalira mpope, choncho pa magetsi. Ndipotu, ngati nthawi sizikupanga ya magetsi, mizu chabe adzauma. kulakwa amakhudza onse dongosolo yogwira hydroponic.

Chakale dongosolo la wosanjikiza michere

njira A mu wosanjikiza hydroponic michere ambiri. Apa, mosiyana ndi Baibulo m'mbuyomu, safunikira powerengetsera. madzi chakudya umayenda mwa gawo lapansi kwa zomera mtsinje mosalekeza. Amafuna acidity mlingo chizindikiro kulamulira pH, popeza yankho akufalitsa bwalo.

Zomera chakula njira iyi akukulira mofulumira kwambiri, koma zambiri "odekha". Mu chochitika cha kuvala ndi mofulumira simudzalola ndi tingafe. Pofuna kupewa milandu zosasangalatsa ndi kuwapempha kuti akapezeke pa kubwerera gwero la magetsi. Ndi zothandiza kuti ntchito gawo lapansi, kutenga chinyezi ndi zakudya, monga ulusi kokonati.

Culture madzi

Njira yabwino kwa kulima zomera madzi kukoma. Pakuti pano mizu ya zomera zimapezeka nthawi zonse madzi. Ikukhala ngati nsanja akuyandama mu njira michere ya thovu, amene anaphatikiza mbewu. dongosolo ndi "wamphamvu", monga mpope ntchito aeration. Kuti aonetse, inu mosavuta lizigwirizana Aquarium akale. Mwa zolakwa za taonera ochepa mitundu chomera kukhala wamkulu mu njira iyi.

aeroponics

Njira yokhayo mu hydroponics, pamene gawo lapansi ndi mlengalenga. Mphamvu kotunga wapangidwa mizu ya zomera madzi nkhungu. The zomera eni kupenyetsetsa pa enaake kuchokera pamwamba ndi kuyang'ana atapachikidwa mu mlengalenga. Aeroponics amafuna mawerengedwe kusamala ndi zida apamwamba. Mu nkhani ya mphamvu wolephera kapena kulephera kwa zomera aliyense zida ali pa chiopsezo.

The lothandiza njira imeneyi ndi kuthekera kupanga kachitidwe makina kwathunthu. Komanso mu mlengalenga n'zochepa mbewu kuipitsidwa, zomwe zingachitike mu gawo lapansi ndi. Aeroponics kufanizitsa ndi machitidwe ena, onani ntchito kwambiri ndalama za madzi. Komanso, aeration amphamvu amalimbikitsa kukula ndi kusasitsa wa zomera.

Hydroponics makampani

Industrial machitidwe hydroponic ankagwiritsa ntchito m'mizinda, komanso kulikonse komwe palibe kuthekera kwa ntchito nthaka. Akuti, poyerekeza ndi ulimi muyezo hydroponic akhoza kukwaniritsa 20 khola kuwonjezeka kupanga. Inde, pamene inu muyenda ndalama za dongosolo udzakhala wokwanira. Pa nthawi yomweyo kukhalabe ulimi hydroponic amafuna kudziwa apadera, popanda imene amadyera yowala ndi poonerera mwamsanga kulowa ziyambe kukonzedwa. Komabe, kuipa onse anaposa zinthu zabwino:

• mkulu zokolola mu nthawi yochepa;
• ndalama gwero;
• pakalibe matenda ndi namsongole;
• osachepera chiwerengero cha antchito.

Mwachitsanzo, kufunika masamba atsopano ndi mkulu mu US, ngakhale pamaso pa minda zawo, katundu ndi kunja kwa oyandikana Mexico ndi Canada. Pa nthawi yomweyo mafakitale minda hydroponic kutenga gawo la mahekitala 25. Palinso minda payekha payekha, zomwe ndi zochokera m'madera ambiri modzichepetsa mahekitala 0.5.

Hydroponics kunyumba

Panopa machitidwe kunyumba hydroponic akukonda kwambiri. Ndipo amaitana mwayi kunyumba mofulumira kukula mankhwala wathanzi. Iwo ankadziwa kuti hydroponics singagwire chiwembu munthu, amene amapereka kwambiri ndi wosangalala abwino, osati mu mawonekedwe a mbewu a. Pofuna kuyamba kukula zomera panyumba, pali njira zosachepera ziwiri: kapena kugula okonzeka zopangidwa zida kuchita zonse nokha. Hydroponic dongosolo, analengedwa ndi manja awo - chodabwitsa ambiri, koma zovuta.

Pankhani zida kuphika ndi chinthu chimodzi. Pankhaniyi, ife tikhoza kukhazikitsa malo abwino, konzani njira yothetsera dongosolo hydroponic ndi mothamanga. Pankhani ya kudziletsa kupanga n'kofunika kuti akonze zinthu zonse zawo. Kodi zitenga? Nthawi zambiri ndi:

• chidebe za njira michere pa mlingo wa pafupifupi 3 malita pa mbewu;
• mpope (oyenera Aquarium mphamvu mosavuta zolondola);
• kupanga zomera;
• ndi gawo lapansi;
• anapereka kwa hoses.

Mu pulasitiki aliyense angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma CD chidebe. Pamene akukonzekera dongosolo lalikulu ndi bwino kukhazikitsa flasks angapo mpaka malita 50, kuposa chimodzi chachikulu. Kenaka akhale opaque (kuteteza maluwa njira). Ngati izi si pa dzanja, chithandizo adzafika mtundu. Zomera conveniently wotetezedwa miphika kwa mbande. Njira izi muli ndi mabowo machined ndi chiyembekezo pambuyo kukonza mbande pakati pansi ndi njira anakhalabe mpweya.

Kamodzi zokonzekera zonse amapangidwa, anasonkhana. Mbande lili muli ndi gawo lapansi, amene nawonso, ndi kuliika mu chitini michere yankho. Kugwiritsa hoses udzakhazikitsidwe kulankhulana pakati pa mpope ndi chidebe. mzere umodzi amapita kudyetsa ena, otchedwa "thanki mzere" - kukhetsa. chidebe imene Chakudya ayenera anakonza ndi otsetsereka chifukwa ngalande zachilengedwe ndipo makope zonse ndi zigawo mchere wa njira.

A pang'ono zimapangidwira

Pakuti bwino ndi moyenera chitukuko zomera zinthu aliyense zofunika monga phosphorous, potaziyamu, nayitrogeni, calcium, magnesium ndi sulfure. Ndalama zocheperako ayenera kudyedwa manganese, chitsulo, nthaka, molybdenum, boron, chlorine ndi mkuwa. Kumbukirani kuti fetereza kachitidwe hydroponic ndi manja awo anapangidwa kufanana kwambiri. Ndi kuvomerezedwa pambuyo kuphika ayenera kuwunika pH phindu njira.

Kutithandiza kuona mu hydroponic njira michere tiyenera kuziganizira. Mmene bwino anasankha kuphatikiza kufufuza zinthu zonse zofunika kudzadalira pafupifupi chilichonse. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya osakaniza ngati zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komanso nthawi zina kukula ndi chitukuko amafuna makamaka owonjezekera kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu.

njira michere mu hydroponics

Pali njira ziwiri. M'nthawi basi anagula kuika lamanja la kufufuza zinthu ndi feteleza kachitidwe hydroponic, ndi chirichonse sitimadzipereka mu kufanana anasonyeza. Madzi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti atenge yophika kapena otchezedwa. Pa chiopsezo chanu mungachite wamba anakakhala mpopi. Ndiye chabe kulamulira kusintha zikuchokera, kuwonjezera, ndipo patapita - m'malo. Izi njira yabwino kwambiri, koma ndi wokwanira mtengo ena.

Mu mulandu wina, mukhoza kukonza njira kwa kachitidwe hydroponic ndi manja awo. Pakati pa okonzeka zopangidwa maphikidwe, mukhoza kusankha yachiwiriyo kuti ali oyenera osiyanasiyana zomera.

1. yankho A ndi zomera deciduous wosakwiya kukula: masupuni 2 potaziyamu wa phosphate, 2.5 - nitrate potassium 4.5 - kashiamu nitrate and 4 - mankhwala enaake a sulphate kusungunuka malita 40 a madzi. Kuti njira Chinawonjezeka kusungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre 1,25 supuni asidi boric, 1/10 supuni manganese mankhwala enaake. Mbali yomaliza anawonjezera 4/5 supuni chelate chitsulo malita 1.6 a madzi.
2. Njira yothetsera kukula masamba ndi wachikondi kuwala: 2 teaspoons potaziyamu wa phosphate, 4 - potaziyamu nitrate, 4.5 - kashiamu nitrate and 4 - mankhwala enaake a sulphate malita 40 a madzi. Ndiye njira ziwiri adaonjezeredwa asidi boric, manganese mankhwala enaake ndi chelate chitsulo monga tafotokozazi.

Pomaliza

Hydroponics - adzapeza malangizo kwa kupanga zokolola atsopano mu mafakitale ndi kunyumba. njira Hydroponic ndi ubwino mu mlingo wa kukula ndi mabuku a ulimi. Nthawi zambiri, amakulolani kwathunthu automate ndondomeko kapena kuchepetsa alowererepo anthu yochepa. Complete waika njira zothetsera mchere michere ndi feteleza kachitidwe hydroponic ankagwiritsa ntchito ngakhale mu mapangidwe zogona. Ngakhale zovuta akuoneka, dongosolo hydroponic amatha kupulumutsa monga mankhwala watha, ndipo zambiri zosangalatsa oonerako ndi chisamaliro.