Kawiri Hero wa Soviet Union Makarov Oleg Grigorevich: yonena, zikayenda bwino ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Aluso munthu, sikolala, wotchuka kapangidwe injiniya, cosmonaut Oleg Grigorevich Makarov ndi nzika aulemu mzinda wa limati atatu: Yakutsk (Russian Federation), Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan) ndi Rivne (Ukraine). Chiyambi cha ntchito yake chinachitikira ndi chaka, zimene ankaona chiyambi cha nthawi ya kufufuza malo. Zinali mu 1957, dziko la Soviet Union woyamba mu dziko yokumba Kanema. Ndipo pa chiyambi cha chochitika chofunika anali ndiye mnyamata ndi osadziwika Makarov Oleg Grigorevich.

yonena

Mphotho ya munthu uyu achuluka. Iye anali kawiri Hero wa Soviet Union kuti: mu 1973 ndi 1978. Oleg Grigorevich Makarov anabadwa pa January chimodzi 1933 m'dera Tver mu Udomlya m'mudzi waung'ono m'chigawo chomwecho. Bambo ake anali serviceman, choncho, mu mzere wa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi malo. Pamene iye anali zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri, banja lake anasamukira ku Moldova, kumene izo zinali pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Amayi ndi Oleg yaing'ono anasamutsidwa yoyamba Saratov, ndiye mu Fergana, Uzbekistan. Kuyambira 1943 mpaka 1945 anali kukhala kudera Tver m'mudzi Kesova Góra. Nkhondo itatha, bambo ake anasamukira ku Weimar ku Germany. Pali Makarov Oleg Grigorevich ankakhala ndi banja lake kuchokera 1945 mpaka 1949-TH. Weimar banja anasamukira ku mzinda Ukraine Rivne. Apa mu 1951, mnyamata kumalizira chakhumi kalasi sukulu.

achinyamata

Sukulu zaka Oleg Makarov zinachitika mu nkhondo yovuta ndi zaka unawonongedwa. Pafupipafupi kuyenda kwa malo opanda anthu pamene mnyamatayo anali kuti nthawi zonse azolowere zinthu zatsopano ndi mapulogalamu kuphunzitsa, tidasiya chizindikiro awo pa khalidwe lake. Koma mu 1951, pamene moyo ndi vuto la zachuma Makarov banja kapena zochepa zinayambanso kuyenda bwino, makolo anapereka mwana wake kukhalabe Rivne ndipo kumeneko kupita ku koleji.

Phunziro Baumanke

Koma kale anakhazikitsa khalidwe olimba mnyamata anati mu maganizo ake. Makarov Oleg Grigorevich anasankha njira yovuta kwambiri. Iye anaganiza zopita ku Moscow ndi kulowa apamwamba tehuchilische iwo. Bauman. Mnyamata sekondale anaphunzira alonda amene ankagwira ntchito ndi abambo ake.

Mu likulu, Oleg anakumana ndi msuweni wake. Eugene pa nthawi ankaphunzira mu chaka chomaliza cha MEI. The mnyamata chinathandiza m'bale wake mumzinda sankadziwa kuti.

Chiyambi cha katswiri

Mnyamatayu analowa yunivesite ndipo bwino kuphunzira. dipuloma yake amachita zinachitika mu OKB-1, amene kenako kunagwirizana kwambiri mbiri yake. Oleg Makarov pambuyo sukulu ku sekondale malangizo wakhala alemba ntchito yeniyeni mu bungwe ili monga injiniya.

Pafupifupi zochita za ntchito yake zinachitika mu bungwe. Wotchuka mamangidwe amasinthira walunjika yekha, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Nthawi yomweyo ankakonda Makarov.

Oleg G. ntchito pa chitukuko cha roketi ndi zida malo zomangamanga kachitidwe, anatenga mbali mu mayesero nthaka ndi ndege. Iye Co-Mlembi wa mbiri ya chilengedwe ya mwezi dziko lapansi ndi cosmonaut pa bolodi. Makarov anatenga gawo mwachindunji mu ndondomeko kukhala ndi kapangidwe cilamulo kwa zinakhazikitsa "Vostok" Komanso, iye ntchito pa kusintha kwa sitimayo. Masiku ano pali anthu ochepa, ngakhale pamaso pa ndege yoyamba mu danga anakwanitsa kutero zambiri malo, monga Oleg G ..

Jobs okonza detachment

Achikhalire loyamba opita inayamba mu 1960. Mu gulu loyamba anali kokha oyendetsa asilikali. Zikukhala unit m'dera Moscow, kumene lero ukugwira Cosmonaut Training Centre. Kumeneko tauni yaing'ono inamangidwa, odziwika padziko lonse monga Star. Kenako anatenga kuuluka ndi akatswiri kwambiri aluso. Chifukwa, inakhalapo gulu lina. Mpheroyi akatswiri, chombo ndi opita-ofufuza. Ndi mdalitso wa Mfumukazi mu kumuwombera pambuyo pa dongosolo loyenera zachipatala Kupenda chinalembedwa mu 1966 ndipo Makarov Oleg Grigorevich - ndi wokayenda pamwezi, amene ankayenera kudutsamo lovuta kwambiri ndipo m'malo yaitali kukonzekera nthawi pamaso loto lake m'mlengalenga m'chilengedwe wopandamalire anadzazidwa.

pulogalamu mwezi

Kuyambira 1967 Makarov kwa 1968, pamodzi ndi A. Leonov ankakonza popita ku mwezi. Koma sizinachitike. pulogalamu mwezi chinatsekedwa kwa zifukwa zingapo, wamkulu amene anali mizinga ngozi pa Launch awo opanda. Sanali kukhala ndi kuuluka Makarova pa DOS-2 - siteshoni yaitali.

Woyamba danga mayeso

Makarova maloto kukhala mu malo lotseguka sanali kukhala mpaka 1973. Only m'chaka cha tsiku la makumi anai a Oleg G. anapanga ndege chake choyamba. Iye anali mu malo masiku atatu (27-29 September). Adalira inkakhala anthu awiri: a Makarov - ndege injiniya wa spacecraft "Soyuz-12" ndi Lazareva. ndegeyi, ambiri amatchedwa wapadera. chakuti iye anali woyamba pambuyo ngozi oopsa 1971, sitima ndi opita V. Volkov, G. Dobrovolsky ndi V. Patsaeva pa bolodi.

Makarov ndi Vladimir Lazarev amayenera kuzifufuza zochita zonse kapangidwe ndi zinthu zina, komanso kuona masuti atsopano. Flight inatha bwinobwino. Pakuti ungwazi wolimba mtima komanso Makarov Oleg Grigorevich anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union.

ngozi

ichi adalira ndege yotsatira pang'ono kutha tsoka. Chachisanu mu April 1975 roketi ndi Makarov ndi Lazarev analowa m'ngalawamo bwinobwino ku Baikonur Launch malo. Komabe, pamene izo aikidwa mu kanjira zinachitika mwadzidzidzi. Izo zinachitika pa nthawi imene spacecraft anali pansi pa kutalika kwa pafupifupi mazana awiri makilomita. Mwamwayi, amayamba mwadzidzidzi kupulumutsidwa dongosolo. Chifukwa, ndi chombo pa mbadwa kapisozi ejected. zinali zoopsa. Chombo aima nthawi makumi awiri zimamuchulukira, lomwe kale palibe munthu kukhala nacho. Iye akhapidziwa kuti thupi la munthu si abwino amenewa. Komabe, Oleg Grigorevich Makarov (cosmonaut), monga, ndithudi, ndi VG Lazarev, anali ophunzitsidwa bwino kuti anathandiza. Adalira kwa kulimbamtima anali kupereka dongosolo la Lenin.

Kamodzi m'gulu mbiri ya ndege mayeso sanali anthu lotsatira Makarova ndi Lazarev anali okayikitsa. Komabe, iye sanaganize choncho, Oleg G .. chikhumbo chake chachikulu ndi khalidwe amphamvu pamodzi ndi thanzi labwino zinamuthandiza kuti wokayenda pamwezi ali flights malo awiri. Komabe, wachiwiri adalira membala VG Lazarev sanalinso mbali.

Zachitika pa kufufuza malo

Makarova anatenga ndege yotsatira mu January 1978, pamene iye monga ndege injiniya pa m'mlengalenga "Soyuz 27" anafika ku siteshoni yaitali "Salyut-6". Adalira analinso V. Janibekov. M'ngalawa siteshoni anali chombo Romanenko ndi Grechko.

nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya kufufuza malo kumene pa pafupi-Earth kanjira malo ovuta anali atasonkhana, ndi kutalika za makumi atatu mamita, ndi kulemera - makumi atatu pa tonne. Mpheroyi siteshoni danga ndi awiri zinakhazikitsa spacecraft. chombo anakumana anamaliza ntchitoyo mwangwiro ndipo anali ndi zosaneneka ntchito kafukufuku. Zinali chinthu china kuwonjezera nthawi spaceflight. Choncho anayamba ndondomeko ya kulenga danga mu nyumba yaikulu kafukufuku. Pakuti ndegeyi Makarov analandira Mendulo chachiwiri "Gold Star".

spaceflight wake wotsiriza Oleg G. anachita pa zaka forte-eyiti. Cholinga chachikulu cha ulendo uno anali kukonza dongosolo matenthedwe ulamuliro wa yozungulira siteshoni yaitali. Nthawi anali masiku khumi. Inali ntchito amazipanga yovuta, koma chombo kupirira nazo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu 1980, Oleg G. kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake kwa mlingo wa phungu wa sayansi ndi luso. Mu 1986, iye anachotsedwa pa zifukwa zaumoyo dongosolo, anabwerera zomangamanga zikuluzikulu. Mu kwawo ku RSC "Energia" adakhalabe udindo wa mtsogoleri wachiwiri.

Ndi mkazi wake, Valentina Soldatovoy Oleg Grigorevich anakumana mu 1960, OKB-1. Mu chaka chomwecho anakwatira. Mu 1961 banjali mwana woyamba anabadwa. Palimodzi ana Makarov awiri. Mu 1998, Olegu Grigorevichu anapanga CDB opaleshoni ya mtima, koma iye sanathe mokwanira achire. Iye anafa kawiri Hero wa Soviet Union Makarov Oleg wa makumi awiri ndi chitatu wa May 2003 pa dacha wake kunja Moscow. Anali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Oleg G. m'manda ku Moscow Ostankino manda.

Makarov sanasunge ndi Archive munthu, koma banja lake ankatha kusonkhanitsa ndalama yaikulu zipangizo ndi kuwapitirira kwa Space Museum. Kwambiri ntchito ikuchitika ndi ana ake, mothandizidwa ndi anzake ku amasinthira lapansi.