Kaswili: humerus. Kapangidwe ka humerus ndi

Kwa kuchita ntchito ya chithandizo, kuyenda ndi chitetezo m'thupi mwathu ali dongosolo monga mafupa, minofu, tendons ndi Mitsemphayi. ziwalo zanga zonse kukula ndi kukhala mogwirizana. Kapangidwe zawo ndi katundu amene anaphunzira sayansi thunthu. The humerus ndi mbali ya ufulu chapamwamba nthambi pamodzi ndi mafupa a mkono ndi chapamwamba nthambi lamba - clavicle ndi scapula - imapereka kayendedwe chipangizo makina a dzanja. Mu pepala ili, chitsanzo cha humerus, ife kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mfundo za machitidwe a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa ndi kupeza momwe zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka ntchito anachita.

Features mafupa tubular

Triangular kapena cylindrical mawonekedwe ndi khalidwe la zigawo za mafupa ndi - mafupa yaitali kuti ndi zinthu wolemekezeka monga epiphysis (fupa m'mbali) ndi thupi lake (diaphysis). zigawo zitatu - ndi periosteum, fupa lokha ndi endoost - ali mbali ya diaphysis wa humerus lapansi. ufulu chapamwamba nthambi thunthu tsopano amamudziwa kuphunzira. Amadziwika kuti epiphyses akupanga cancellous fupa, koma dipatimenti chapakati ankaimira lamellae. Iwo amapanga zinthu yaying'ono. Mtundu yaitali mafupa tubular: phewa, m'zigongono, ntchafu. Matenda a humerus, amene anapereka m'munsimu chithunzi limasonyeza kuti mawonekedwe ake abwino Cholinga mapangidwe mankhwala a lamba makina ndi mafupa a malekezero kumtunda ndi mkono.

Kodi mafupa yaitali

Pa embryonic Kukula kwa humerus ndi mafupa lonse aumbike pakati wosanjikiza nyongolosi - mesoderm. Kumayambiriro kwa sabata yachisanu ya mimba ya mwana wosabadwayo ali mesenchymal zigawo otchedwa bookmarks. Iwo kukula m'litali ndi kutenga maonekedwe a mafupa tubular wa phewa, amene ossification akupitiriza atabadwa. Pamwamba pa humerus aphimbidwa ndi periosteum. Izi chipolopolo woonda ongokhala minofu connective ndi kukhala nthambi zopezera Mitsempha ndi mapeto mitsempha kuti kupanga fupa lenileni ndi kupereka mphamvu zake ndi innervation. Ndi ili m'mbali utali wonse mafupa tubular ndi ndipamene wosanjikiza loyamba diaphysis lapansi. Pamene anakhazikitsa sayansi thunthu, humerus, yokutidwa ndi periosteum lili zotanuka CHIKWANGWANI mapuloteni - kolajeni, komanso maselo wakupambulika dzinache osteoblasts ndi osteoclasts. Iwo analumikizana padziko ngalande chapakati Haversian. Ndi zaka, iye ali wodzazidwa ndi chikasu mafupa.

Self-machiritso, kukonza ndi kukula makulidwe a mafupa tubular mu mafupa anthu ikuchitika kudzera periosteum lapansi. Specific thunthu la humerus pakati pa diaphysis lapansi. Iwo ali pamwamba vuto limene amamangiriridwa pamwamba deltoid. Pamodzi ndi lamba wa miyendo chapamwamba ndi phewa ndi mkono mafupa limatipatsa zochotsa ndi Anabweza wa chigongono ndi mkono ndi kumbuyo kutsogolo kwa iye.

Kutanthauza epiphysis mafupa yaitali

Mapeto a mafupa tubular pa mapewa lotchedwa epiphysis muli wofiira mafupa ndi zigwirizana mankhwala chofewa ngati siponji. maselo ake Maselo magazi - maselo ofiira ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. Epiphyses okutidwa ndi periosteum, ndi mbale ndi zingwe otchedwa trabeculae Bony. Iwo anakonza pa ngodya kwa wina ndi mzake ndipo zimapanga pakati mkati mwa mawonekedwe a cavities KA wodzazidwa minofu hematopoietic. Kodi chimatanthauza thunthu, dongosolo la humerus fupa la mafupa a wake ndi fosholo ndi mafupa a mkono m'malo ovuta. The articular padziko humerus ali proximal ndi wapotalikira malekezero. Bone mutu ali pamwamba otukukira kunja TACHIMATA ndi hyaline chichereŵechereŵe nalowanso M'mimbamo wa tsamba. Special chichereŵechereŵe mapangidwe scapular maganizo - articular mlomo - akutumikira monga absorber mantha, pokonza kulasa ndi concussions pa gulu phewa. The kapisozi a olowa phewa ndi mapeto atakolekedwa tsamba, ndi zina - mutu wa humerus ndi, likumira kuti khosi lake. Iwo limakhazikitsa kugwirizana kwa lamba phewa ndi nthambi chapamwamba ufulu.

Features wa mapewa ndi mawondo zimfundo

Monga wokhazikitsidwa ndi thunthu la munthu, humerus ndi gawo osati olowa ozungulira phewa, koma wina - ndi mawondo zovuta. Tikumbukenso kuti phewa olowa ndi mafoni ambiri mu thupi la munthu. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa dzanja ndi chida chachikulu cha ntchito ntchito, ndipo sayenda ake amagwirizana ndi anatengera kuyenda wolungama ndi kumasula nawo gululi.

Chigongono olowa wapangidwa ndi mankhwala zitatu kugwirizana wamba articular kapisozi. Wapotalikira humerus zikugwirizana ndi ulna, chimene chinapanga ginglymoid olowa. Imodzi condyle wa humerus mutu akulowa dzenje la chimaliziro proximal wa utali wozungulira, kupanga brachioradialis kugwirizana makina.

Zina dongosolo phewa

Normal thunthu la humerus kumaphatikizapo yaikuluikulu apophyses - tokhala, amene achoka ku zitunda lapansi. Iwo amatumikira ubwenzi minofu phewa. Palinso poyambira kutumikira monga mpando wa tendon kukongola. Kumalire ndi thupi la diaphysis fupa, pansipa apophysis, ndi khosi opaleshoni. Ndi pachiopsezo mu kuvulala zoopsa za pamapewa - dislocations ndi fractures. mafupa pakati pa thupi ndi gawo m'goli ndi amene Ufumuyo minofu deltoid, ndi kumbuyo kwake - mzere mawonekedwe mwauzimu, amene kumizidwa mitsempha zozungulira. Kumalire a epiphyseal ndi diaphyseal gawo mabodza, mofulumira kugawa maselo chifukwa kukula kwa humerus m'litali.

Dysfunctions wa humerus ndi

Zoipa ambiri ndi phewa wovulala ngati waponya kapena amphamvu makina mantha. chifukwa kwagona kuti olowa alibe Mitsemphayi awa ofunika ndi minofu yokha corset lamba miyendo kumtunda ndi binder wothandiza, ndi mawonekedwe a kolajeni fibrils mtengo. minofu zofewa zotupa ndi zachilendo phewa limodzi monga tendinitis ndi capsulitis. Mbali yoyamba kumakhaladi zowonongeka supraspinatus tendon, infraspinatus, minofu yaing'ono chonse. matenda ena kumachitika chifukwa cha kutupa mu phewa olowa kapisozi.

Kudwala mumphangayo limodzi ndi ululu mu dzanja ndi phewa, Kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa olowa phewa pamene kukweza manja kumbuyo bungwe awo anatchulidwa mu dzanja. Zizindikiro zonsezi asamapatsire ntchito ndi thukuta.

Mu pepala ili, tinaphunzira thunthu la humerus ndipo mwapezeka kugwirizana kwake ndi ntchito anachita.