José Saramago: yonena, mabuku

Katswiri mawu anapereka dziko wokongola dzuwa Portugal. Pakuti luntha lake José Saramago anali kupereka mphoto ya Nobel ndi kutchuka lonse. ntchito zake masiku ano kuwerenga pafupifupi maiko onse a dziko lapansi pa iwo kuwombera mafilimu amene udindo waukulu afika zisudzo ŵa mu Hollywood.

Kuzama kwa tanthauzo molondola, zithunzi, zophiphiritsa, ndipo zosiyanasiyana okondweretsa la zojambulajambula - izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa mabuku ake, osanenapo chidwi otchuka ndi mmene kulenga wamoyo, kaphatikizidwe zizoloŵezi zoyambirira za magulu angapo zolembalemba.

munthu

Makamaka chifukwa cha dziko la José Saramago analankhula za mabuku ndi chikhalidwe cha Portugal. Mu 1992 anakhazikitsa mu Lisbon, ndi Front National kutetezela Cultural Heritage, ndipo mu 1998 wolemba anali kupereka mphoto yake apamwamba. The mabuku a wolemba anaganiza kunena kuti Kuzindikira zamatsenga, koma kwenikweni ali ndi Mipikisano faceted kuti Chili zabwino zonse wapereka kuposa mabuku dziko. Koma mbali yaikulu ya iwo angatchedwe, mwina, umunthu kwambiri maganizo mtheradi a anthu, ukuonekera pa kuteteza anthu ku mavuto onse komanso zochitika. Mawu makamaka momveka bwino udindo izi zimapezeka mu buku lotchedwa "Khungu", omwe lero ndi chimodzi yotchuka kwambiri ndi otchuka pa dziko lonse lapansi.

Magwero a wolemba tsogolo

Kodi José Saramago, mnyamata ku banja yosavuta wamba, tiyerekeze kuti pamene akhala m'modzi wa oimira otsogolera dziko la alimi zolembalemba nthawi yake? Ambiri mwina, palibe.

Malinga ndi mwini ubwana anali kovuta - wangayo, kusowa ndalama, imfa oyambirira a m'bale wake wamkulu, ndithudi, anasiya chizindikiro ena pa munthu kulenga ya woyambitsa tsogolo la bestseller lonse. Ngakhale izi, José Saramago anali wokhoza kwambiri mwana, mwini maganizo Nditchimo ndi kuganiza omveka. Popeza kuti makolo sangakwanitse kulipira sukulu zabwino, pa msinkhu wa zaka 12 mnyamata anakakamizidwa kuyamba maphunziro m'munda luso, kuti athe kukhala moyo, monga iwo amati, ndi manja awo.

Kuyambira pansi

Akamaliza maphunziro Zhoze Saramago, amene Mabuku kuwerenga padziko lonse lapansi lero, kwa zaka ziwiri ntchito makaniko mu garaja, ndiyeno anasankha njira yomasulira, amene pa nthawi n'kukhala mtolankhani akatswiri. Kwa kanthawi, tsogolo Nobel ntchito yothandiza mkonzi mu buku la Diario de A Notícias, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ndale mu 1975, anakakamizika kusiya ntchito ndi kubwerera ku ntchito yomasulira.

Kale posachedwa José Saramago, amene mabuku akhala weniweni zolembalemba kutengeka, analengeza ngati wolemba zopeka.

Zokwera ndi zotsika

Ngakhale kuti munthu uyu ndinkangokhala ngati wolemba ake oyambirira zatsopano luso analephera. Imeneyi inali ya talente yake m'malo mochedwa. Wotchuka kwambiri pa nthawiyo ankaona kuti ntchito ya Saramago mwina, "Uthenga Malinga ndi Yesu Khristu," koma buku ili liri ake manyazi kwambiri m'dziko ambiri otchuka.

N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti bukuli akupereka kaonedwe zina pa nkhani ya m'Baibulo kuti mwina si lofanana ndi otsatira zikhulupiriro okhwima achipembedzo. Fanizo mtundu wa nkhani, Izitu n'zovutitsa limene limafotokoza maganizo ena, kutsutsa kwambiri Old Testament Yahweh Yesu anayambitsa ndithu kumveka kwakukulu ndipo zosiyanasiyana mayankho. Komabe, patatha chaka chimodzi amasulidwe buku la "The Gospel Malinga ndi Yesu Khristu," Saramago anali kupereka ndi mphoto apamwamba - ndi Nobel Prize.

Topic chidwi wonse

Tikumbukenso kuti pamwamba dzina lake mankhwala si yekha mtundu wake. Poganizira yekha kuli Mulungu, wolemba Komabe, kwambiri za ntchito yake khama nkhani zachipembedzo kapena malingaliro pafupi ndi iye. Pakuti José Saramago "Uthenga Wabwino" iyo inali chabe mawu ambiri omveka a malingaliro ananena a anthu kupambana anthu pa chiphunzitso cha chipembedzo, koma monga kale, ndipo patapita zinaonetsera ntchito ndipo anamupangitsa kuyankha tikuyamba owerenga padziko lonse.

"Anatola"

Mwina ndi ntchito loyamba la wolemba, walandira olengeza ndithu ndipo anapambana chikondi miyandamiyanda. Zifukwa loyamba la buku owerenga amatsegula kukongola zosaneneka za Portugal, zokhudza chipolowe cha mitundu ndi ena chithumwa pafupifupi zamatsenga. Koma pa kunyanyala yemweyo amene akukhumba, kuti mkwiyo ndi ululu wa kwawo, José Saramago m'kukoma mzera uliwonse.

Chotero suoneka ndi mwatsatanetsatane zimene kwalembedwa ntchito, ofufuza kale anafotokoza chiyambi cha wolemba ku banja wamba. Ngakhale dzina la wolemba unakhazikitsidwa molakwa ndi etymologically kuti dzina wotchuka wa pa radish zakutchire. kugwirizana cholimba wauzimu ndi dziko, wolemba mbadwa, mbasowa chinyezimiro mu ntchito zake.

"Sindidzaiwala obisika a"

Ntchito imeneyi Zhoze Saramago Vatican ndemanga anali kwenikweni lolimba. A maganizo kutchulidwa odana ndi zachipembedzo, monga momwe ntchito imeneyi, sakanakhoza kupita padera ndi anachititsa furore. Yofunika kuchita zinthu mwachangu watipatsa mfundo zimene ngati mbali yaikulu buku anali ngati wamatsenga, amene, ndithudi, sanali oyenera worldview anthu a kwambiri zinthu zachipembedzo.

Komabe, bukuli zambiri poyerekeza ndi buku Umberto Eko "Dzina la Rose", nayenso anakhala bestseller lonse.

"Khungu"

Ntchito imeneyi mwina akhoza kuti anali mmodzi wa omvera kwambiri lapamtima. view loyambirira la Chivumbulutso, ndi nkhani inimitable, chosiyana ndi kalembedwe kulenga ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba mu kupambana kwa anthu anapangidwa "Khungu" dziko wotchuka buku. Komanso, mu kufotokoza filimu zazikulu anapangidwa, udindo waukulu umene anatengera zisudzo ŵa nthawi yathu.

"Kawiri"

Ntchito imeneyi angatchedwe mmodzi wa mdima ndi ovuta kwambiri kuona ntchito za José Saramago. "Kawiri" - buku chimene chimapangitsa owerenga kuyenda pansi pa madzi akuya zotheka m'dziko lawo mkati, kumvetsa phompho kuti kwagona aliyense wa ife ayenera kuganizira za mafunso a chilengedwe ndi moyo. Mwina iye angapezeke ngati ndemanga otsutsana. buku José Saramago a "The kawiri" kuimba nyimbo zotamanda wodzipereka komanso pa nthawi yomweyo, pali zoipa za izo. Chinthu chimodzi chili: mutawerenga palibe osayanjanitsika chikhalire.

Special kulenga chikhalidwe, lingaliro wapadera wa dziko Akumenya kukongola ndi cholondola cha kalembedwe - izi ndi mbali yaikulu ya Jose Saramago ngati wolemba utsogoleri wa Portugal masiku ano mmodzi wa kanjedza zofunika kwambiri mabuku dziko lero. Akubwera kuchokera losavuta amapeza ndalama zochepa wamba banja, osati mwamwayi Mokhumbira ndi kutchuka - anali m'njira anasintha dziko zinapereka mndandanda wa katundu, omwe angatchedwe mwaluso. Bukuli, lomwe linasanduka bestseller lonse. Bukuli, kale nthawi yokhala tingachipeze powerenga.