Jacopo Tintoretto. Zojambula ndi yonena za mbuye wa sukulu Venetian za m'ma XVI

mawu "Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano" nyimbo kuwomba ngakhale novice luso wokonda. Venetian sukulu ya kupenta - mmodzi wa amajambulapo maluwa okongola kwambiri limaonetseratu mu izo. Wamphamvu, wowala poyambira izi nyimbo - kulenga Tintoretto. Zithunzi mbuye ndi yomaliza siteji apamwamba luso Kubadwa Kwatsopano Venice.

kuyambira

Tintoretto moyo wodzala ndi zinsinsi. Ngakhale dzina lenileni la wojambula kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe chinsinsi. Mu 1518, ku Venice, mwana wa nsalu dyer Giovanni Robusti (Tintoretto amatanthauza "dyer pang'ono"), mwana Jacopo. Osati kale litali, zikalata akatswiri Madrid Prado anapezeka, mu lomwe limapezeka dzina enieni ziboliboli - Komin (a chilankhulo m'dera amatchedwa zonunkhira chitowe). Robusta (robusto - mphamvu) - dzina lakuti ya atate ziboliboli, ndi choyenera iwo mu nkhondo ya dziko la Venice. Kenako dzina Tintoretto anayamba kuwonjezera epithet Il Furioso - aukali, monga liwulo okha ambuye wa chilengedwe ndi ndondomeko ya chilengedwe chonse.

Webusayiti koyamba kwa Yakopo Komina zitsulo khoma utoto shopu, ndipo anaona chilengedwe mwana Robusta anamutengera kuphunzira ndi Titian kwambiri. Pali nthano imene atazindikira kukula kwa talente Tintoretto, katswiri nawo nsanje kuti achotse poopa mpikisano m'tsogolo. N'zokayikitsa. Ambiri mwina, ndi Tiziano anazindikira kuti opandukawo mnyamata kukhala wojambula kwambiri, koma sangathe kukhala ophunzira bwino.

Sizikudziwika amene anatenga Tintoretto maphunziro. Zojambula, iye analemba, kutsatira Mwambi alembedwa pa khoma la situdiyo: «Il disegno di Michelangelo Mkonzi il colorito di Tiziano», kutanthauza "Chojambula la Michelangelo ndi Titian a mtundu". Koma phunziro lalikulu yoyamba inasonyeza kuti pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha miyambo luso la Kubadwa Kwatsopano titans pofunafuna zawo kuoneka bwino njira.

"Chozizwitsa cha St. Mark" (1548)

kapolo Mkhristu popanda chilolezo cha mwini, anapanga ulendo ndi zotsalira za St Mark, ndipo anam'patsa thupi ndi moyo. Ndipo pamene mwini anaganiza zolanga woyamba akhungu kapolo, ndiye panayi, St. Mark wotsika Kumwamba ndi kupatsa thupi mnyamata matsenga invulnerability. Malupanga ndi nkhwangwa kuswa ndi zida wosaonekayo, ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa mantha, ndi kunthunthumira khamu lalikulu.

Mipikisano chithunzi zikuchokera otchulidwa plastically ndendende anayamba litadzala ndi kayendedwe kochuruka kwa nthawi ndi malo. Tintoretto akukuitanani kuti yaikulu chinsalu Venetian khamu, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona alendo ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, oimira magulu osiyana siyana. Mzere, wamphamvu mtundu, free gulu la burashi mu kumvera pa kulankhula yowala makutu a zovala - zonsezi wawononga zogwirizana Kubadwa Kwatsopano kupanda mantha, zinagwira malonjezo watsopano Mannerism ndi Baroque m'tsogolo.

Il Furioso Tintoretto

Zotsatira za mbuye ndi yaikulu. Komabe, zojambula zambiri theka Zakachikwi irretrievably anataya. Kumulakalaka ntchito anali aukali kuti kuwaŵerenga malipilo, basi kuti malamulo atsopano. Ambiri a m'nthawi yake mibadwo wotsatira otsutsa lozani disparity analengedwa ndi Tintoretto. Zojambula yaikulu kukula zochitika m'Baibulo muli kuda changu chenicheni. Koma mphamvu ya kutengeka ndi throbbing ndendende ndi mamangidwe chonse, mu umunthu wake, anazindikira mwa onse.

Iye anali oona Kubadwa Kwatsopano munthu. Penti ndi kudenga denga la mipingo ndi nyumba pagulu Venice ndi madera ozungulira. manja ake a ndi zojambula yaikulu mitu achipembedzo, ndi zojambula chipinda nkhani m'nthano. Kukonzekera malamulo atsopano, iye sculpted zitsanzo sera, atavala iwo n'kufufuza kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino kwambiri limaonetseratu. Iye akulimbikira kwambiri ndi kuunika, ntchito usiku wautali ndi makandulo.

"Paradaiso" (1588)

Analenga azikongoletsa m'holo yaikulu ya Palace ya Doges chithunzi cha Tintoretto "Paradaiso" ali ndi kukula mamita 7 mkulu ndi mamita 22 m'lifupi. Amaona padziko lonse lapansi zojambulajambula mafuta kupenta pa lona. "Paradaiso" ndi kupanda m'maganizo wosatha wa mwini, ndi katswiri wa zojambula ndi ufulu njira mtundu.

Ena otchulidwa ntchito asang'ambe ndi kupeza immateriality thupi, chifukwa chotaika khamu lalikulu la mitundu. Ankaona inadmissible mwamtheradi kwa olamulira a High Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Koma m'patali mphamvu zikuluzikulu, ndi swirling kayendedwe ka mitundu ndi mizere zake kale msinkhu wina mu chitukuko cha kupenta.

A maonekedwe atsopano pa chiwembu tingachipeze powerenga

Mmodzi wa katswiri wa ambuye mbuyomu - Tintoretto kupenta "The MGONERO" - olembedwa mu 1592. wojambula lotsiriza lino apilo ku nkhani wotchuka, ndipo kuchepa akufanana ndi chilengedwe tingachipeze powerenga za Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mphamvu tebulo view, amene anali atakhala Khristu ndi atumwi, akuimira malire a dziko lauzimu ndi munthu weniweni. Pachithunzipa ladzala ndi mfundo mwamtheradi lapansi ndiponso anthu, ndipo dziko wakumwamba akuonetsedwa zobisika mpaka wothandizira. Lachinsinsi kuwala panamveka mwa Ambuye ndi ophunzira ake, amapulumutsira danga chithunzi kanjedza pansi okhala. owoneka zapiringizana, kupanga maganizo odabwitsa.

The kupenta ndi Tintoretto "The MGONERO" ndi ofufuza ena amanena za chinthu chomaliza, kusonyeza mlingo wokweretsa wa luso, nthawi yomweyo kubala zizindikiro wamkulu wa mannerism ntchito zake.

awiri kudziletsa zithunzi

Awiriwa wotchuka kudziletsa zithunzi ndi moyo wonse wa mbuye. The kupenta mu 1547, tikuona wochezeka, pafupifupi alibe maso kwa wachinyamata amene akudziwa luntha lake. Iye sanali kulankhula, ali yaitali ntchito mantha.

Pa kudziletsa chithunzi cha 1588 - chithunzicho Tintoretto, amene zojambula kukometsera ambiri zachifumu Venice a. maso ake ali kwinakwake patali. Iye anali kwambiri watopa anaona ulemerero ndi imfa. Iye akuchoka, koma masamba chipatso cha khama wautali kwambiri ndi mkulu kudzoza - nzeru ndi kukongola kwa zojambula wake.