Icon - ndi chiyani ichi? zithunzi wakale ndi tanthauzo lake. ndi mafano mwadzina chiyani?

Icon - mbali yofunika kwambiri ya Chikhristu. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu achigiriki otanthauza "fano." Childs, oyera osiyana, Amayi a Mulungu otchulidwa zithunzi, Iisus Hristos kapena kuchita zimene zinachitika kalelo, ndipo amatchedwa Malemba.

General zokhudza zithunzi, phindu lauzimu

Kunyambita za pa chizindikirochi, osati Ambuye Mulungu. Akukhulupirira kuti anafuna zongowakumbutsa akupemphera kwa Auzimu. Choncho, lembani chizindikiro si nkhope ndi nkhope. ofunika kwambiri pali maso osonyeza kuti kuzama kwa moyo. No zazing'ono ndi dzanja manja kuti kunyamula tanthauzo ena.

Onse a chithunzi ndi airy kwambiri, monga lakonzedwa kusonyeza wanyonga. Ndi mu iyi ndi motsindika.

Pa nthawi ina ya nthawi pakati ojambula zithunzi iwo unadzakhala yotchuka yachipembedzo lathu. Ndipo Ndikufuna - zojambula ndi zithunzi za nkhani yomweyo akufotokozedwa pa izo woyera omwewo, mwachitsanzo. Koma pansi pali chinsalu wauzimu, ndipo lachiwiri ndi ayi. Choncho, m'pofunika kutsatira iconography wakhala nthawi yaitali analemba ovomerezeka kuti kukusalani mfundo mwangozi. Chidutswa amanyamula tanthauzo zina ndi katundu wauzimu.

Icon ku mawonedwe a mbiri

Maonekedwe ndi mafano kunayamba A.D. Ine m'ma amakhulupirira kuti loyamba la iwo analengedwa ndi Luka, amene analemba imodzi mwa mbali ya Uthenga. Malinga ndi Baibulo chachiwiri, njira zakale ali kuti aike pankhope ya Yesu Khristu, pamene bambo akewo chopukutira pa kusamba.

Lang'anani, mafano amakezana anapezeka inalembedwa kale za m'ma VI. Iwo anapangidwa mu Ufumu wa Byzantine, adali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa kulemba mafano. Mu icho chimodzimodzi, koma zambiri mtsogolo, zinalembedwa ndi malamulo a kulemba zithunzi.

History zithunzi ndi nthawi zosiyana. Anali kuzunzidwa ndi kuyanga, ndipo kusintha analilemba. Aliyense wa zithunzi limasonyeza nthawi, aliyense ali wosiyana. A zambiri mafano, exudes mule, misozi, magazi, kuchiritsa odwala mu nthawi ya vuto. Iwo amatengedwa kuti zinthu chopatulika.

Kodi kulenga zithunzi

Icon - monga chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri kwa okhulupirira Choncho, ndondomeko kulenga kuwonetsera kwa nthawi yaitali anafotokoza malamulo, amene adakali zimasungika. Kupanga fano - si kudya, muyenera osachepera miyezi itatu kwa cholinga ichi.

Kujambula zithunzi ali ndi masitepe kuti bwino anati:

• Kusankha mitengo ndi kupanga bolodi, limene lidzakhala maziko.
• Ndiye, pamwamba okonzeka. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti fano anakhalabe nthawi yaitali popanda kusintha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuchita zochita angapo. Nuyambe kuloweza, madzi zomatira ndiye ntchito, pambuyo - phunziroli (gesso). Last iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito maulendo angapo kuti ziume bwinobwino pambuyo - akupera. Nthawi zambiri pamaso pa gesso wosanjikiza ndi glued kapena pavoloka serpyanku (nsalu wapadera).
• Siteji yotsatira - ndi kudziyerekeza. Izi si chomaliza chithunzi - dera chabe. Ziyenera kukhala pambuyo kutigwira chinachake lakuthwa, motero kusochera mwa zigawo zina.
• Ngati chizindikirochi adzakhala gilding, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino tsopano, panthawi imeneyi.
• Tsopano tiyenera kukonzekera utoto. Mndandanda wa chizindikirochi ayenera kumwedwa achilengedwe.
• Woyamba monochromatic utoto ntchito pa moyo ndi dolichnye zinthu.
• Pamenepo adadzanso pachithunzipa. Dolichnye processing woyamba zinthu (malo, zovala), ndiye kujambula maliseche ako (manja, mapazi, nkhope). Komanso lowani chizindikiro (amene akufotokozedwa pa izo).
• Kutsirizitsa kukhudza ndi thandizo varnish kapena lacquer.

Ndiye chizindikirochi uwayeretse.

Kufunika ndi tanthauzo la mafano mu mpingo

mafano onse ali m'kachisi ndi phindu, ali mu malo. M'gulu la iconostasis mpingo yomweyo kuwoneka. Khoma mtengo umene uli patsogolo pa guwa la kachisi. Pa - chifanizo cha moyo wa Khristu, za mavuto ake.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti aliyense mafano chagona mu malo ake Sichangozi. Pakati chofunika ndi otchedwa Deesis mndandanda umene pali zambiri ofera woyera. Pa malo ake - ndi chizindikiro cha Khristu Wamphamvuyonse. Top - holide chithunzi pakati pawo - nkhani za Chipangano Chatsopano.

Pakati pa iconostasis ndi Royal Makomo, amene - guwa. Mbali - mafano ndi nkhope ya Khristu ndi Virgin. Komanso, palinso gawo m'munsi, wodzala ndi zithunzi za oyera mtima, komanso zifanizo za maholide amene kwambiri akulemekezedwa.

Ndikuyankhula zomwe zikutanthauza mafano mu mpingo, tingathe kuona kufunika mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kukumbutsidwa Ambuye kwa anthu okhulupirika. Ena ali ndi udindo monga kuchiritsa matenda awo, kuchita zilakolako za dziko lapansi. Iwo amachitcha komanso woyamikira thandizo.

Akukhulupirira, choncho, kuti mafano mpingo ali intermediaries. Okhulupirira tikudziwa kuti, mwa kugonjera pempho kwa oyera chenicheni za pa iwo ayenera kuyembekezera kuthandiza.

The zithunzi amakezana ndi zaka

Mu Chikhristu, pali zithunzi makamaka atalemekeza kuti abwere kwa ife kuchokera kalelo. Iwo kugwirizana pakati pa nthawi imene nkhani zinachitika mu Baibulo, ndi wathu. Izi zithunzi wakale oyambirira makamaka kusungidwa zakale, koma nthawi zambiri liwonerere kwa makachisi ena.

Mwachitsanzo, mu Kiev Museum of Western ndi Oriental Art nyumba amakezana chizindikiro cha Ioanna Krestitelya, amene kunayamba m'ma VI. Linapangidwa ntchito luso nthawi - encaustic. Ndi ntchito kujambula ndi zithunzi akale mu Ufumu wa Byzantine.

Ndi mmodzi wa anasunga chithunzi wamkulu ndi chithunzi cha Atumwi Petro ndi Paulo. Tsiku la chilengedwe chake - m'ma XI. Tsopano mukusungira Novgorod Museum. Si kwathunthu anasunga: manja, nkhope ndi mapazi sasunga utoto pachiyambi. Mnthawi kubwezeretsa contours anali kusinthidwa.

Chizindikiro panopa St. George, amene kusungidwa mu Mfundo Cathedral mu Moscow, pa mfundo ankanena za XI mapeto - chiyambi cha XII atumwi. Kuteteza zotsalira za zabwino.

zithunzi wakale - ichi ndi cholowa zofunika wa Chikhristu. Aliyense ali yake nkhani yapadera kulemba njira. phunziro limasonyeza zithunzi kenako ntchito zipangizo kulenga iwo. Mwatsoka, ochepa anapulumuka zithunzi oyamba, monga pakhala nthawi zoopsa.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti si kawirikawiri pa nthawi anasonyeza ndi olemba ndi. Izi zinasonyeza kuti zofunika iconography akali fano.

dzina lake chizindikirochi

Izi ndi gulu osiyana zithunzi Chikhristu. Zafala monga zithunzi anagula mu ubatizo, iwo ayenera kusungidwa pa moyo. Zingakhale bwino ngati inu popachika mwanjira pa chikuku chamwana wa mwanayo, kuti kuziteteza ku mavuto.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi chizindikiro - ndi zimene zimasonyeza oyera amene ulemu munthu amene ali kubatizidwa. Mwachibadwa, fano amenewa amusankha m'malo mwa mwana. Ngati si pakati pa oyera, m'pofunika kuti atenge limodzi yabwino yoti. Choncho, mwana limapezeka woyang'anira.

Kale mafano amenewa analamula makamaka kubadwa kapena ubatizo wa mwana. Iwo ankatchedwa ooneka enieni ndi mbuye kukula khanda.

zithunzi dzina lake osati ntchito zina zapadera. Palinso:

• Ukwati zithunzi - ntchito pa mwambo mu mpingo;
• banja - iwo ali oyera amene maina zogwirizana ndi achibale, iwo kawirikawiri adutsa pansi ku mibadwomibadwo akhoza kuwonetsedwa;
• amene ayenera kukhala pa iconostasis kunyumba;
• chizindikirochi akulemekezedwa banja loyera.

Wotchuka chithunzi cha mai wa Mulungu

Yapadera kufunika mu iconography ku mawonekedwe wamkazi, ndicho cha Mulungu amayi. zithunzi zake ndinu olemekezeka kwambiri ndi wokhulupirika nthawi zambiri zozizwitsa. Aliyense ali ndi tanthauzo lake. Aliyense mafano amenewa (chithunzi ndi m'nkhani) zinachitikadi kwambiri.

• Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Iye anapezeka July 8, 1579 pa mapulusa a nyumba yopsereza Kazan. Chizindikiro ichi imatengedwa kuti machiritso.
• Iver chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba za izo zinadziwika za IX atumwi, pamene chozizwitsa chinachitika, ndipo Kuchokera m'menemo munatuluka mwazi. Pambuyo pake, iye anapezeka pa phiri la Athos mu zaka 200. Asanapange chizindikiro ichi amathandiza pa mavuto, kwa machiritso kapena kuwonjezeka chonde.
• Tikhvin chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Akukhulupirira kuti linalembedwa ndi Luka Mlaliki. Tsopano kusungidwa Rossii.Eta chizindikiro amalemekezedwa kwambiri amayi. Imathandiza mu pemphero la ana chifukwa cha machiritso awo. Komanso ndikupempherera akazi ake omwe akufuna kukhala amayi.
• Vladimir chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Mmodzi wa wamkulu, pachibwenzi mozungulira atumwi XI. Today akusungidwa Tretyakov Gallery. Ine ndikupemphera kuti chizindikiro ichi panthawi ya nkhondo, kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro. komanso amathandiza pa matenda (ngati maganizo ndi thupi). Amakhulupirira kuti chizindikiro ichi ndi mtetezi ndi mtetezi wa nyumba zokhudza moyo.

Pali zinthu zina za Amayi a Mulungu, kupempherera. Aliyense chizindikiro - ichi ndi ankatetezedwa ndi thandizo la fano yaikazi Chikhristu.

Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Icon

Nikolay Chudotvorets - chimodzimodzi akulemekezedwa woyera mu dziko la chikristu. Amamudalira pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera matenda aakulu pamaso mathero mikangano ndi nkhondoyi. Anakhala zaka III-IV, ndipo m'masiku ake anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa zazikulu. Pali zambiri zithunzi zake, zithunzi zosonyeza wake wauzimu.

Chithunzi wamkulu wa woyera kunayamba m'ma XI ndipo lili pa phiri la Sinai, pa agulupa ya St. Catherine.

Pakali pano, m'malo ambiri ndi akachisi zithunzi wake, amene katundu mozizwitsa.

Zizindikiro za Mwana wa Mulungu Yesu Khristu

Mmodzi wa zithunzi choyamba cha Yesu Khristu chinali chizindikiro wake pa chopukutira, chimene anawonekera kumeneko zamatsenga. Masiku ano iye ankatchedwa Mpulumutsi sanapangidwe ndi.

Ngati ife kulankhula za pa zithunzi za Yesu Khristu, ndiye ambiri a iwo. Palinso njira zosiyanasiyana lolembapo Mafano ake.

• Mpulumutsi - nkhope okhwima, kulemba wake si kuchoka ovomerezeka.
• Khristu Pantocrator - akukhulupirira kuti ndi chifaniziro chake chachikulu, amenenso zogwirizana ndi zaka yake yolalikira.
• Nkhope Yoyera. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu iwiri - "Mpulumutsi pa ubrus" ndi "Mpulumutsi pa chigaza lapansi."

Mwana wa fano lero Mulungu ali ndi zinthu kuvomerezedwa. Izi kampira buku, outerwear, keypad, malaya. Komanso onetsetsani kuti alembe.

mafano ake ndi matanthauzo ake ndi udindo mu Chikhristu.

Icon wa Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Sergiy Radonezhsky - izi ndi mmodzi wa oyera kwambiri akulemekezedwa. Munthawi ya moyo wake, iye anamaliza anamanganso ambiri mu dzina la Khristu. mawu ake, Kuombolera pacified.

Pa chizindikiro cha Sergiy Radonezhsky limasonyeza okhwima, ndi dzanja anakweza pomwe dalitso. Kulamanzere, iye wagwira mpukutu monga chizindikiro cha kudziwa zinthu. mafano ake ndi matanthauzo ake ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa Akhristu. Pempherani kwa woyera izi pofuna kudziteteza adani dziko. Amathandizanso pa maphunziro, pamaso mayeso kapena basi pa mavuto osamvetsa kanthu.

Mirotochenie zodabwitsa ndi zithunzi

Mule mtsinje chizindikiro - ndi chozizwa kuti sizichitika kawirikawiri kwambiri. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ndi chenjezo zokhudza chinachake. Komanso, zodabwitsazi angakhale chifukwa cha pemphero lalitali mtima.

Akukhulupirira kuti madzi, limene limafotokoza chizindikiro pa mfundo iyi, nachiritsa. Ngati inu kupanga odzozera odwala, matenda ake akhoza kusiya.

Mirotochenie - kumakhalanso chodabwitsa cha Ambuye kwa anthu amene amakhulupirira. Uwu ndi uthenga wake kwa iwo.

Mitengo zithunzi

Aliyense wa shopu mpingo mugule mafano. mitengo awo angakhale osiyana. Zodula kwambiri, ndithudi, ndi zithunzi akale amene anapulumuka ku tsiku. Ambiri a iwo anali mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi kapena mipingo. mafano amenewa kawirikawiri anagulitsa Chiyerekezo yekha. Mwachitsanzo, mafano mtumwi Petro, Paulo, Yohane, Mark anailemba XVI atumwi. Iwo akuti mayuro 150 zikwi.

Komanso, mtengo wa chizindikiro kudzadalira kamangidwe kake. Ndipotu, ngakhale zithunzi olembedwa mu nthawi yathu, koma chokongoletsedwa ndi zipangizo wapatali (golide, siliva, miyala yamtengo wapatali), amazigulitsa wotchipa. Price osiyanasiyana iwo akhoza kuyamba ndi 2500 rubles. mtengo kudzadalira zipangizo.

Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mafano chachabe kuti ndi wosavuta zomangidwa. Iwo akhoza kugulidwa ku masitolo pafupi mpingo. Zithunzi zofanana zikhoza kugulidwa kwa inafika pamene $ 100 ndipo pamwamba.

Kawirikawiri zithunzi chomwecho zikhoza kugulidwa mu shopu yakale yoyendera kapena kugulitsa chopereka payekha. N'zovuta Musaone zithunzi izi ndi matanthauzo ake, pamene kwa wokhulupirira alidi kwambiri.