Ambrose wa Optina: yonena, pemphero ndi chidwi mfundo

Mu Vvedensky Optina apuma reliquary woyera amene anakhala confessor lalikulu la Russia la XIX atumwi. Iye analibe ulemu kapena bishopu Archimandrite ndipo sanali ngakhale abbot. Ambrose wa Optina - wamba mmonke. Kukhala kudwala, iye anaimirira kuti chinthu chapamwamba amonke woyera. Confessor anakhala Hieroschemamonk. Choncho udindo uwu anapita kwa Ambuye. Lero, ngati zaka zambiri zapitazo, anthu kumupempha kuti kupembedzera ndi thandizo pemphero. Near zotsalira odwala wake tachiritsidwa matenda osachiritsika.

Ambrose wa Optina: moyo

St. Ambrose mu dziko dzina lake Aleksandrom Grenkovym. Iye anabadwa November 23, 1812 kuchigawo Tambov, m'mudzi wa Bolshaya Lipovitsa. agogo ake anali wansembe, Atate - Grenkov Mikhail Fedorovich - anatumikira monga sacristan pa mpingo. dzina mayiyo anali Martha Nikolaevna. Ankasamalira ana anga eyiti. Mwa njira, mwana wa Alexander anali chimodzi. awisi anafa ali aang'ono. Ana ankakhala banja la agogo ake.

Pa zaka khumi ndi awiri a Alexander, dzina lake polemekeza Aleksandra Nevskogo, anatumizidwa ku Tambov seminare. Akamaliza mu 1830, ndi maphunziro abwino, anatumizidwa ku Tambov seminare. Kweneko iye anadwala kwambiri ndipo analumbira kuti ngati Ambuye adzatumiza machiritso ake, iye postrizhetsya mmonke. Koma, kuti kufunika ndi maphunziro a seminare mu 1836, iye anali mu palibe mofulumira ndi monasticism. Choyamba, Alexander anakhala namkungwi ana a wamalonda wolemera. Kenako anatenga chiphunzitso Chigiriki mu Makhachkala zachipembedzo sukulu.

Lumikizani monasticism

Koma matenda sioneka kachiwiri anapanga lokha anamva. Ndi mnzake Pavlom Pokrovskim anakacheza Utatu-Sergio Lavra ndi reclusive mkulu Illarion ku mudzi Troekurovo. Iye anamulangiza kupita Optina chipululu, chifukwa iye anali ofunika kumeneko. Mu kugwa kwa 1839, Alexander mobisa zimapita kwa yake woyera mkulu komweko. Dalitso la M'busa Optina akulu, bambo Leo, iye anayamba kukhala mu Hotela mabaibulo a "Ochimwa chipulumutso" Greek mmonke Agapit Landa. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1840 anasamukira ku moyo mu obisika a. Ndipo m'chaka, pambuyo kuthetsa nkhondo za chinsinsi cha kutha kwa sukulu Makhachkala, amatengedwa ngati novice a. Choyamba anatumikira monga cellmate, ndiyeno owerenga pa mkulu Leo. Ndiye ine ntchito pa ophika buledi ndi. Kenako kunditumiza ku wothandizira khitchini.

Ngakhale pamene munthu wakale Leo ndi moyo 1841, anangomulambalala kumvera ndi mkulu Macarius bambo. Ndi monga mwa chifuniro chake m'chilimwe cha tsitsi lake loyamba kudula rassophore, ndi m'dzinja 1842 iye anavala zovala dzina lake polemekeza Saint Amvrosiya Mediolanskogo. Chaka chotsatira, iye anadzozedweratu dikoni, ndi chiyambi cha dzinja mu 1845 iye anadzozedweratu kuti unsembe Kaluga. Paulendo uwu iye anagwira chimfine zoipa, zimene anapereka Vuto ziwalo mkati. Kotero izo sizikanatha.

wothandizira mkulu

Mu chilimwe 1846 anaikidwa wothandizira kwa ansembe duhovnichestve mkulu Macarius. Koma matenda pa nthawi ina anali oopsa chinthu moyo wa St. Ambrose. Inali nthawi imeneyi, iye amatenga chithunzithunzi chachikulu popanda kusintha dzina. mapeto ake ku ndodo. Ndipo iye amakhala amadalira obisika a. Pang'onopang'ono thanzi pang'ono. Kamodzi zapita kwa bambo Ambuye Makarii Ambrose amatenga vuto kusokonezeka maganizo. Rev. zonse anadwala matenda alionse: ali gastritis anamukwiyira kukula, ndiye anayamba kusanza, ndiye matenda mantha, chimfine ndi kuzizira kapena malungo. Mu 1862 iye anatenga nkono ntchafu. Chithandizo ali kwambiri kuchichepetsa thanzi lake. Iye anasiya kupita kukachisi kuti kulambira, kenako sakanakhoza kutuluka khungu lake.

matenda

Mu 1868, kunachititsa kuti zironda ndi magazi hemorrhoidal. Ndiye Abbot Isaac akufunsa kutsogolera ku mudzi wa zozizwitsa chithunzi cha amayi a Mulungu Kaluga. Mu selo akulu anatumikira moleben akathist Virgin, ndiye atate Ambrose mosavuta kwambiri. Komabe, matenda silinathe zabwino. Iye nthawi retsedivirovala mpaka imfa yake.

Mkulu Ambrose mphotho anakhala golide pectoral mtanda - chosowa kwambiri pa nthawi kukwezedwa. St. Ambrose mu 1884, anakhala woyambitsa wa agulupa akazi, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Optina, m'mudzi wa Shamordino. Iye anadalitsa shimonahini Sofia kutsogolera wamkazi dera. Kenako iye analandira udindo wa agulupa (1 October 1884), pamene mpingo woyamba anali opatulidwira, olengedwa mwa ntchito kupyolera mapemphero a bambo ake Ambrose. Mu 1912, sisitere wina wa agulupa anali Maria Nikolaevna Tolstaya - mlongo Lva Tolstogo, anali anathema kuti tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox mu 1901. Pali anamwalira patapita chaka, adatenga masiku atatu asanamwalire malonjezo ake kumene kumakhala Amonke.

chiwembu zolembalemba

St. Ambrose anafa Shamordino komweko. Izo zinachitika October 10, 1891. Iye anaikidwa mu Optina m'chipululu, pafupi ndi manda a bambo ake Macarius. Pamaliro anabwera kuchokera konsekonse chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu. Ndipo pano izo ziri - nkhani ya Mkulu Zosima mu "Abale Karamazov" ndi Dostoevsky. Komabe, nthawi iyi wolemba anamwalira kalekale. A masiku angapo a m'chilimwe cha 1878 F. M. Dostoevsky ndi mnzake ndi mnzake Vladimirom Solovevym anakhala mu Optina. Misonkhano ndi ansembe aganiza wolemba kulenga chithunzi cha Mkulu Zosima. Dostoevsky, ngati Leo Tolstoy, anali ndi mgonero pafupi wauzimu ndi mkulu woyera Ambrose, amene, ndithudi, anasiya kufufuza owala mu mitima ya zapamwamba kwambiri Russian.

Koma kubwerera ku manda a munthu wokalamba. Pa chiyambi cha lonse mtembowo m'thupi mwadzidzidzi anayamba kufalitsa fungo lolemera. About nthawi yomweyo anachenjeza Mkulu Ambrose pa moyo wake kuti adzasauka chakuti analandira ndalama zapadera ulemu kwakukulu. Zinali mumamva kutentha. Koma m'kupita kwa fungo la kuvunda anamuchokera. Ndipo anayamba kufalitsa fungo zachilendo, zochokera maluwa ndi uchi atsopano.

utumiki ena

Ambrose wa Optina anadzipereka kutumikira ena. Anthu amandikonda ndipo mosamala, kotero yankho kwambiri ulemu ndi. Mu 1988 ku Bungwe la Mpingo Orthodox Russian Local canonized. Rev. Mkulu Amvrosiy Optinsky anati wina ndi yosavuta kumva, molondola ndi nthabwala zabwino. Kapena akhoza kupereka mayankho ambiri aphunzira ndi otchuka anthu a nthawi. Akhoza zingachepetse kukwiya osaphunzira wamba mkazi amene anadandaula kuti iye adapha Turkey, ndi dona kumbuyo akhoza ngakhale kutulutsa wake ku bwalo.

Ambrose wa Optina: chiphunzitso

Woyera AMROS bambo anaphunzitsa kuti anthu akhale ngati gudumu kupota, amene ina wokhudza padziko lapansi, ndi china chirichonse zimakupangitsani m'mwamba. Iye anapitiriza kundiuza mfundo zimenezi:

1. Ife makamaka ngati zalyazhem ndipo sangakhoze kuimirira.
2. Kodi angelo mahandiredi kumeneko, ndipo pamene zodabwitsa, palibe.
3. Wamunthu iri yoipa kuyambira zimene amaiwala kuti pali Mulungu pamwamba pa iye.
4. Ngati munthu aganiza kwambiri, kuti ndi chinachake chimene adzautaya.

Malinga ndi St. Ambrose, m'pofunika kukhala kosavuta moyo, chifukwa bwino. Musaphwanye pachithandara ubongo wanu, chinthu chachikulu - kupemphera kwa Mulungu, angakonze zonse, choncho palibe chifukwa nze nokha kusinkhasinkha zimene ndi momwe chirichonse. Zonse ziyenera kupita momwe zikuyenera kuchitika - izo akutanthauza moyo mosavuta. Ngati mufuna kumva chikondi, kulenga chikondi, ngakhale poyamba ndipo sanali kumva izo. Tsiku lina bambo ake Ambrose anati nayenso akungoti. Iye anayankha kuti kuphweka anapempha Mulungu kwa zaka makumi awiri. Ambrose wa Optina anali wachitatu kuchokera mkulu lolemekezeka Leo ndi Macarius. Iye anali mwana wawo, anakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndipo umachitika wa onse akulu Optina.

ofesi

St. Basil Wamkulu anapereka tanthauzo lake wa munthu. Iye ananena kuti kukhala wosaoneka. Mlingo wapamwamba wa inakwaniritsidwa anthu auzimu monga Mkulu Ambrose. Ena amaona yekha otchedwa ndondomeko ya moyo wake kunja, ndipo ife tikhoza ndikuganiza za dziko lamkati. Bukuli lili pa chosadzikonda chintchito pemphero nthawi zonse maso anthu a Poyembekezera pamaso pa Ambuye.

Service kawirikawiri ikuchitika kukumbukira masiku oyera. St. Ambrose wa Optina imapatuliridwa. Kupita kwa anthu ambiri. Nthawi zonse kuwerenga Akathist kuti St. Ambrose wa Optina. Imfa ya mkulu woyera linasokonekera chifukwa anthu amene ali ndi mudakali pemphero lawo ndi zodabwitsa chithandizo machiritso. Ulemerero wa St. Ambrose wa Optina limayamba ndi mawu akuti: "kwa kukhutiritsa iwe, M'busa Atate Ambrose ...". Mpingo amakumbukira dzina la St. October 10 - tsiku limene anaperekedwa pamaso pa Ambuye, pa June 27 - tsiku la kupeza zinthu zakale ndi 11 October pa Cathedral wa akulu Optina. Pemphero St. Ambrose wa Optina limayamba ndi mawu akuti: "O kwambiri wowuma ndi ugodniche Mulungu, Atate wathu, M'busa Ambrose ...".

Okhulupirira ndi anthu amene amafuna amalambira zotsalira woyera wa St. Ambrose ndi kupemphera ndi chikhulupiriro chozama chofunika kulandira machiritso. Mkulu ndikupempha icho kuchokera kwa Ambuye. Podziwa ichi, anthu nthawi zonse mofulumira mu Optina chipululu thandizo ndi chitetezo.

Pemphero akulamulira lolemekezeka Mkulu

Pali ulamuliro wa pemphero wa St. Ambrose wa Optina. Ndizoonekeratu ku imodzi mwa makalata ake daze wake wauzimu. Iye analemba kuti tiyenera kukhulupirira ndi chiyembekezo chifundo cha Ambuye, kuchotsa munthu aliyense ndi machenjera za mdani. Ndiyeno ananena kuti masalimo a Davide amene anapemphera mu ora la kuzunzidwa ndi Aiwo wake. Izi 3, 53 TH, 58 TH, 142 TH. Iye analemba kuti anasankha maganizo oyenerera pa mawu ake ndipo kuwerenga kawirikawiri, nthawi zonse kwa Mulungu kudzichepetsa ndi chikhulupiriro. Ndipo pamene adzaukira mdima, nudzaza moyo ndi chisoni zosamvetsetseka, ndiye analangiza kuwerenga Salmo 101.

boma

The mmonke anachita khungu lake ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu. Anthu ambiri akhamukira kwa iye kuchokera ku Russia. Iye anadzuka m'mawa kwambiri - pa anayi m'mawa. The asanu kale otchedwa Kelejnikov. Ndiyeno anayamba m'mawa ulamuliro. Choncho Adaitana yekha. Ndi maola asanu ndi anayi phwando anayamba - poyamba achipembedzo, ndipo pambuyo pawo - wamba. Izo zikutsiriza tsiku pa 11 koloko, pamene tikuwerenga yaitali madzulo ulamuliro. Ndi usiku, munthu wakale, potsiriza, panali wina. ndandanda uwu unali mu makumi ake mochedwa. Ndipo tsiku lililonse anapanga ft chake chachikulu. Pamaso St. Ambrose akulu sanamvere akazi m'chipinda wake. Anakumana nawo, monga mphepo zing'wenyeng'wenye zawo. Choncho, ndipo anakhala kenako awathandize bwinobwino ndi woyambitsa wa agulupa ya azimayi ku Shamordino.

zozizwitsa

Mkulu, chifukwa pemphero maganizo, anali ndi mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu - wonderworking ndi perspicacity. Amadziwika kwambiri milandu opezeka pa mawu a anthu. Mayi wina wa ku Voronezh anataya nkhalango, umene unali mtunda asanu kuchokera obisika a. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi anaona munthu wokalamba, amene hock ananena njira zake. Malinga ndi iye, iye anapita kwa obisika mphanga Mkulu Ambrose. Pamene iye anabwera pafupi, anatulutsidwa mwadzidzidzi cellmate anamupempha ali Avdotia ku Voronezh? Mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kenako, iye anatuluka munthu wakale kulira ndi sobs. Ndipo iye anati Ambrose - uyu ndi munthu amene anamuuza kuti njira yoyenera mu nkhalango.

Panali chinthu china chodabwitsa, pamene wantchito anabwera Optina m'chipululu cha dongosolo ndi ndalama kupanga iconostasis lapansi. Asanachoke, anaganiza kupempha dalitso la akulu. Koma iye anati kunali koyenera kudikira kwa masiku atatu. Master ankaganiza kuti "whistler" iye zasungidwa awo, koma mvetserani mmonke akale. Kenako, anaona kuti, popanda dalitso motalika, munthu wakale Linapulumutsadi kuimfa. Ndipotu, masiku awa atatu kuphunzira wake ndimamuyang'ana iye pansi pa mlatho, kulanda ndi kupha. Only pamene iwo apita, ndi confessor anatenga mbuye ndipo mlekeni apite.

Ndipo pamene M'busa Amvrosiy Optinsky kutsitsimutsa kavalo wakufa wa munthu wamba osauka amene anali kulira chifukwa cha izo. Woyera patali iye akanakhoza, ngati Nikolay Chudotvorets, kuthandiza anthu masoka osiyana. nkhani zambiri zodabwitsa kugwirizana ndi dzina la St. Ambrose. Ndithu, palibe zodabwitsa Macarius woyera analosera kuti iye adzakhala munthu wamkulu.

Pomaliza

Pamene izo zinaliri mu nthawi dziko la kugwedezekagwedezeka lolemera, Optina lawonongeka ndi kutsekedwa. The yopemphereramo ku manda munthu wokalamba waonongeka. Koma njira kumanda wa woyera si tchire. Mu kugwa kwa 1987, Optina Mpingo ndidabweranso. Pa tsiku la chitsitsimutso ya agulupa zamirotochila chizindikiro cha Kazan Mayi wa Mulungu. Kudziŵa a zotsalira za St. Ambrose wa Optina anali mu 1998. Tsopano osabvunda Teles mpumulo wake mu Optina, mu Vvedensky kachisi.