Heterozygous ndi zamoyo homozygous

Mmodzi wa katundu wofunika kwambiri iliyonse chamoyo amoyo ndi chibadwa, amabweretsera zamoyo zinachita njira ya dzikoli, komanso kusamala mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa izo. Unit zing'onozing'ono cha chibadwa amachita jini - structural mchitidwe wa DNA, udindo kulanda mudziwe majini kugwirizana ndi mbali makamaka za thupi. Malinga mlingo wa allocated lalikulu ndi chibadwa recessive. Mbali khalidwe mayunitsi lalikulu ndi luso la "kupondereza" recessive, kupereka chikoka zikuluzikulu lake, osalola kuti adzawonetseredwe mu m'badwo woyamba. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti pamodzi ndi zonse ananena chosakwanira ulamuliro, imene jini lalikulu sangathe kwathunthu kubisa mawu a superdominance recessive ndi kusamalira kuwonetsera lolingana mbali mu mawonekedwe wamphamvu kuposa zamoyo homozygous. Malinga wotani allelic (ie, udindo chitukuko cha chizindikiro chomwecho) majini amalandira kwa mitundu kholo, kuima heterozygous ndi zamoyo homozygous.

Tanthauzo la homozygous chamoyo

zamoyo Homozygous - ndi zinthu zinyama, ndi awiri omwewo (lalikulu kapena recessive) jini pa maziko makamaka. Chinthu chapadera wa m'badwo wotsatira wa anthu homozygous kupanda tsankho la anthu ndiponso chongosangalatsa awo. Chifukwa chake makamaka kuti genotype homozygous wa chamoyo lili ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa gametes, anatchulidwa ndi likulu kalata mu nkhani ndi khalidwe lenileni, ndi yopingasa potchula recessive. zamoyo Heterozygous amasiyana kuti iwo ali alleles osiyana, ndi moyenera, kupanga mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya gametes. zamoyo Homozygous pa alleles lalikulu recessive akhoza amaimira monga AA, BB, aabb, etc. Choncho, zamoyo homozygous alleles lalikulu, ndi kachidindo AA, BB, AABB.

Pantchito za cholowa

Kufika awiri heterozygous zamoyo genotypes kumene conventionally ikhale AA (momwe A - lalikulu, ndi - ndi recessive jini), amatipatsa kuthekera kupeza ofanana Mwina ma anayi a gametes (zosinthika genotype) ndi chimbudzi ndi 3: 1 fenotayipi. Pansi genotype Pankhaniyi zikutanthauza mndandanda wa majini amene ali ndi diploid ya selo makamaka; ndi fenotayipi - dongosolo la zinthu kunja ndi mkati mwa chamoyo mu funso.

Dihybrid mtanda ndi zochititsa

Taonani malamulo chokhudzana ndi ndondomeko mating, zimene zikuphatikizapo zinthu homozygous. Ngati chomwecho, ngati pali ziwiri wosakanizidwa kapena poligibridnoe kuwoloka, kaya chikhalidwe makhalidwe heritable, pogawanikana pamawere limapezeka pa chiŵerengero 3: 1, ndipo chilamulo ichi ndi chomveka kuchuluka iliyonse. Mwakusakaniza wa anthu wachiwiri m'badwo mu nkhani iyi imagwiritsidwa mitundu ikuluikulu inayi ya phenotypes mu chiŵerengero 9: 3: 3: 1. Dziwani kuti lamulo limeneli ndi lofunika kuti awiriawiri magazi DNA mogwirizana kwa majini amene si ikuchitika mkati.