Haidrojeni injini, "Toyota". Toyota Mirai wa hydrogen mphamvu zoyendera

Pakali pano, pafupifupi onse automakers dziko zikukangalika osauka magalimoto kuthamanga mafuta oyera. Akatswiri amanena kuti pa zaka 15-20 dziko kwathunthu kusinthana kwa mode izi zoyendera. Pamene utsogoleri mu nkhani iyi amasunga kampani "Toyota". Pambuyo amasulidwe wotchuka "Primus" Japanese asankha kupita patsogolo ndi kukhala kwambiri zachilengedwe wochezeka galimoto - Toyota Mirai wa hydrogen zoyendetsedwa. M'nkhani lero tiona mbali zonse za zinthu zatsopano, ndi kutchula ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ntchito magalimoto wa hydrogen.

mbali

"Toyota dziko" - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa sedans woyamba Japanese zopangidwa kuti kampani anaganiza n'kupatsa misa lonse. Mwa njira, kusankha kuitana chitsanzo ichi Mirai analungamitsidwa, chifukwa Japanese amatanthauza "Koyera Tsogolo". Mlengi amanena kuti choyamba ulimi wa hydrogen Toyota Mosiyana ndi anzawo mphamvu yaikulu malo, amene adzakhala makilomita 480. Izi zokwanira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku mu mzinda, ndipo banja maulendo ataliatali. Koma ulendo wautali, koma iwo kupanga anthu a galimoto sizingatheke. Ndipo funso pano si mu kamangidwe ka kudalirika (monga nthawi zonse, Japanese anapanga galimoto qualitatively ndi "mpaka muyaya"), ndipo pakalibe zofunika okwerera kudzazidwa. Koma Tikambirana lino.

chidwi Ndipotu

Dziwani kuti "dziko" si koyamba galimoto dziko ndi injini wa hydrogen ndi. "Toyota" wakhala osauka zitsanzo hybrid magalimoto ku 1997 ntsiku eneyo. Zinali ndiye kuti anthu dziko anaona galimoto yoyamba ndi injini ndi wa hydrogen mu mawonekedwe a lingaliro SUV chitsanzo FCHV. Komabe, kuthamanga mu zikuluzikulu mndandanda kupanga ya Japanese sanayese n'komwe. Nthawi zambiri, ndi Jeep angapezeke mu boma ndi mabungwe nawo chiyesedwe cha mtundu zoyendera. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi injini wa hydrogen Chili BMW ndi Toyota. The Germany analowa pangano ndi akatswiri a Japanese mpaka 2020 dongosolo kulenga latsopano Eco-wochezeka sedani BMW wa hydrogen 7 Series.

Ubwino wa hydrogen Car

Kuti muyambe phindu. Kuyamba ndi kuyamba, ndi injini mafuta a hydrogen si zimatulutsa zoipitsa aliyense, mosiyana dizilo ndi mafuta. Dziwani, ndi mtengo wotsika wa machitidwe a mtundu zoyendera. Nkosafuna mafuta (wa hydrogen) angathe kukonzekera mu pokha ndi lalikulu. Izi kwambiri ziziyenda zinthu ndi nthawi yosintha mitengo mafuta Cofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa mphamvu mu dziko.

Kodi kuipa injini mafuta a hydrogen?

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za zolakwa za. The sangathe waukulu mode izi zoyendera ndi injini wa hydrogen ( "Toyota FCV» kuphatikizapo) zachiwawa kuposa tingachipeze powerenga dizilo ndi mafuta Anzawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa wapadera mankhwala zikuchokera wa hydrogen. Mwa njira, kuwonjezera kuphulika kuti amakhala ndi osakhalitsa mkulu. Mbali imeneyi kwambiri complicates kanyamulidwe ndi refueling magalimoto ndi wa hydrogen. Komanso, akatswiri amanena kuti ntchito yokonza chomera amenewa adzakhala mtengo kuposa Mwachitsanzo yokonzanso za dizilo mkati injini kuyaka (chifukwa ochepa akatswiri odziwa antchito m'munda). Ndipo, ndithudi, kupanda okwerera wa hydrogen chikuchititsa. M'dziko la ntchito zochepa zanzeru tsopano chifukwa magalimoto awa ndi zovuta (makamaka pamene nyengo ndi makina chotero zitha kukhala mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera).

nkhani kotunga

The vuto lalikulu magalimoto wa hydrogen - palibe mafuta, kumene iwo akanakhoza refilled. N'chifukwa chake dziko zogwirizana magalimoto magetsi, ngati iwo ali ndi udindo kwa wamba khoma kubwereketsa, ndipo ngakhale pa amapita, ngati pali gulu dzuwa padengapo. Koma yopanga okwerera wa hydrogen kale ikupita patsogolo. Ife tikudziwa kale ndondomeko kumanga 20 okwelera ngati mu California. Ngati malonda kukula, chiwerengero cha gasi adzakhala pawiri. Mwa njira, boma anasankhidwa wopanda chifukwa - zikuyamba mu California adzayamba malonda a haidrojini "Toyota". Koma malonda nkhani zotsatirazi m'nkhani, koma tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa kunja kwa zinthu zatsopano.

kamangidwe

Maonekedwe a latsopano "Toyota Mirai" ndi chidwi kwambiri. Pomwepo limagwira diso chachikulu mwamakani "kutsogolo" ndi nkhanza bampala lonse ndi nyali slanted. grille - izi mwina zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndiponso zosafunika kwenikweni kunja kwa. Koma ngakhale ngati kachidutswa kakang'ono ka pulasitiki, ndi Japanese anakwanitsa ikani chizindikiro chake Logo, anapanga chrome kalembedwe. Galimoto lili ndi galasi malo abwino. Izi ndi zowona makamaka ndi zenera lakutsogolo lapansi. dalaivala Simumva "mabacteria akufa" chifukwa zochitika onse ozungulira tsopano kuonekera pa Mwachidule. Thupi ali okhota osalala, mizere kuuluka bwino potsatira njira. Zonse izi zimawapangitsa maonekedwe a sedani ndi atsopano kwambiri masiku ano ndi wapadera.

mkati

The gawo lamkati la galimoto ngati spacecraft wa - misa mabatani, kusonyezedwa, zimatulutsa ndi zinthu zina. Kodi chidwi Japan anatsimikiza mtima kuti ndalama pa chitukuko cha yachiwiriyo mkati Kamangidwe - Ulaya ndi msika zoweta. Vuto Utsogoleri permutation anaganiza zapamwamba poika zofunika zipangizo zonse mudziwe pakati pa oponya a. The gululi aikidwa kwambiri zenera lakutsogolo, ndipo anatambasula kudutsa m'lifupi. Far kwa iye, anaika yaikulu pa bolodi computer, amene okonzeka ndi anamanga-mu ntchito osatsegula. Pansipa kuti pali anasonyeza wina. A gawo la mpweya awiri lonse. Womwewo lingafanane mbali pa galasi, koma ndi chrome edging mu ngodya. The chiongolero amadziwikanso okonzeka ndi ulamuliro batani akumidzi. Gearshift kogwirira kozungulira mu kanyumba kumeneko - zambiri ntchito CVT kapena kufala basi. okamba anayikidwa pa chitseko, komanso magetsi mabatani zenera kulamulira. The chiongolero ali kugwira omasuka. Ambiri, kamangidwe mkati ndi ergonomic kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale ngakhale kwambiri mabatani (makamaka poganizira kuti theka la iwo kukhudza), iye lomwa ndi zinthu zosafunika ndi kumlingo ngati wotopetsa.

makhalidwe luso

"Toyota" opangidwa galimoto ndi injini wa hydrogen ndi chakudya lalikulu mphamvu. The amagetsi, monga mwa opanga, adzayenera 153 ndiyamphamvu, umene uli wokwanira kwa kalasi ya galimoto. Pa injini zina salankhula Japanese, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, msika adzafika kusinthidwa chimodzi chokha cha zinthu zatsopano kuchokera 153 amphamvu wochezeka unit. The injini wa hydrogen ( "Toyota Mirai" kwa 2015) amayendera maselo wapadera mafuta. Mkati zimene yamasika chikuchitika, ndi nawo hydrogen ndi oxygen. Chifukwa cha mogwirizana mankhwala umabala mphamvu amphamvu kuti utsi wa galimoto magetsi.

Mphamvu ndi ndalama opaleshoni

Mlengi amanena kuti makhalidwe wochitachita wa Toyota ndi injini wa hydrogen ndi wosiyana kuposa anzawo mafuta. Mofulumira ku ziro kuti "mazana" Akuti pa masekondi 9. Pa nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri anati otsika mtengo kuyenda. thanki kudzazidwa Price pa 1 kilometre adzakhala masenti 10 okha. Choncho kuti kuyendetsa galimoto wamtunda wokwana milingo zana limodzi, muyenera kucheza madola 10 okha. Galimoto ingakhale lembani Mphindi 5 basi.

Monga injini ikulira pa haidrojeni?

Ndithudi tonsefe kuganizira za mfundo za machitidwe a pachikhalidwe ndi. Chabwino, tiyeni tione mmene injini wa hydrogen kwenikweni.

Waukulu galimoto kumulimbikitsa makina amenewa ndi electrochemical jenereta (a khungu mafuta). Mu Japanese umatchedwa FC okwana. Mkati jenereta electrochemical anachita amapezeka zotsatira mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni a haidrojini. Zinali nthawi imeneyi kutulutsa mphamvu anakhumba, limene zimatumizidwa kwa batire yaying'ono. Yotsirizira akuchita ntchito ya mphamvu ya magetsi, imbaenda galimoto mu kuchitapo. Wotani zinyalala kwaiye injini wa hydrogen? "Toyota dziko" mwadala otchedwa makina oyera chifukwa chake utsi chitoliro chitani osati gasi wakupha ndi madzi wamba.

Ndi zonse bwino, koma pali mphamvu kumathandiza chitukuko cha mode izi zoyendera. The vuto lalikulu ndi kupanga mafuta njira magalimoto wa hydrogen panopa underdeveloped ndi zimafuna ndalama lalikulu ndalama. Makamaka pamene kulenga zigawo wa hydrogen zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga malasha, ndi methane. Iwo kwambiri kwambiri mpweya mlengalenga, ndipo potero bwino ntchito injini izi chifukwa cha "kusamala zachilengedwe" si. Kumene, ku kuyaka wa utsi zinyalala ndi (madzi woyera), koma kuti kuphika, m'pofunika kwambiri kusokoneza m'mlengalenga zauve mpweya. Choncho, akatswiri koposa kuyang'ana m'malo mkati kuyaka injini pano maselo dzuwa.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, haidrojeni sikuli kwa mtundu uliwonse wapadera wa mafuta kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtundu umodzi wa engine. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti mankhwala ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito ndi tingachipeze powerenga Motors ndi injini kuyaka mkati. Komabe, pambuyo zimenezi zingachitike, pali zotsatira. Mfundo yakuti wa hydrogen ndi kuyaka mu injini kuyaka mkati allocates 1/3 yekha wa mphamvu kuti adzatulutsa mu gulu lapadera. Komabe, akatswiri akwanitsa kukonza vuto limeneli. Chifukwa cha kusinthidwa poyatsira dongosolo dzuwa la injini choterocho si yafupika, koma kuchuluka pafupifupi nthawi 1.5 munthu wamba, kupanga opaleshoni mafuta abwino kwambiri ndi chanzeru kuti mfundo zachilengedwe ndi ndalama view.

Koma vuto linali taonera kale osati m'dera la dzuwa. Ngati dzuwa la akatswiri zamanga kuonjezera mwa kuwongolera kachitidwe poyatsira, mavuto monga kutentha kwa chipinda kuyaka, mavavu ndi pistons amatopa, sanatha kupirira. Mwa njira, ntchito mosalekeza, wa hydrogen amatha yatikhudza ndi zigawo zina za injini, kuphatikizapo omwe afewetsedwa. Ndipo popanda injini msanga kwambiri zisathe. Komanso, chifukwa cha osakhalitsa wa hydrogen yake umalowa mu utsi zobwezedwa ndipo pali akayaka. Ndi nkhani ya makina mkati injini kuyaka, ali tingati dongosolo losavuta ndi mtunda pakati okhometsa ndi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa monga mafuta chachikulu. Pa funso limeneli, mmene injini wa hydrogen akhoza ankaona kutsekedwa.

mtengo

Malinga ndi Mlengi, "Toyota Mirai" galimoto malonda kuyamba m'chaka cha 2015. Poyamba, zachilendo lidzakhala lilipo yekha pa msika zoweta, ndi m'chilimwe adzaoneka pa misika European ndi American. The mtengo kuyambira a haidrojini "Toyota" ndi 57,5 madola zikwi. Komanso, kampani limapereka kugula ichi ngongole galimoto malipiro apamwezi a madola US 500. Bonasi ndi luso kumasula refueling galimoto chaka pamalopa gasi, California.

Pamene palibe mpikisano pakati pa magalimoto Japanese wa hydrogen "Toyota". Pa meree, zidzakhalanso choncho mpaka 2016. chakuti mu March 2016 msika abwera watsopano wa hydrogen galimoto Honda FCV. Koma mmene otchuka ndi, tilibe kuneneratu, ndipo dikirani mpaka chiyambi cha malonda a latsopano "dziko lapansi Toyota Mulungu."

Pomaliza

Kotero, ife tinapeza chifukwa iye anali wapadera ndi mmene injini wa hydrogen. "Toyota" - mmodzi wa automakers woyamba, umene kuganiza kuyamba kuŵeta zake "wochezeka mankhwala". Komabe, mpaka sikunathetse vuto ndi gasi ndi njira zodula kubala wa hydrogen, kampani n'zokayikitsa kudikira kupambana kwakukulu mu kugulitsa makina amenewa.