Gulag Museum ku Moscow

Mu 2001, anaganiza kuti atsegule Museum National wa Gulag mu Moscow. anayambitsa inali AV Antonov - chithunzi anthu, mbiri, mtolankhani, amene ankayenera kudutsamo zoopsa zonse za m'misasa Stalin.

kukumbukira anthu amenewa kuti akhoza kusokoneza ngakhale kwathunthu "kulilembanso" mfundo zilipo. Kodi zochitika izo imabereka mofulumira kwambiri? Mwachibadwa, chabwino, choipa ndipo amayesetsa msanga "akufufuta" ndipo panalibe kutsitsimutsa iwo.

Komabe, m'mbuyomu, mtundu wathu muli zochitika ndi mfundo zimene ayenera sadzaiwala nthawi, chifukwa ndi mbiri yathu.

Mmodzi wa masamba awa m'mbuyomu chisoni cha dziko lathu lalikulu ndi Gulag. Ambiri a masiku ano achinyamata (ndi, poyamba, osati achinyamata) Anthu zoipa kulingalira zomwe Gulag, ena yolakwika udindo ankaimba mu mbiri ya mtundu wathu. Ndipo kale mu USSR zinali palibe banja sakanafunikila bwanji wamphamvu zonse ndi lowopsya bungwe.

Museum of History

Mpaka 2001, mbiri ya Gulag analipo okha olembedwa ntchito zolembalemba, zikalata ndi Maulendo. kukhazikitsanso ake zinthu zinali zotheka pambuyo panali Gulag Museum mu Moscow.

analenga akuti si munthu wamba, koma katswiri bwino kufufuza mbiri ya dziko, wolembayo-publicist, womenya ufulu wa anazunzidwa, wamndende wa Gulag, amene akumana ndi zoopsa zonse za moyo msasa kwa zaka 13. AV Antonov - mwana wa kapitawo ponseponse chosintha ndi kukhudzidwa, ndi fuko lomveka kale.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Mu 2001, ofesi ya Moscow meya wakhala allocated m'nyumbayi ndi dera 700 m². Zinali dilapidated kwambiri, napempha kubwezeretsedwa. kuphatikiza chake chinali malo yabwino - mu mtima mwa likulu, Suli kutali ndi Lubyanka, pa Kuznetsky ambiri.

AV Antonov anali kulandila udindo wa mkulu. Anakhalabe ku udindo uwu kwa zaka khumi. Mwatsoka, 2013, 94 chaka moyo, iye anali atapita.

kusonkhanitsa zinthu

Woyamba owonetsera zakale pawekha zimene bambo ake anamupatsa Vladimir Antonov. Posakhalitsa, kale anali akaidi zoopsa msasa, achibale awo pafupi ndi anayamba kubweretsa mphatso zakale wapatali. Awa anali munthu katundu, mabuku, zithunzi, makalata ndi zikalata. Mu 2004, Gulag Museum pa Petrovka anakumana ndi alendo choyamba.

koyamba

Amene amagwa mu m'nyumbayi bwalo, lazunguliridwa ndi waminga mpanda waya kutsanzira msasa amaona nsanja, si yekha.

Mazenera kunja kwa nyumbayi ali anaikapo zithunzi khumi ndi awiri a amuna aakulu amene adamphera m'misasa Stalin.

Kodi kuwona

Gulag Museum mu Moscow ali chionetsero okhazikika, limene lili mamita 100 lalikulu pa yosanja ya nyumbayi. Pali nthandala kuti anauza mabanja a Bulat Okudzhava, George Zhzhenova ndi anthu ena olemekezeka, komanso zithunzi ambiri mwa anthu. Chionetsero akupereka zikalata archival, msasa khoma manyuzipepala, mapu.

Apa mutha kuona akaidi zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku - miphika, spoons, quilted zamphepo. Anthu ambiri aluso kuti anadutsa m'misasa imeneyi. Masiku ano, Gulag Museum ali ndi mndandanda wa zojambula za akatswiri andende.

Museum ndodo anauza choncho pamene zinafika pa akazi awiri aja, mbadwa ya Kabardino-Balkaria. Iwo anabweretsa mphatso sitolo zipangizo zosiyanasiyana mbiri: zikalata, mabuku, makalata a kale anali akaidi. Koma iwo onse, kumene, zinthu zofunika, ogwira ntchito ndi chidwi kwambiri anabweretsa ting'onoting'ono mwana nsapato ndi masitonkeni. Mwamwayi, akazi awa zaka 20 kuyesera kuti abwezeretse zipangizo chofunika kwambiri komanso zokhudza anthu a Kabardino-Balkaria, amene anazunzidwa, ndiyeno pa ndalama zake lofalitsidwa buku za iwo.

Mbodzi wa akazi m'ndendemo zaka 3 chipinda, kamodzi apo ndi mayi ake pamene anali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu yokha. Wake masitepe oyamba mtsikana pansi pasimenti za chipinda ayezi. tsiku lina kunabwera mutu wa njuchi. Atakawona mwana achisanu ndi mapazi umboni, chifukwa ena, mwadzidzidzi anatenga chisoni ndipo analamula atumiki ake kugula pa msika nsapato awa ndi masitonkeni. Omenyedwa kwambiri antchito m'nyumbayi kuletsa misozi yake, nthano zoterozo.

Pa pansi pa nyumbayi makamu zosiyanasiyana zisudzo, zomwe kusintha pafupipafupi. nzika zawo ndi amakonza mungapeze pa webusaiti yovomerezeka ya nyumbayi.

Gulag Museum: zimaonetsa ntchito

M'pofunika kuti ndodo zonse zili m'nyumbayi tcheru kwambiri pokumbukira anthu amene tsoka wakonzera ndi vuto zoipazi.

M'nyumbayi akuthamanga pakati mongodzipereka, chomwe okonda, anthu kulenga ndi ochezeka kwambiri. Kodi likulu? Amathandizanso ndodo owonetsera zakale kuchititsa misonkhano zinthu anamenyela, zisudzo oyendayenda, ndi zoimbaimba. Ongodzipereka kuthandiza anthu okalamba osati thanzi, akuvutika chifukwa cha Stalinist kupondereza. Aliyense angathe kutenga mbali mu malo ntchito. Kuti tichite zimenezi, lembani mafunso, umene mu ofesi owonetsera zakale tikiti.

Reviews wosuta

Onse anapita Gulag Museum (zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona m'nkhani) Onani kuti akumana ndi maganizo amphamvu. Mtima limalephera ataona zikalata pano ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. alendo kugwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi - ndi Gulag owonetsera zakale ayenera pitani aliyense. Kukumbukira ife ndi ana athu ndi zidzukulu, kuti ndi Stalinist kupondereza ndi iwo anatembenukira kwa anthu athu. Izo ziyenera kuwoneka konse kupewa zisadzachitikenso la tsoka m'dziko kwawo.

Ayenela-Kabyrza owonetsera zakale "Shor Gulag"

Kuzbass Administration pokumbukira akuvutika wa zandale anakhazikitsa ndi wapoyera owonetsera zakale. Njirayi imatchedwa "The Gulag Shor". alendo ake onse kukwapula Mosiyana amapanga kwabasi phiri Shoria, zazikulu alendo zovuta "Sheregesh" ndi Baibulo la msasa, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ndi waya waminga, ndi asilikali ndi nsanja alonda.

Mu Tashtagolsky m'dera anali oposa 30 zinthu zazikulu ndi kulanda zosintha. Mpaka lero palibe deta yolondola mmene anthu ambiri anaphedwa mu makoma awa. Koma tikudziwa kuti anali n'kumene imfa mu Shor Gulag - 25%. Yotopetsa zamanja, kusowa chakudya, zovala, mankhwala, matenda massively kudzatenga miyoyo.

Gulag Museum ili m'mudzi wa Ayenela-Kabyrza. m'chipindacho Dilapidated, nsanja asilikali onyamula zida mipanda ndi waya waminga - onse ici ulikubala chithunzi chenicheni cha zaka zoopsa.

M'misasa imeneyi anathamangitsidwa Volga Germany. Mpaka tsopano ana awo amakhala m'mayiko Kuzbass. Atayendetsa ulendo, alendo amapezeka mu chenicheni kolowera wa bungwe ndende. chionetsero Zimenezi m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha m'misasa Kuzbass mu nthawi kuchokera 1920 mpaka 1950.

Zogwiritsa owonetsera zakale m'dera amapereka alendo mwayi ntchito dzanja macheka - chida chachikulu akaidi msasa.

Mountain Shoria akhoza chaka kutenga alendo osachepera 10,000 ochokera m'dziko lathu ndi ochokera m'mayiko.

Mwina mbiri ya mtundu uliwonse ali ndi mawanga mdima. Mwatsoka, m'mbuyomu si olondola ndipo sanabwerere. Museum wa Gulag - ndi "nthawi makina" kuti zimatengera ife ku nthawi lowopsya la kupondereza a dongosolo Stalinist, kumene moyo waumunthu akasaushiwe ngako nokaniwa ndipo ochititsa manyazi imawonongeka ambirimbiri.