Graben - izo ... Kodi grabens, ndi momwe iwo anapanga

M'nkhani ino Tiyeni tikambirane funso zokhudza zochitika zachilengedwe. bera Kodi ndi momwe iwo anapanga? Komanso, poyang'ana kutsogolo, kulabadira kusiyana kwa graben - ndi horst.

ndi graben Kodi

Graben - gawo sagging ya matanthwe a pansi padziko, zimene unakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha tectonic vuto ndi kukaimika pakati pa mbali anakweza.

Grabens zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu kwamakokedwe padziko madera anakweza dziko. Mu zochita za subsidence nthaka amapezeka ndi kuviika thanthwe formations.

Pamodzi m'mbali mwa graben kuoneka ataliatali mbali, amene anapanga ndi kudzikundikira Mitundu watsopano, iwo amatchedwa "mapiko a graben lapansi."

Kutalika kufika makumi angapo kapena mazana makilomita - m'lifupi. Kwambiri kutchulidwa ndi odziwika grabens ali mu Africa East. Iwo zili pamodzi ndi nyanja Tanganyika, Victoria, Nyansa. Mu Russia, ndi graben yaikulu - ndi Barguzin beseni chigwa cha Baikal.

Ozungulira dzuŵa lathu lonse graben - Valles Marineris, ili Mars. Chifukwa Education - zochitika paphirilo.

ndi horst Kodi

Horst - ndi upbeat pa chipika zolakwa za matanthwe a, mapangidwe chifukwa kayendedwe tectonic.

Wachibale pamwamba mitundu itatu ya horst:

1. Okonda - pamwamba pa dera lonse linapendekeka mbali imodzi.
2. Mphero - pali stepwise kuchepetsa pansi.
3. Unilateral - chigamulocho zolakwa kapena zolakwa zimachitika mbali imodzi yokha.

Horst zambiri kuphatikiza kulenga mapiri ndi nsonga mosabisa. Kutalika zambiri ukufika mazana, ndipo m'lifupi - makumi makilomita, kutalika - masauzande ochepa mamita. ziwonetsa motsimikiza pankhaniyi ndi horst mapiri ku Spain Sierra Nevada mapiri ku Germany kum'mwera chakumadzulo, ndi Black Forest.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "horst" unayamba mu sayansi Geological mu 1873 ndi Austria Edward Suess. Kulankhula mawu ake, graben - m'dzenje, Horst - phiri.

Rift

Rift - liniya yopingasa lalikulu maganizo matanthwe a pansi padziko. Childs, akonzedwa a matendawa,, agwilitse yaikulu m'dera la gawo.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mabacteria Rift - zikuluzikulu ndi chokhala.

The chifukwa choyamba mwangozi osungunula chiphalaphala akubwera kuchokera pansi pa Dziko Lapansi pansi pa nyanja. Chiphalaphala opanikizika amakankhira kwa okhwima lithospheric mbale, chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi aumbike wamng'ono zikuluzikulu kutumphuka.

Ngelezi Rift mabacteria anapanga ndi kuukitsa pamwamba plumes (otentha chofunda), ndi ntchito chiphala amapezeka kupatulira ndi kutambasula kwa kutumphuka chokhala. kugawanika kotereku kumachitika zimenezi amatha mapangidwe nyanja latsopano. The East African Rift dongosolo, ndicho m'dera kutali, m'madera ena anapanga zikuluzikulu kutumphuka ndi achinyamata.

Kugawanika kotereku kumachitika, zomwe anaima chitukuko ndipo si m'nyanja, wotchedwa aulacogens. Kawirikawiri, mwa malo oterewa anapanga miyala ya zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Devonian Donetsk kuchimwa ndi lalikulu mgodi wa malasha.

Kawirikawiri osakaniza horst-graben - ndi aulacogene.