Globe ndi chiyani? History ndi ntchito panopa globes ndi

Globe - n'zolondola, koma yafupika mamiliyoni ambiri buku la dziko lathuli. Popanda chitsanzo ichi, n'kovuta kuyerekeza sayansi monga madera. Globus "inatulukiridwa" m'zaka za m'ma XV, koma lero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzochitika zosiyanasiyana m'moyo wa munthu.

Globe ndi chiyani?

Kuyenera anazindikira kuti poyamba tchati chithunzi khadi anali a dziko lapansili. M'malo mwake, anali malo kujambula, kukopedwa pa khoma phanga. Globes anaonekera kwambiri kenako, pamene anthu anazindikira lonse la dziko lathuli ndi anazindikira kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Globe ndi chiyani? ndi zinthu zofunika kwa njira ya chifaniziro padziko Lapansi ndi chiyani?

Yankho la funso lomwe 'lonse' ayenera kudziwa wophunzira aliyense. Kumasulira kwa Latin mawu globus amatanthauza "mpira." Choncho, lonse - ndi asayansi njira chifanizo cha padziko lapansi, chimene chiri ndi mawonekedwe zojambula za padziko lathuli, komanso mizere onse, malo ndi contours a zinthu zina zojambulidwa. The powunikira yekha: zonsezi yafupika mamiliyoni ambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi mapu Hrs pa lonse kuwapotoza onse a padziko Lapansi ndi kochepa. M'maiko, nyanja, nyanja ndi zilumba pa mwathunthu kutsatira malo awo pa dziko lapansi. Mofananamo, kutsatira zinthu zonse Hrs padziko lapansi amathandiza digiri gululi wopangidwa mwa mizere ya meridians ndi kufanana.

Katundu ndi ntchito ya padziko lonse

The katundu yaikulu padziko lonse ayenera zotsatirazi:

• kusungidwa sphericity a Dziko Lapansi;
• Iwo anasunga malo ake a mitengo, kufanana ndi meridians;
• lonse ndi ofanana mu madera onse a chitsanzo;
• akalumikidzidwa ya ndalama zonse pansi si molakwika.

M'zaka XVII-XVIII globes mwakhama ntchito amalinyero, ofufuza ndi otulukira. Tsopano iwo ntchito yokhayo yotumikira sayansi ndi maphunziro (zambiri) ntchito. Globe sukulu ndi mbali kwake nduna iliyonse madera.

Mbiri ya padziko lonse

Lonse wamkulu, amene waliteteza lero, kunayamba chaka cha 1492. Izo analengedwa ndi Martin Behaim - German wasayansi ndi wapaulendo. Monga maziko anatenga deta ya Ptolemy ndi Toscanelli. Martin Behaim lonse akukhala Museum ku Nuremberg. Popeza America pa nthawi imeneyo kunali kusanafike anatsegula mu malo ake Boeheim zinasonyeza kum'mawa malekezero a Asia, komanso ambiri zilumba sanali sakupezeka.

Komabe, dziko lapansi loyamba kwambiri, malinga ndi kutchulidwa zolembedwa anapangidwa zaka 1700 zapitazo. Mlembi wake anali mwana wa Aristotle - Greek nzeru zapamwamba Crathes. Iye analenga chitsanzo ozungulira wa dziko lapansi zimene Komabe, samabwera pansi kwa masiku athu. Koma za akatswiri ena akale kufotokoza kuti anali chithunzi cha dziko olimba, anagawa m'magulu anayi ndi awiri mitsinje perpendicular intersecting.

mitundu globes

Malinga ndi zomwe zili akhoza kukhala wamkulu malo osiyanasiyana globes (chakale) kapena thematic (yotsirizira anatuluka mu zaka mazana makumi awiri). Malinga ndi kukula kwa globes mpira kumbali:

• yaing'ono (60 masentimita awiri);
• sing'anga (kwa masentimita 60 120);
• Large (zoposa 120 masentimita awiri).

Komanso lapansi, globes komanso kulibe zina zakuthambo a dongosolo dzuwa (mwezi, Mars, Mercury ndi T. D.), Ndipo nyenyezi. Ozungulira chitsanzo cha dziko lathuli akhoza zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Kungakhale pulasitiki, pepala, galasi kapena mwala.

Pomaliza

Ndiye kodi lonse? Tsopano inu mosavuta funso limeneli. Izi chitsanzo cha Earth, amene ali chimodzimodzi monga kake, popanda bongo malowa ndi contours a zinthu m'madera onse a padziko. Akukhulupirira kuti Globe woyamba kwambiri adalenga German katswiri Martin Behaim mu 1492. Komabe, mabuku akale kwambiri zida ofanana chibwenzi kumbuyo zaka za zana lachitatu BC.