Gerald Ford: ndondomeko mkati ndi kunja (mwachidule), ndi mbiri, zithunzi

Kuphunzira mbiri ya USA, wowerenga tcheru kuona kuti osachepera kuphunzira ndi utsogoleri wa Gerald Ford. Koma pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, nthawi ichi m'moyo wa mphamvu amphamvu wakhala mwina zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

Zochita za nthawi imeneyi pansi Pulezidenti Forde

Ndipotu, upandu ndi mavuto azachuma kuchuluka kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu. Kuchuluka chiwerengero cha anthu kutaya chikhulupiriro mwa apolisiwo akakhumudwa pa anthu a ku America. The Vietnam nkhondo ndi mapeto ake, wathuwu boma US, kukuwonjezera zinthu.

Ngakhale motere, pulezidenti Ford anakhoza, chifukwa cha khalidwe bata komanso kuwapatsa kubwezeretsa chidaliro cha anthu pulezidenti ndi kulimbitsa chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino. Pa utsogoleri wake, mu 1975, iye anapangidwa limodzi Soviet-American ndege ya pulogalamu "Soyuz-Apollo" ndi docking spacecraft. Kukonzekera chochitika anayamba pansi Nixon. Komanso pa nthawi yomweyo mu United States phwando la chikumbutso 200th wa Declaration American wa wodzilamulira.

Komabe, sikunali kokwanira kuukitsa kutchuka wa Republican Party, kuonongedwa ndi Watergate, amene kupewedwa Gerald Ford kukhala pulezidenti kwa akuti chachiwiri.

Gerald Ford: MBIRI kwa nyengo ya ubwana ndi unyamata

Gerald Rudolph Ford, mutsogoleli sate-eyiti la United States, yemwe anali ku 1973 kuti 1976, anabadwa July 14, 1913. chochitika zimenezi zinachitika Omaha, Nebraska. Mnyamata wina dzina lake Leslie Lynch Mfumu. Patapita kanthawi pang'ono banja odukaduka. Mayi wa mutu tsogolo la pa chowulungika Office, Dorothy Mfumu anakwatira kachiwiri. nthawi iyi anali wosankhidwa malonda Gerald Rudolph Ford, poyamba kuchokera kwawo kwa Grand Springs. Choncho, Leslie Lynch King, kamodzi anatembenuka, chifukwa bambo ake, mu Gerald Rudolph Ford.

Monga mwana yaing'ono Gerald anali Scout, mu utsogoleri wolowezana wa bungwe, anafika pamwamba ndi kutenga udindo wapamwamba, Eagle Scout. The sukulu mpira timu mwana kenako mnyamata anali woyendetsa. Akusewera mpira, iye sanafooke ndi mu nthawi ya kafukufuku pa yunivesite ya Michigan.

Titamaliza mu Alma Mater mu 1935, mnyamata anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Yale University School of Law. maphunziro - 1941.

Wambiri Gerald Ford asanafike ake mfundo zazikulu

Pambuyo kulowa US mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Gerald Ford anabwera kwa maphunziro apadera, kumene mlangizi asilikali anali asilikali kukonzekera.

Mu 1943, Ford Mlangizi ntchito yatha, ndipo mpaka 1946 utumiki ikuchitika padziko ndege chonyamulira "Monterey." chombo ichi, pamene Pacific Ocean, ali nawo ntchito angapo a asilikali motsutsa Japanese Imperial apanyanja.

Kubwera zilipo, Gerald Ford anabwerera kumzinda Palm Srings, pamene anayamba ntchito monga ogwira ntchito malamulo. Ndiye iye anaganiza kuti iye adzakhala chinkhoswe mu ndale.

Nawo moyo ndale za dziko nthawi isanafike mu chowulungika Office

Ine ndinabwera 1948. candidacy Ford a asankha ndi Republican Party mu Nyumba ya oimira Congress US. Ndi chigonjetso mu chisankho izi ndi kuyamba ntchito yake ndale. Ford mobwerezabwereza ŵakasankha udindo uwu kwa zaka zambiri, mpaka mu 1973.

Atakhala mu Nyumba ya oimira, ndale nawo kufufuza za kuphedwa zokopa za Purezidenti Kennedy mu 1963. Warren Commission ankachita nawo malonda, ndipo Ford anali yogwira membala ake. Komabe, n'kukhutira wapadera, ntchito sikuti anabweretsa, chifukwa zotsatira za kufufuza za zotsatira zake kukauza akuluakulu ndi Commission ndi anthu US m'mbuyomu pansi kutsutsa lakuthwa.

Chifukwa chokwanira, makhalidwe a Ford-wandale ananena kuti anatsutsa escalation cha nkhondo ya ku Vietnam ndi United States, anali wothandiza ndi bwenzi wa Pulezidenti Nixon.

Mabwinja udachitikira mphamvu

Mu 1973, chifukwa cha kumuyalutsa msonkho, anakakamizika kusiya Spiro Agnew, yemwe anali wachiwiri wa Pulezidenti. Ntchito zogwirizana Kusintha malamulo, Pulezidenti Nixon yoikidwiratu Gerald Ford m'malo Agnew.

Patapita chaka anaswa wathuwu Watergate kumuyalutsa, Nixon anaopseza iyenera kukonzedwa. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti zaufulu mwamsanga pantchito ya White House. Motero, popanda chisankho ndi congresses, wotsatila mutsogoleli Gerald Ford, malinga ndi malamulo, atakhala pulezidenti US mwalamulo kutenga malo mu 1974, pa August 9. Tisanapitilire nkhani yathu angadziwire kuti fanizo. Choncho, timudziwe bwino: Gerald Ford (onani chithunzi m'munsimu).

mfundo yachilendo

Pankhani m'dera ntchito imeneyi, zikhoza ankanena kuti Pulezidenti Gerald Ford wasiya chizindikiro chake mu mbiri ya mayiko. Kupitiriza malamulo a détente wayamba ndi Pulezidenti wakale Nixon, Ford anapita ku Soviet Union, anapitiriza anayambitsa mu 1971 matenda kugona ndi Communist China, yayenda Vietnam nkhondo.

Komabe, panali mphindi negative. Choncho, anyalanyaza Congress, motsogoleredwa ndi mutsogoleli Ford anachita ntchito yapadera mu Cambodia. Kutsekeledwa ndi Chikambodiya Zombo Zankhondo malonda US chombo yotereyi ya 39 oyendetsa anabwerera kunyumba sanamuvulaze, koma anapha US Asilikali (anthu 41), ndi bomba ku mpweya Chikambodiya mumzinda wa Sihanoukville. Mu 1975, kachiwiri mu chinsinsi kuchokela Congress, Ford udindo kuthandiza magulu odana ndi boma pa boma nkhondo Angola. Kunja Gerald Ford malamulo, mwa zina, anali mbali ziwiri zofunika ofunika chisamaliro chapadera. Iwo - détente ndi Vietnam. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuziziritsa kusagwirizana

Mu 1975, Pulezidenti Ford kukaona ku USSR, kumene mu Vladivostok anakumana ndi Mlembi General wa CPSU Committee chapakati Brezhnevym L. I. takambirana pa msonkhano umenewu ndi boma ubale pakati pa USSR - United States, ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, ndipo njira kuchepetsa vuto ambiri nkhondo ya nyukiliya. Mkati vuto lomaliza anathana mafunso a malire a manja njira zolawula.

Pa nthawi yomweyo Ford anasaina Helsinki Chogwirizana pa Security ndi Cooperation.

Komabe, ndi pa m'munda-Democrats Congressmen kutsutsa khama pulezidenti. Congress anapambana Jackson-Vanik Kusintha kwa pangano malonda pakati pa USSR ndi United States of 1972, womangidwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa mgwirizano zimenezi ndi zinthu ndi ufulu wa mu Soviet Union.

Vietnam

A tsamba wapadera mu mbiri ya Amerika ali nawo US mu Vietnam nkhondo, kapena kuti ankatchedwa andale kupata ndi atolankhani, ndi US Vietnam ulendo. Popanda kukhala pa mbali zonse ndi zochitika za wopweteka misonkhano US anthu, kungonena kuti mu zaka za ulamuliro Ford ankaona kale kuti chifukwa chiyambi ndi bomba la North Vietnam, zina zotero. N. Tonkin chochitikacho chinali chinyengo nthano zongopeka mabungwe nzeru US. Pafupifupi dziko lonse makhalidwe kapena ndalama amapereka Pankhondo ya nkhondo Vietnamese anthu ufulu ndi reunification a dziko. Mu 1975, asilikali a DRV linatengedwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho Saigon - likulu la Republic of South Vietnam, pa ya pulezidenti kukazikoloŵeka mbendera ya chigonjetso.

America anasamutsidwa akazembe ake ndi Vietnamese, amene sanathe kukhala m'dziko ukapolo.

Komabe, ubwenzi mwachindunji la asilikali US maopareshoni nkhondowo itatha kale, mu 1973, ndi kusaina pangano mtendere Paris.

Zotsatira za nkhondo pa anthu a ku America anali amphamvu kuti US anathetsa yolembedwa usilikali ndipo anayamba kutenga ankhondo. Iwo anayamba kusintha ichi pansi Pulezidenti Nixon. The inductee otsiriza anapuma ku Army US mu 1974.

Ambiri, monga anthu, ndi mphamvu chifukwa cha nkhondo imeneyi tinadabwa T. N. Vietnam syndrome. Ndiko kuti, anthu ndi boma zifukwa anapeŵeratu kukodwa mu nkhondo chomwecho. The chifukwa cha zimenezi nthawi yaitali mukopedwe mfundo yachilendo wa Pulezidenti ndi Congress.

Pa nthawi yomweyo anadziwika US maboma kuchita nthawi isanafike kusocheretsa maganizo a anthu, onse m'bwalo lonse komanso America.

mfundo zoweta

M'dera lino, chiwerengero cha zochita pulezidenti anaonetsetsa kukula wosakhutira nzika. Choncho, mu 1974, 8 September, Ford, inalamula kuti wakhululukidwa kuloŵedwa m'malo ake onse, onse akhala odziwika bwino, nakhala layamba, Kulakwira dziko anachita ndi Richard Nixon mtsogoleri US.

Chifukwa cha Amnesty, ngakhale izo zikugwilizana ndi malamulo a za malamulo, pulezidenti Gerald Ford kuti sunayambe ubale ndi Congress. Komanso, panali ambiri a Democrats.

Choncho, Congress anakana kumeta ndalama pa moyo. Ford iyeyo pa zaka za ulamuliro wake, chikangoperekedwa ndi veto pa zoposa 50 ngongole osiyana. Nawonso Congress sanagwirizane ndi wapampando ndipo adavomereza iwo kachiwiri. Ford anagonjetsedwa ndi nkhani ya ankamvetsa msonkho ndalama. Ndipotu Pulezidenti wake anali ndiwofatsa, pamene Congress - kwakukulukulu - olekerera. Ndipo, mosiyana ndi malo a White House, ndi kuchotsera amaitcha kuti opindula ndi ndalama otsika. Choncho, malamulo zoweta Gerald Ford sanathe mogwira akumenya mosalekeza ndi Congress.

chuma

Mu nthawi ya inalowa ya Gerald Ford mu ofesi Pulezidenti ndi muulamuliro wake wa United States ali mu sagwirizana zachuma: kufufuma ndi ulova chikukwera kupanga chili pansi. Akuluakulu anakakamizika kuchepetsa ndalama boma. Ndalama za pulogalamu iliyonse, zosagwirizana ndi njira imodzi kapena wina ndi zofuna za Pentagon Ndipotu ndinayima.

Kutha kwa ntchito ndale ndi chisamaliro cha moyo

Ngakhale zingapo mwa zinthu ndi khama la akuyesetsa amene anagwira Gerald Ford, mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo, mwachidule anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, ine sanasangalale kutchuka lonse anthu American. Njira zothetsera kufufuma kunachitika mu nkhani yofunika, koma zinapangitsa nyamuka ku ulova kwa 12%, anayamba kuchepa lalikulu chuma US kuyambira aakulu a zachuma 1929-1933. Mu 1974, adani okhazikika Republicans - Democrats - anapambana pa chisankho midterm m'nyumba onse a Congress. Izi anadza kwa chigonjetso awo pa mpikisano wa pulezidenti. Wina - sate-chinayi - pulezidenti US anali phungu wa Democratic Party.

Gerald Ford anataya chisankho cha Pulezident phungu wa chipani mnzake Dzhimmi Karteru, anasiya chowulungika Office, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito pa American ogwira Institute.

Ali kumeneko pa positi pamwamba pa dongosolo mphamvu ya United States Ford wopyoza awiri anayesa analephera moyo wake. Kukhala wakale pulezidenti, kwenikweni anasiya ndale.

Mu 2006, pa December 26, pulezidenti wakale wa ku US Gerald Ford, ndondomeko mkati ndi kunja amene kale anayamba kuiwala, iye anamwalira, amasiya ana anayi. Ndipo, ndithudi, ndi appreciable ndithu kufufuza mu mbiri.