Ezhen Ionesko "Rhinoceros": Mwachidule, kusanthula

Pamene nkhondo yachiwiri wamwalira pansi, anthu padziko lonse anayamba kudabwa, kodi izo tuluka kuti Fascism adanyamuka pakati wotukuka Europe. Ambiri mwa anthu alipo nkhawa ndi funso, kodi anzeru, ophunzira ndi anthu wabwino awonongedwe mamiliyoni nzika chifukwa yekha kuti ali ndi magwero osiyanasiyana.

Wina kufuna woyamba kufotokoza zikamera wa Fascism ndi ofanana kayendedwe anapanga French wolemba Ezhen Ionesko. "Rhinoceros" (mu Baibulo lina "Chipembere") - ndi sewero limene anafotokoza limagwirira wa zosayembekezereka ya chodabwitsa mu dziko lachilendo, amene pang'onopang'ono kukhala ponseponse.

Wambiri Ezhena Ionesko

Wolemba wina anabadwa mu Romania m'chaka cha 1909, bambo ake anabadwa kumeneko, ndipo mayi anga anali French. Kuyambira ndili mwana, mnyamata ankalankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo French. Ndi mliri wa ubale lonse pakati pa makolo a mwanayo anakula ndi adagawana. Mayi anatenga ana ndipo anapita kwawo ku France.

Pamene Ezhen Ionesko atakula, anayesa moyo ndi bambo ake Romania. Apa iye anapita ku University of Bucharest, akukonzekera kuphunzitsa French. Koma mu 1938 anabwerera kunyumba mayi ake ndipo anakhala ku Paris onse.

ndakatulo yake yoyamba Ionesco analemba Romania, ndi zaka za moyo Romania, anayamba kuiwala French, kotero kuti pamene anabwerera ku France, iye anali kukhala bwino nzeru.

kukhala Wolemba wina

Adakali wophunzira Buhareste Ezhen anapeza zikamera kayendedwe otchuka ovomereza-lopondereza. Komabe, wolemba masewero wina yekha, kutengeka uku zimawoneka yozungulira m'chipululu, zimenezi anadzakhala Mutu wa "Chipembere" ndi ntchito zake zina.

Back mu Paris, Ionescu analemba nkhani yolembedwa pa Charles Baudelaire, ndipo zimayesetsa kulemba ntchito zake. Yotchuka kwambiri ndi Ionesco kusewera komanso analemba nkhani yochepa, essays.

Monga Wolemba wina ndi Eugene debuted mu 1950 ndi kusewera "The dazi woimba", umene unalembedwa mchikakamizo cha Chingerezi phunziro. Ntchito iyi inali Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za "zisudzo za chotheka" - gulu zolembalemba, amene munakhala mu ntchito zake Ionesco.

Ezhen Ionesko anamwalira mu March cha 1994. Wotchuka kwambiri anali m'gulu la cholowa kulenga ya Ionesco a "Rhinoceros" masewero "The dazi woimba", "Mipando," "disinterested wakupha", "Macbeth", "mpweya ndimeyi" ndi ena.

Magwero a kusewera "Rhinoceros" ( "Rhinoceros")

Pambuyo bwino masewero woyamba Wolemba wina wake mwachangu iye amanoledwa luso lake kulemba mu mtundu wanyimbo wa absurdity ndi chododometsa. Kumakana Kuzindikira zisudzo, iye ankakhulupirira kuti kunali koyenera kupita ku miyoyo yathu, pamene zidutswa zonse zinadzala ndi zizindikiro zobisika ndi lomveka. Mu makumi asanu mochedwa, pamene Europe pang'onopang'ono atachira nkhondo, anthu ambiri anayamba kudabwa za zifukwa zikamera wa fascism, oopa kubwereza kwa pachitike tsoka. Ngati mdani wa dongosolo lililonse lopondereza kuyambira m'masiku a maphunziro Romania, palibe amene ankadziwa bwino nkhaniyi Ezhen Ionesko. "Rhinoceros" ( "Chipembere") - dzina la sewero lake latsopano lomwe linasindikizidwa mu 1959. Mu chaka chomwecho, mawu mu zamasewero ku Dusseldorf.

Ezhen Ionesko "Rhinoceros": Mwachidule

The kusewera tichipeza zochita atatu. M'nthawi pafupi cafe pabwalopo kukhala mabwenzi, Jean ndi Berenger. Jean ankakalipira bwenzi lake, amene zikuoneka kumwa kwambiri dzulo ndipo tinali nayo nthawi kuti achire. Mwadzidzidzi, Chipembere akuthamanga kale iwo. Chirichonse mantha ndi kukambirana chochitika zapadera, kusonyeza mkwiyo wawo. Beranger yekha chidwi ndi chirichonse, koma mu cafe sikuphatikizidwa wokongola Daisy, imene munthu chikondi. Nthawiyi, Jean limati ufulu makhalidwe a moyo ndipo pamapeto pake Beranger akuvomera amapatula madzulo chikhalidwe.

Tinamva mkokomo, ndipo likukhalira kuti rhinoceros anali chabe wosweka mwini mphaka. mikangano, kodi rhinos ambiri, ndi chimene iwo ankawonekera. Beranger mwadzidzidzi akulengeza kuti fumbi Rose kuthamanga kudutsa Chipembere, zinali zosatheka kuti aganizire. Jean anam'sautsa, kukwiya ndi masamba. Munthu kukhumudwa akulamula chakumwa ndipo akusankha kusiya anakonza pulogalamu chikhalidwe.

The kanthu chachiwiri Ionesco, "Rhinoceros" wa sewerolo chikuchitika mu utumiki wa Beranger mu ofesi. Apa onse zikukangalika kukambirana rhinos ndi zosamvetsetseka kuchuluka kwawo. Iwo amati, kukangana, anasonyeza mosiyanasiyana, sankadziwa kuti mnzake awo Beth sanabwere ntchito.

Posakhalitsa, mkazi wake anafika mantha akuwauza za mofulumira mwamuna wake, kenako amagwiritsa rhinoceros chiphona. Mwadzidzidzi Madame amaona kuti mwamuna wake ndi nyama kuyankha foni yake. Nakhala pa nsana wake, panyumba.

Daisy ndi ozimitsa moto akupita kuthandiza ogwira ntchito kupita pansi, monga Chipembere Beth anathyola makwerero. Iwo likukhalira kuti mzinda ali ndi nambala yaikulu rhinos, ndi manambala awo kukula.

Mmodzi mwa antchito Dyudar amapereka Beranger kupita kukamwa chakumwa, koma akukana, ngati wasankha kupita Jean ndi mtendere ndi iye.

Kufika pa nyumba ya mnzake Beranger amaona kuti akudwala. Pang'onopang'ono, pafupifupi kutsogolo kwa bwenzi lake, ngwazi ya kwasanduka rhinoceros a. Mantha munthu kuitana mnansi thandizo, koma iye ali anakhala chirombo. Glancing pawindo Beranger amaona pa msewu zambiri rhinos kale smashing benchi. Mantha, iye akuthawa kwawo.

Mchitidwe lachitatu la sewero Ezhena Ionesko "Rhinoceros" kumachitika Beranger nyumba.

Iye akumverera kudwala, ndipo iye mnzake wake Dyudar akubwera. Tikukambirana Beranger nthawi zonse zikuoneka kuti kwasanduka rhinoceros a. Ndi chowopsya Mtsikana wotere iye. Komabe, alendo kakuwasangalatsa munthu kuti ziri choncho, chifukwa rhinos ndithu wokondeka, ngakhale pang'ono uncouth cholengedwa. Iwo likukhalira kuti anthu ambiri otchuka a mzinda, mu mfundo inayake, akhala ndi rhinos ndi kumva kwambiri. Beranger sakondwera ndi mfundo zimenezi wolemekezeka ndi chanzeru nzika asankha njira iyi.

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti nyumba ndi adasonkhananso Daisy. Iye amauza amuna kuti nawonso, anakhala mtsogoleri wa rhinoceros ndi kuyendera limodzi ndi zodabwitsazi tsopano yapamwamba. Beranger akuganizira chakuti rhinos akhoza mwanjira olekanitsidwa anthu, kuletsa kukula kwa anthu awo, koma alendo akhutire kuti Chipembere achibale adzatsutsana izo, komanso ufulu wa zinyama.

Dyudaru mwachionekere wokongola Daisy, iye ndi nsanje iye Beranger, kotero kusiya interlocutors wake ndipo inasanduka rhinoceros ndi mwaufulu.

Otsala awiri Daisy ndipo Beranger mantha, chifukwa kulikonse amveka mkokomo wa nyama, ngakhale pa wailesi. Posachedwapa iye amatha kusintha maganizo ake, kusankha kuti zipembere ali woyenera ulemu ndi kulandira mbama ku anadandaula Beranger, kusiya khola.

Munthu ndekha, iye akuganizira ngati m'pofunika kukhala rhinoceros. Chifukwa Iye anali kufunafuna mfuti, wokonzeka kufotokoza kwa otsiriza.

Protagonist wa sewerolo - Beranger

kanthu zonse zikuchitika mu sewerolo Ionesco a "Rhinoceros", inazikidwa Beranger.

Poyerekeza anthu ena olemekezeka a ku mudziwo zikuwoneka ngati wakunja. Yonseyo, si KUSUNGA nthawi zambiri kulankhula kunja kwa malo, munthu umasokoneza ena, ngakhale bwenzi lapamtima la Jean. Koma iye mwamtheradi sikukuvulaza wina aliyense, kupatula yekha.

Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha chinthu icho chiri vinyo waukulu Beranger yekha kuti salowa kuti agwirizane ambiri amavomereza mfundo kapena mafashoni. Choncho, pamene onse ali otanganidwa mu cafe kuonera rhinos, munthu akuganiza za bwenzi lake. Komanso sayesa kugona kwa inu, kuti agwirizane timu, ndipo mwangozi poyera mabodza a ena.

Mosiyana ndi anthu zomveka, Beranger moyo maganizo. Iye ali mu chikondi ndi Daisy ndipo chifukwa sakuona mavuto a anthu ena. Komanso mwamuna ayang'ana bwino ngati munthu woledzera, amaona ubwenzi ndi zambiri kuposa zolondola m'zonse Jean. Ndipotu, kupanga naye mwamtendere, Berenger akukana kupita ngakhale madzi akumwa.

Wina kusiyana - kumverera wotsika. Pamene mzindawo kwambiri omasuka, ndi ngwazi amayang'ana pa maziko a ovutika ozungulira. Ndipo pamene anthu onse pa zifukwa zina, nyama, kukana kukhala rhinoceros, Berenger kachiwiri akuona ngati wina aliyense.

Ezhen Ionesko "Rhinoceros": kusanthula

Ngati lero kusewera kalembedwe ndi maganizo afotokozedwa mu izo zikuwoneka zachilendo, ndiye nthawi ya penipeni mu zaka zao za sikisite, chinali chinthu chatsopano, diso kugwira. Izi ntchito chifukwa chakuti chidutswa m'gulu onse mbali zisudzo absurdity kuti chionekera umenewu Eugene Ionesko ( "Rhinos). Kutsutsa sewerolo ndithu anazindikira, makamaka, iwo ankaona ntchito odana lopondereza. Komabe, wolemba wa maganizo ofooketsa kuti kutanthauzira ngati ntchito yake, ponena kuti maganizo ake anali onse kwambiri, koma aliyense ali ndi ufulu kuwamasulira iwo mmene akufunira.

Mu ntchito yake wolemba mwachangu zionetsero maganizo opondereza kuti kusandutsa anthu kukhala imvi misa omvera kuwononga payekha.

Mu sewero ili akuonekera bwino ziwalo zisudzo za chotheka, monga negation cha Kuzindikira - zochitika zonse ngati wosangalatsa ndi tanthauzo. Amaonetsa ndi owerenga timvetse zimene zinachitika, koma n'chifukwa chiyani anthu mwadzidzidzi anayamba kulipira zipembere (chilango cha uchimo, zidule UFO kapena chinachake), palibe aliyense akudziwa.

Zomveka, maganizo wanzeru, amene Ionesco anakhulupirira amachititsa mavuto onse amenenso kudzudzulidwa mu sewerolo. Only kubwera zopanda nzeru khalidwe Beranger ali otetezeka ku matenda yachilendo otembenuka kwa rhinos.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu sewero lake Ezhen Ionesko anafotokoza magawo onse a legalization wa luso chodabwitsa chilichonse mlendo kwa anthu onse, omwe okha nineties zaka mazana makumi awiri anali anakonza ndipo dzina lake Overton zenera. Malinga ndi iye, lingaliro lirilonse, ziribe kanthu momwe zakutchire Mwachitsanzo, kudya akhoza kulandilidwa ndi chitaganya wabwinobwino, kuyenda masitepe asanu: Sindingachite kwakukulu, yokondweretsa, wololera, muyezo ndi zabwinobwino.

Wowoneka tsoka masewero

Pambuyo anachitapo zazikulu mu Parisian zisudzo "Odeon" mu 1960 izo ankachitika sewero "Rhinoceros" m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. Chidutswa poyamba kunaoneka ngati odana ndi lopondereza, kotero pa kuyamba kwa ena a m'nkhaniyi anavala yunifolomu German. Koma kenako zasintha maganizo, ndi atsogoleri atsopano popereka masomphenya ake a ntchito njira zina.

"Rhinos" anayikidwa pa ambiri a zithunzi wotchuka wa dziko, ndi zisudzo wamkulu wa zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema olemekezeka kusewera mu sewero ili. Kwa nthawi yoyamba udindo ankaimba Beranger French wosewera Jean-Lui Barro. Kenako, khalidwe ankaimba ndi ojambula zithunzi ngati wotchuka ngati Viktor Avilov, Kirill Pirogov, Lourens Olive, Benedict Cumberbatch ndi ena.

Tsoka la "Rhinoceros" mu USSR

Kukhala anazindikira monga mankhwala a odana ndi lopondereza, pambuyo "Rhinos" kuyamba anaonekera mu USSR patapita zaka zisanu. sewerolo inafalitsidwa mu "Literature okhonda". Koma posachedwapa analetsedwa kuyambira maganizo afotokozedwa mu "Rhinoceros", kudzudzulidwa chikomyunizimu ndipo. Komabe, sanaleke kufala kwa sewerolo. lemba makalata ake, tinalisindikizanso ndi wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja. chiletso A wawonjezera kuti mankhwala a kutchuka izi zingachitike.

Mu 1982, kusewera ndi ankachitika ochitira masewero a zofufuzafufuza wa Moscow. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi pambuyo kuyamba wa sewerolo otsekedwa, ndi pamaso kukonzanso kwa sankandilola uliwonse. Komabe, pambuyo kudza kwa ulamuliro Gorbachev a "zipembere" anayamba ulendo wake kupambana kwa zithunzi yabwino ya Soviet Union, kenako Russia.

Quotes ku "Chipembere"

Chimodzi mwa zofunika za zisudzo za chotheka ganizo pun Ionesco. "Rhinoceros" (tikalemba pansipa) munali zambiri paradoxes mawu. Mwachitsanzo, nzeru za kuganiza za mphaka.

Kapena kukambirana pang'ono za ana:

- Sindikufuna kuti ana. Zinthu zimenezi kosangalatsa.
- Kodi inu ndiye kumapita kuti ndipulumutse dziko lapansi?
- N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kumpulumutsa?

Komanso kwambiri chinyezimiro ngwazi za choonadi: "Nthawi Zoipa chifukwa cha ngozi, wosafuna kapena mosadziwa kulimbikitsa izo."

Patatha zaka zoposa makumi asanu pambuyo kuyamba wa Ionesco a "Rhinoceros" kusewera akadali sanataye kufunika zake ndi kuika m'mabwalo ambiri padziko lonse.