Ethos-chi mphunzitsi mu nkhani ndi Likhanova "zolinga zabwino" ndi ndemanga zake. "Zolinga Good" Lihanov Albert Anatolevich

The chiphiphiritso cha Fund ndi Russian Ana, yemwe walunjika ndi wolemba mtolankhani Albert Likhanov imati motere :. "Tsiku popanda ntchito zabwino" Concise, catchy mawu sanathe bwino amasonyeza maganizo a anazindikira anthu chithunzi (iye atsogoleri otchuka Mayiko Association of Ana Ndalama, ndi mkulu wa Institute of paubwana academician, aulemu nzika ya mzinda wa Kirov ndi Kirov dera). Likhanov anaganiza ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti ambiri oona mtima malingaliro a munthu, kanthu, akapanda kutsatira ndi kanthu kwenikweni. Lero adzakhala "zolinga zabwino" ntchito wotchuka. bukhu lofalitsidwa mu 1981. Ndi mkulu khalidwe la umunthu wa chi mphunzitsi.

"Pakhale dzuwa!"

Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe zochita za anthu pa maganizo a makolo, koma koposa zonse akufuna amvedwe ndi mwana alidziwe yonena za wolemba AA Likhanova. Iye anabadwa September 13, 1935 mu Kirov, mu losavuta Soviet banja. Atate - makaniko, mayi - ndi wothandizira zasayansi ku chipatala ndipo panthawi ya nkhondo - mu chipatala kuthawa.

Mu 1958 anamaliza Dipatimenti ya utolankhani a Ural State University (Ural University State, Sverdlovsk, tsopano Yekaterinburg). Mu mumzinda wakwawo kudziwika monga mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala "Kirov owona." Mu 1961, pano, m'dziko wochepa, iye anatsogolera magaziniyo "Komsomol fuko." Kirovchane akulu m'badwo adzakumbukira buku la wolemba.

Pansi Kirov adaona kuwala kwa woyamba zolembalemba ana Likhanova ( "O mfumukazi mfulu, mbewu golide ndi mitima otentha", 1959). Wolemba yekha anatenga monga poyambira ake mumsewu nkhani "Pakhale dzuwa!" (1963). Atapita ndi zaka ndi zaka, ndi owerenga anayamba kuphunzira "mu nkhope" wodzichepetsa buku pang'ono ndi mawu akuti: ". Zolinga zabwino" A. Likhanov, Analysis ntchito tizichita lero.

Achinyamata - kosangalatsa wathu

Pambuyo pake Novosibirsk, nyuzipepala "Komsomolskaya Pravda" imene ili mtolankhani Albert A. ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri, kumasulira mu makina-Union Leninist Communist Youth League Committee Central ndi magazini "Change". Yotsirizira anakhala tsoka la wolemba kwa zaka makumi awiri. zaka 13, kuyambira mu 1975, AA Likhanov anali mkonzi wa buku ndi mwambo amphamvu zolembalemba.

Youth chisindikizo analola kuti agwera mu miyoyo ya ana ndi achinyamata a dziko yaikulu lotchedwa Soviet Union, kuti tikambirane za ubale pakati pa makolo ndi ana kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Kamodzi mutu osankhidwa anakhala pakati kwa ntchito za mlembi. Wolemba ndi kuonetsetsa kuti kukula anthu (tsogolo lathu) kulandira chidwi cha anthu. A udindo wapadera mu kuphunzitsa achinyamata, kumene m'banja ndi sukulu. Likhanov mabuku ambiri odzipereka kwa ana a nkhondo.

Pachimake ntchito yolembera AA Likhanova zinachitika mu 1970-1990 gg. Mu 1983 TH buku la "The pedagogy modabwitsa: Essays pa Kutsutsana" (1983) analandira Mayiko zolembalemba mphoto iwo. J. Korczak. Kuyambira 1987, ntchito yolenga ya wolemba amapita kwa anthu, umalimbana kuteteza ana. Nthano "zolinga zabwino" nayenso chishango olimba mtendere osalimba zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

dziko sakhala wopanda ana amasiye

nthano AA Likhanova "zolinga zabwino" za amasiye mutu ndi makolo wamoyo, kusungulumwa ana ochokera mu nkhondo ndi mabomba, pansi pa thambo zofewa buluu yokutidwa ndi mitambo yoyera. Mtendere amasiye. Mtima woganizira owerenga m'ma XXI makamaka nkhawa yakuti buku lolembedwa zaka zoposa 35 zapitazo, kuposa kale zogwirizana lero.

Ndithudi, kukana kuchita makolo udindo - chodabwitsa wamba mu Russia ano. Pali maganizo kuti vutolo zovuta chifukwa chakuti lero "Nadia-sic" - otchedwa ngwazi pang'ono kutsogolera ankakonda mphunzitsi wanu Nadezhda Georgievna - n'zochepa kwambiri.

Za bukhu mayankho "Good zolinga" owerenga pafupifupi ofanana. Iwo anamutcha buku la mtundu, zilizonse, zinapatsira ndi chiyero cha malingaliro a mphunzitsi wachinyamata mabuku Hope. Mtsikanayo ndi mtima wanga nkhawa zonse za Undercut tsoka la ophunzira ake, anachita kuwonetsetsa kuti ake kukwatiwa "Umki" kuzindikira chikondi amayi - "Tengelelani" (mu eponymous filimu kuchokera filimu Albert Likhanova pali chochitika chokhudza komwe asungwana aang'ono ndi chiyembekezo BHA kuonera zojambula "Umka "), ndi tate mwachikondi, ngakhale iwo adzapereka cholakwika magazi anthu.

Kodi zolinga zabwino?

Kumbukirani chiwembu: Pedagogical Institute kumbuyo yogawa, chiyambi cha moyo ntchito. Izo zinachitika kuti mtsikana wodzichepetsa Hope, monga kutsogolo, igwera mu gulu loyamba kalasi, 22 umene - amasiye ku osungirako ana amasiye. Anakulira mwambo wa wakutemwa wolemekezeka Soviet ndi kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena ( "ndi mtima namwali bondo sikutheka"), kukhala anthu kumene ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ndi mnzake, comrade ndi m'bale, mphunzitsi salola maganizo kusiya ntchito yapamwamba kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzitsa masewera molasidwa . Zolinga zake zabwino. Koma ali kuti? Izi mwachidule. Likhanov zolinga zabwino wa Amafuna, koma si woyera "dreamy" maonekedwe.

32 wazaka Hope mopanda mantha akumveka kumatikumbutsabe wa kuperekedwa kuti anthu amayi ndi abambo mofanana. Akufuna kupeza wamkulu wina aliyense mwana wamasiye, kuti "anthu pang'ono" ngakhale odziwa chikondi cha moto banja. Poyamba, onse ali bwino kuposa kale. Anthu ali ofunitsitsa (kapena kuganiza angakwanitse) chifundo. Koma onse si mophweka: kupeza mabwenzi wamkulu ana anali mosavuta kuposa kuwasunga. Chifukwa kusiyana ndi zomveka, koma nanga bwanji izo?

M'njiramo kuyenera kuonekera. Ndi osati za zisanu ndi ziwiri anyamata ndi atsikana amene amakakamizidwa kukula popanda makolo, ndi kuti izi zonse m'dziko malo "pafupi zabwino afika zoipa." Ndipo za mphamvu za udindo pa zochita zawo ndi irresponsibility. Koma maiko a ana ndi akulu, ngakhale zina ngati kumalo ozizira Ndipotu, ayenera kukhala yemweyo. Apo ayi - vuto. Mu nkhani ya "zolinga Good" Albert Anatolevich Lihanov amalankhula za izo.

Mother-cuckoo

Anapiye pansi pa makolo phiko kusiyanitsa kunyumba wabwino ndi sukulu yogonera komweko, kumene amakhala ndipo phunzirani kwa mlungu mpaka mlungu. Ana samaona kusiyana pakati pa sukulu ndi kunyumba ana. Kwa iwo, otaya mlungu oyeserera: aphunzitsi, boma mosamala tsiku, moyo wamba. Kodi kusiyana chiyani dzina la malo? Mwachitsanzo pambuyo kuwerenga mwachidule. "Good zolinga" Likhanov anamanga m'njira kuti n'kosatheka kuti kumva chisoni ndi chiyembekezo kusiyidwa.

The heroine wa buku Lepestinya sangathe kumvetsa ali amasiye, ndi njala, palibe nthawi yovuta. Koma Podi-ka ziri! Ndiyeno, ndi tsopano. Kodi anthu masiku ano vuto la orphanhood? Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti vutoli solvable (ngati mokwanira, ndiye mokulirapo), kulimbitsa mfundo banja ngati osati mu mawu ( "zolinga zabwino"), komabe. Kudos kwa umayi ndi bambo, ndi chosaiwalika pa zauzimu, osati chuma bwino - ". Matenda Kukushin" izi "mapiritsi" kuchokera Ana amasiye singagwire banja.

ntchito mphunzitsi

Kaya ntchito ndi yosavuta mphunzitsi wophunzitsa? Ndithudi ayi! Pafupifupi aliyense tsamba la nkhani angapezeke mizere zimene zimasonyeza maganizo a Hope Bonner mkulu ntchito mphunzitsi, wokhoza agwera mtima wonse mu munthu. Chikondi - ichi ndi mtundu waukulu "mafuta" zothandiza kuyatsa moyo wa aphunzitsiwo.

Kumva (ngati) Kodi Osabwezera kapena metered. Yabwino mphunzitsi - ndi maximalist mfulu, kotero iye amakoka Albert Likhanov. Kuchirikiza malingaliro ake mutu wa sukulu yogonera komweko kutchedwa mphunzitsi wa zochitika ft m'dzina la ana. Tikhoza kunena kuti ichi ndicho ntchito ya mphunzitsi mwachidule. Good zolinga Likhanov ndi waukulu ndi wamphamvu: iwo sayenera akufunira, maganizo kung'anima.

Inabuka machitidwe moyo, mnyamata mphunzitsi, sindine wolakwa pa zimenezo "anzanu achikulire 'zolinga sizinakwaniritsidwe, osati awo mnyozo, ndipo yekha, chifukwa amaganiza kuti pandekha amapangitsa chilichonse chimene chimachitika padziko. Izi kudzipereka kwa owerenga ambiri zovuta kumvetsa. Kapena mumangire? Kapena mwina onse mofanana sanama kuti "moyo nthawi zonse ft", makamaka ngati ali dzina la mwanayo?

Chilango

Udindo tsogolo la ana amasiye - ndani mtanda uwu? Atetezi? States? Zonse pamodzi? Izi ndi vuto wamba ndipo azilankhula pa dziko kuti asangalala ngati namsongole, zosiyana ndi khalidwe anthu, pamene palibe umodzi alitcha kanthu, ndipo apulumutse kumira - ndi manja a kumira.

Mu nkhani ya "zolinga Good" zitsanzo monga mkulu mlingo wa manyazi, ndi irresponsibility a akulu amene ukuwawa ukuwawa ana. Ndipo si nkhani kulamulira zochita za "makolo" zomwe zinachititsa kuti wamasiye mtendere, ndipo kodi tinganene kuti monga chokhumudwitsa chimene chilango ayenera kutsatira.

Mu njira, chiyembekezo

Chiyembekezo G. - pa heroine chachikulu cha buku la - amatha ndi mkulu zolinga ndi kuchita, zimene zinakhala ndi owerenga ambiri. Buku limalimbikitsa, koma sizikupanga mwadongosolo kutsatira chitsanzo chake - kupanga chikondi zosatheka. Mwa ichi chimabwera (mwina) mtengo ambiri mayesero ndi mavuto zolakwika.

Mwakhama akalakwa kuwawa mtima wathu, koma oipitsitsa, pamene akuchoka "mphako" pa miyoyo mtima ana - osalimba, kukhulupirira, wobvutika.

Maloto si zoipa, m'pofunika kuchita

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale mu buku kapena kumasulidwa iye pa zikwangwani lonse filimu Albert Likhanov osati kuika mfundo pa ine, kupereka aliyense mwayi kuti awone momwe nkhaniyo inatha ndi kusiyidwa ndi mtendere pa nkhani iliyonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu chiphunzitso Albert Likhanova mabuku ambiri ndi buku "zolinga Good" makamaka ndi kuti ali odzazidwa ndi chifundo. Wolemba sakuopa mawu monga chifundo, kukoma mtima, kukhululukira, thandizo.

Amenewa akutanthauza mwachidule mankhwala. "Zolinga Good" Likhanov, ine ndikuganiza, iye akuti "kulira kochokera mu mtima." Akuti zachitika kuti lero ana onse Russian Ndipotu - amasiye. Anthu, osati kudikira "chifundo cha chilengedwe", kugonjera, iwo amaganiza zonse kukhala zochepa za chikondi, alibenso kudalira mphamvu ndi ndalama.

Koma chipulumutso cha anthu chagona pa iwo, ndi kukonda winayo ndi kuzungulira dziko. Albert Likhanov ndi mdani tchalitchi cha amaonera molakwika amatsogoza moyo. Iye akukhulupirira kuti tsopano ndiyo nthawi mwamphamvu LUMIKIZANI bwino zolinga ndi weniweni zochita.