Deimos ndi Phobos. "Mantha" ndi "mantha"

Deimos ndi Phobos - yaing'ono danga mfundo Kanema anzathu, Mars. Ngakhale dzina lake zokwanira oopsa, iwo amaoneka odzichepetsa poyerekeza ndi zina zakuthambo mu dongosolo la zowalitsa. Komabe, "mantha" ndipo "mantha" kuti silipita Mars mu kukuzungulira wake wosatha mu kanjira, ali wa mtengo wake wapatali ofufuza ndi chifukwa chidwi ndithu pakati astrophysicists.

kuneneratu wolemba

anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti atulukira pa makina a Mars kwa nthawi yoyamba zinachitika osati Observatory, ndipo masamba a ntchito wotchuka wa Jonathon Swift a "Gulliver a Maulendo." The mbali yaikulu mu umodzi wa mitu asayansi ku chilumba zouluka Laputa za iwo anapeza matupi awiri kuyenda kuzungulira Mars. Nkhani ya Zopatsa Gulliver anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Kupezeka sayansi ya Phobos ndi Deimos zinachitika patapita nthawi yaitali - mu 1877. Iye anapanga lake A. Hall pa nkhondo yaikulu ya Red Planet. Inayambira woyenera akupitiriza zifukwa zambiri: chakhala zotheka chifukwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri nyengo ndi ntchito zosaneneka wasayansi, amene nkhanizi monga zida zokwanira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa ungwiro.

crumb

Deimos ndi Phobos palibe chifukwa phunzirolo pogwiritsa ntchito zida ankachita masewera chifukwa cha wodzichepetsa kukula kwake. Iwo nthawi zina zing'onozing'ono kuposa Moon. Satellite Deimos - kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri chonchi chinthu mu System Dzuwa. Phobos penapake lalikulu kuposa "m'bale" wake, koma simungakhoze popitilira kukula chidwi. Chiyambireni cha astronautics nyengo zinthu zonse anali kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zingapo: "Viking 1", "Woyendetsa Chombo 9", "Phobos" "Mars Express". Ngakhale zithunzi zimapezeka makina kafukufuku komanso deta pa chikhalidwe ndi zikuchokera pamwamba.

magwero

Pakali pano, kufikira chimaliziro bwinobwino funso mmene Mars anaonekera makina. Mmodzi wa Baibulo ayenera kuti Deimos ndi Phobos - Red Planet analanda asteroids. Amaganiza kuti anachokera m'madera akumidzi a dongosolo dzuwa, kapena nkomwe kunja malire ake. Pasanathe ndithu kungoganizira makina asayansi kuitana magwero a Main Asteroid lamba. Mwina ntchito mu maonekedwe a Mars ichi "Maapatimenti" wachita Jupiter, yokoka munda ake amphamvu kupotoza zili m'njira ya asteroids zouluka pafupi.

"Mantha"

Phobos - wapafupi kwa dziko mwezi. Monga Deymos, iwo ali mawonekedwe osasamba ndipo amayendayenda mu kanjira pafupifupi zozungulira padziko Mars. Phobos nthawi ayang'anizana ndi dziko imodzi, zimene akufanana ndi Moon. Chifukwa cha ichi - pa mwangozi mwa nthawi thupi kasinthasintha padziko Mars nguli.

Kanjira wa Phobos ali pafupi kwambiri kwa Red Planet. Ofufuza ilili mchikakamizo cha m'munda Mphamvu ya Mars pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka (a pang'ono masentimita zosakwana khumi pa chaka). M'tsogolo, iwo akufuna chiwonongeko. Phobos kapena pafupifupi 11 miliyoni zaka idzagwa Mars, kapena pang'ono kale, patatha zaka 7 miliyoni, adzakhala analekanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka ya dziko ndi ndipamene mphete pa iye kuchokera wreckage lapansi.

pamwamba

Phobos ndi Deimos - nthambi, yokutidwa ndi kuda yokambirana ndi meteorites. Onse lili pamwamba zimaphala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. The lalikulu la iwo lili Phobos. M'mimba mwake wa Chigwa - 10 Km, kuyerekeza kukula kwa Kanema wa - 27 mpaka 21 Km. Kuwomba, amene anasiya njira ngati ungachititse ku chiwonongeko chotheratu cha thupi dziko.

Phobos 'pamwamba lili ndi chinthu chinanso chimene chimasiyanitsa izo kwa "m'bale". Iwo pafupifupi ikufanana kwa mzere m'lifupi ndi mamita mazana angapo, agwilitse linali lalikulu. anachokera akhala chinsinsi. Malinga ndi mfundo za asayansi, iwo akhoza kukhala zotsatira za kuukira wamphamvu kapena chifukwa cha chikoka yokoka ya Mars.

"Horror"

Deimos ali ndi kukula kwa 15 ndi 12 makilomita ndipo mozungulira kumidzi kuposa Phobos, kanjira: mtunda lonse lapansi - za 23,5 zikwi makilomita. Kukwera wina mozungulira Mars "Mantha" amapanga maola 30 ndi mphindi 18, omwe ndi pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwa tsiku pa dziko, ndi maulendo anayi pang'onopang'ono kuposa kayendedwe ka Phobos. Iye mwazunguliza dziko kumatenga maola 7 ndi mphindi 39.

Deimos mosiyana "m'bale" wake sinditi kugwa. Ena amanena kuti mwina tsogolo la "zoopsa" - kugonjetsa ayambe Mars ndi kuuluka mu mlengalenga.

kapangidwe

Kwa nthawi yaitali unakhalabe bwinobwino zimene zili Deimos ndi Phobos mkati. Asayansi tadziwa kwa kachulukidwe diso loipa otsika matupi awa, masamu mu ndondomeko ya kuzipenya Earth. Mogwirizana ndi deta izi panali maganizo kwambiri wosangalatsa zimene akutsutsa ayende Mars. Phobos ndi Deimos mu malingaliro ena m'gulu yokumba makina dzenje anayamba akale mwina chitukuko cha dziko lina.

Ataphunzira kafukufuku spacecraft ndi, chinapezeka kuti "Maapatimenti" wa Mars ndi zambiri zofanana asteroids, mwachitsanzo zinthu zachilengedwe. Iwo inaŵerengeredwa kachulukidwe wa thunthu pa makina - 2 g / masentimita ^3. A chithunzi ofanana opezeka mu ena meteorites. Today otsika kachulukidwe Mars makina anafotokoza zizindikiro zawo structural: Phobos ndi Deymos mwina zigwirizana thanthwe osakaniza wolemera mu mpweya ndi ayezi. Komanso, zithunzi spacecraft amati pamwamba pafupi ndi chinthu Mars mita fumbi, yemweyo regolith mwezi.

"Zokoma" Red Planet akadali amasunga kwambiri zinsinsi, choncho pakati zakuthambo mowirikiza akupangidwa ntchito ndege ake. Chidwi chachikulu yekha Mars. Ena ntchito, amaona ngati wakonzekera kuti terraforming kapena malo oyenera kupanga zinthu zina. Komanso anthu m'madera asayansi ndithu kwambiri takambirana koyamba chiyembekezo wosangalatsa kuwayika zapansi kafukufuku woyamba pa mwezi ndipo kenako Mars. Komanso, kuphunzira zinthu zimenezi nthawi zonse kubweretsa mfundo osati za iwowo komanso za dongosolo dzuwa, mapangidwe ake ndi zochita zake. Ndipo ngakhale chilengedwe wonse.