Satellite la Mars - mantha?

Mars, mulungu lili ndi dzina la nkhondo, ali ndi nthambi ndi dzina labwino: Deimos (yomasulira - "mantha") ndi Phobos ( "mantha"). Chidwi kwambiri ndi ilili loyamba la Mars, asayansi ali ndi chidwi 70 m Mu zaka zapitazo. Mfundo atapereka za chiyambi cha mtanda, oyenera, osachepera, buku waukulu "La zopeka"). Nokha ...

Space mabwalo mu US ndi Soviet Union amanena kuti Phobos, Kanema wa Mars, ndi kanthu koposa monga yokumba chinthu, danga siteshoni nkhondo, zikuuluka pa akufa wofiira dziko, monga chikumbutso lowopsya la kamodzi chinachitika danga nkhondo.

malingaliro anaikidwa patsogolo pambuyo maphunziro loyamba Phobos pa nthawi yomweyo, mu 70 American wagawo kafukufuku pansi pa dzina "Viking". Pa zithunzi analandira chidwi palibe mmodzi anapereka. Poyamba sindinkafuna kulipira ... Kodi chidwi akhoza azipereka chigawo mtanda awiri okha 28 Km? Malinga mfundo gallakticheskim Kanema uyu wa Mars anali chabe masauzande a njere ya mchenga. Koma pambuyo pa phunziro mwatsatanetsatane mbali lotseguka, chimene chinapangitsa kuti anadabwa pakati pa anthu asayansi. Chepetsani Zithunzi kusamvana analola kuganizira ... unyolo zimaphala. Komanso, unyolo anatambasula mu bwino, mizere iwiri molunjika. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zimachitika woyamba ntchitoyi chiphala, kutchula chitsanzo cha mwezi. Makina, malinga ndi malingaliro awo, zimaphala mizere kuwonjezera zili m'njira yomweyi ya mapulaneti. Koma Phobos mfundo anatsutsa m'mbali, kudzera zimaphala ake zili pafupifupi perpendicular kwa ndege njira ya mwezi wa.

matchalitchi wosangalatsa m'malo ndi wina. Choyamba anaganiza kuti ilili n'zotheka chiphala ntchito, koma izi n'zokayikitsa: Phobos zamitundu ndi negligible! Ndiye iwo anapanga kopanda zotsatirazi: Kanema anali amakhala ndi meteorites. Koma kukopedwa ndi mphamvu iwo anali kugwa kotero bwino, n'kupanga rovnenkie unyolo?

Satellite la Mars nakokera chidwi cha Iosifa Shklovskogo, Soviet Katswiri, amene wadzipereka kugwira kuwerengetsera wa Phobos apaulendo. Zinali mothamanga, liwiro ichi tsiku - zitatu motsatana zonse mu kanjira kake! kasinthasintha liwiro lake anali apamwamba kuposa mlingo wa Mars. The kopanda izi sizinali zochepa wosangalatsa: kukhalabe liwilo Phobos ... akhale dzenje. Kodi kwenikweni kunali siteshoni danga?

Kale kumapeto kwa 90s, ndi kungolota izi wagawanika ndipo Air Force msilikali Marina Popovich. Khulupirirani kuti Phobos - yokumba Kanema, iye anakakamizika yomweyo wachinsinsi kafukufuku chipangizo "Phobos-2" Kukhala mbali Soviet Union. Kuwona deta izi zinali zovuta kwambiri - kulankhulana anathandiza mwamuna wake Paulo.

Tsopano anthu ochepa kukumbukira Launch zipangizo awiri ndi mayina ofanana "Phobos-1" analogi "Phobos-2". Woyamba sanali popita ku Mars chifukwa cha ngozi, pamene wachiwiri anafika cholinga, koma kutsogolo kwa rapprochement ndi kugwirizana ilili mwadzidzidzi linasokonekera. Komabe, zithunzi ochepa kuti onse anatha. chithunzi chimodzi chinali onse ofalitsa ndi linakhala cholowa wamba. Zinali kuoneka bwino elliptical mthunzi kuponyedwa pa pamwamba pa Mars. Pali kopanda kuti anali kwambiri Phobos, Mars Kanema. Koma mawu akuti "mthunzi" anachititsa akatswiri ena amakayikira kumwetulira, chifukwa mthunzi anali mwangwiro distinguishable ndi ndi kamera infuraredi ili mu chipangizo. Iwo choikidwacho kugwila pamaso pa zinthu matenthedwe. Koma, ndi tanthauzo, mthunzi ofunda chabe sangakhale. Ndiye iwo unali chiyani?

Koma wachiwiri (chinsinsi) fano chinapezeka asanalankhule imfa kugwirizana. Icho chinali chithunzi cha chimphona cylindrical chinthu ikulendewera padziko Phobos. Makulidwe anali kwenikweni mantha: 1.5 makilomita awiri ndi 20 Km yaitali! Marina Popovich ndinaganiza zimene chinthu anawonongedwa, "Phobos-2", kuteteza kuthekera kwa maphunziro Kanema. Izo zinachitika pa nthawi imene makina anali bwererani gauges padziko Phobos.

chitsimikiziro wina chakuti munthu mosalekeza zina ndi kuphunzira, izo zinali mu 1993. Pa zifukwa zina, pa August 22 chaka chomwecho, mwadzidzidzi idaleka wailesi pa ena, American zida "Mars Observer" yomwe inali mu kanjira wa dziko Mars. Makina sizinachitike kuphunzira.

Iwo inatha mu kulephera, ndipo pofuna chaka chatha kukhazikitsa "Phobos-Mwachitsanzo".

Mwina mtanda anaikidwa pa nthawi yofufuza. Koma pali chiyembekezo cha otsika bajeti NASA a "Mars Global yoyeza" ndi "Mars Atfaynder" amene amapanga mapu mwatsatanetsatane Mars. Komabe, iwo anayamba kuphunzira Phobos. Kodi icho? Zikhulupiriro? Kapena United States ali zomwe akukakamiza sapanga kafukufuku?

Pali Mabaibulo ena za chiyambi cha makina: Phobos ndi Deimos zikhoza kukhala zotsatira za ngozi dziko. Asteroids mwanjira anagwera mu kanjira wa Mars ndipo anakhalabe mu munda yokoka. Kapena, mwinamwake, Phobos ndi gawo la Mars? Koma kutenga osachepera amodzi atsopano mabaibulo, m'pofunika kuchotsa Mabaibulo onse wakale deta ndi ...