Cologne: History ndi Today

Mu onunkhiritsa m'malo zovuta nkhani - izo anatulukira Italy Giovanni Maria Farina, iye anapangidwa mu mzinda German wa Cologne, monga amatchedwa French. Koma mafotokozedwe pakuti uli. Iwo likukhalira kuti Giovanni Maria Farina unyamata wake anapita ku mayiko ena pofunafuna chimwemwe ndi chifuniro cha tsoka anali mu Cologne, kumene anakhala wamalonda mu shopu. Mwazina, katundu mu shopu anali wodzichepetsa ndi mizimu, amene chinachititsa Farina kulenga latsopano zikuchokera "madzi onunkhira", umene anautcha "Cologne madzi," ulemu kwa mzinda, ndipo izo zinali mu 1709.

Choyamba, za mankhwala atsopano kudziwika yekha ndi anthu a Cologne, koma mu 1756 Zisanu Zaka nkhondo ndi asilikali French kudutsa m'mudzi, anagula madzi mu chiwiya mu Europe. Munthu amene anali mu mawu a asilikali, koma amene anakonda ukhondo, onunkhiritsa anali othandiza kwambiri. Asilikali French anatulukira ili taphunzira ndi ophunzira ena nkhondo - British, asilikali a Sweden, mphemvu, Russian ... Choncho, chifukwa cha French, "Cologne madzi 'anadzigulitsa mu Europe ndiyeno lonse. Cologne kutchulidwa French "njuchi". Mu Russian, mawu akuti "njuchi" anali woyamba chosalimba.

The onunkhiritsa choyamba, amene anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, anali m'malo njira zaukhondo, ngakhale mankhwala, osati zokongoletsa. Ambiri ntchito mankhwala impregnated onunkhiritsa shuga kupopera mankhwala m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, izo linakhulupirira madzi osamba ndi vinyo. Ngakhale malangizo Amawapatsa kwa botolo la onunkhiritsa, amene analimbikitsa achinyamata kupasuka ndi madzi kapena vinyo, makumi awiri kapena madontho makumi atatu onunkhiritsa, ndi okalamba - kuti madontho makumi asanu ndi kutenga mutu ndi palpitations.

A onunkhiritsa mwanaalirenji, omwe anakhala admixed ndi zolemba zamaluwa, si mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri. "Cologne Water" anapanga popanga mafutawa zisinthe weniweni. Chinsinsi mfundo Jean-Marie Farina anapangidwa kuchokera mowa mphesa ndi Kuwonjezera ya malalanje, citron, rosemary, Malabar cardamom ndi lalanje, iye yaitali chinsinsi, ndi kudzipereka pansi. Koma mafakitale pang'onopang'ono ena kukhazikitsa ulimi wa onunkhiritsa pamaziko a mphesa mowa ndi mafuta n'kofunika. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ku Iguputo wamkazi farao Hatshepsut ntchito madzi, zimene zinaphatikizapo ya malalanje, lubani ndi mowa.

Mu Russia, kuŵeta onunkhiritsa anayamba m'nyengo Soviet. Ngakhale alibe amasamala za mwambo wa sayansi yopanga onunkhiritsa, koma amuna Soviet mofunitsitsa ntchito ndi zopangidwa zoweta onunkhiritsa. Chotero zopangidwa lodziwika bwino monga chypre onunkhiritsa, patatu kapena onunkhiritsa dix, kupezeka zoweta mafutawo kutali.

Patatu onunkhiritsa, umene unayamba ndi Russian kupanga popanga mafutawa anaima pa nthawi iliyonse shopu wometa pa tebulo pafupi ndi bedi ndi nduna mankhwala mu banja lililonse. Fungo la zinali pang'ono ankhanza, ena achinyamata okhaokha. Cologne madzi anakhala Zikavutitsitsa ankangomwa de A zikomo onunkhiritsa kuti Napoleon, amene 1810 analamula asilikali kukhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chitetezo patatu. Izo zimayenera kukhala ndi zotsatira achire ndi ukhondo, komanso wabwino wotsitsimula. Ndipo chida ichi kupangidwa - anali onunkhiritsa patatu kuti zaka zana pambuyo pa chionetsero mu Paris, alandira Grand Prix.

onunkhiritsa ena otchuka opangidwa ndi zonunkhira zoweta, wotchedwa katchulidwe consonant wa Baibulo French dzina la chilumba cha Cyprus. Malinga ndi nthano, ndiAmene wa "Shipra" anapita pachilumbachi ndipo anasangalala ndi fungo la zomera zosowa kukula kumeneko, makamaka wa sandalwood. Anaganiza immortalize oonetsera awa ali mu onunkhiritsa, lomwe nthawi yomweyo anakhala mbali ya onunkhiritsa gulu "Owonjezera" - umenewu malinga GOST 1971.