College US electors Pulezident

The demokalase dziko kwambiri dziko (USA) analenga munthu poyela chachilendo kwambiri. Chimasiyanitsa izo zina Electoral College. Mu boma iliyonse ya dziko salinso mtsogoleri wa dongosolo masankho, yomwe ikuchitika mu magawo awiri. Ngati ife kukumbukira kuti United States Ndipotu, ndi Union, ndi Electoral College - chodabwitsa wosatsutsana ndi zanzeru. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa chilichonse.

The mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa Electoral College

Ife zambiri kuiwala mfundo kuti US - mgwirizano wa limati, omwe zoona, boma osiyana. Iwo ndi malamulo awo, nthawi zina zosiyana kwambiri Chrixitu. Pamene anali ntchito ya Constitution US, maganizo kwambiri anayambitsa ndondomeko ya Chisankho cha pulezidenti wa gulu. Ena anaganiza kuti tiyenera kuyesetsa ndi othandiza mwachindunji konsekonse, ndi khamu kukangana iwo vuto ili mu Congress. NdiAmene ya malamulo mu 1878, anapeza kukondera chilinganizo. Iwo chilengedwe cha thupi wapadera akufuna anaitcha "ndi koleji visola." Aliyense boma wakhala mwayi zimakhudza chisankho cha Pulezidenti. chakuti United States zigwirizana osiyana kukula ndi anthu, "mayiko". Mu voti mwachindunji ndi mwayi bwino inati iwo amene ali kunyumba kwa nzika zambiri. Kulibe kumene anthu, ambiri, mu nkhani iyi sikumangotikhudza kusankha mutu wa boma. Ndipo izi amaona kuti sichoyenera. Ndiyo College Electoral lakonzedwa mwakufuna mwayi wa anthu aliyense limati kumveka. Tsopano maganizo a nzika iliyonse ndi n'komwe mu mtima wa pulezidenti.

ndi electors ndi ndani?

Pakuti Pulezidenti kusankha ofuna awiri maphwando waukulu. Aliyense boma ntchito za mabungwe andale kupanga mndandanda wa anthu amene akuimira maphunziro onse chisankhocho ambiri. The electors amasankhidwa kanjedza anthu otchuka ndi amalonda. Nthawi zambiri chipani monga mu mndandanda wake wa anthu amene amayandikira kwa phungu. Pa nthawi ya mavoti otchuka, pali mndandanda awiri ndi electors. Ufulu ndi boma adzalandira pambuyo pabvomelezo la Kazembe wa mndandanda. Hamani sadzalandira chizindikiro mwa maganizodwe a chipani amene wakonzekera anapambana mavoti otchuka. Ngati anakoka patsogolo munthu kupikisana palokha pulezidenti, mndandanda aumbike m'njira zolamulidzwazo potsata mwambo wa boma. Mwa njira, yosaloledwa ofuna kwa electors wapadera ayi. M'pofunika ndi pasipoti kwa nzika US, kukhala okhulupirika kwa chipani chimodzi kapena chimzake.

Chifaniziro cha limati mu gulu

chiwerengero cha electors ku mbali iliyonse ya United States ndi chifaniziro ofanana Congress. Zimenezi, anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe boma. Mwachitsanzo, California ndi malo ambiri waukulu. Kuchokera ku gulu zigwirizana anthu makumi asanu, monga mmene amasankhidwa kuti Congress. Nawonso US awiri chipani yamalamulo. Mu Senate, aliyense boma ndi malo awiri ndi Nyumba ya oimira ku California ndi makumi asanu ndi zitatu. chiwerengero cha anthu ochokera boma mu gawo ili la Congress anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi anthu. Choncho, koleji masankho - thupi wapadera kukhazikitsa kudziwa pulezidenti US kwa nthawi yotsatira. Anthu m'gulu kapangidwe kake, ntchito tsiku limodzi. ntchito yawo salipidwa mwalamulo. Party chimasonyeza kulimbikitsa owayimilira.

pulezidenti Electoral College US: malamulo

Pa limati kukavota anthu kudziwa wakonzekera kuti udindo waukulu mu dziko. Koma yokhala anapambana nthawi imeneyi munthuyo sakudziwika pulezidenti. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ankamenyana Hillary Clinton ndi Donald Lipenga. The Electoral College akhoza kuletsa voti ya anthu zotsatira, theoretically. Othandiza khama Democratic kucitika kwa misa izi. chakuti lamulo electors kuchita chifuniro cha anthu, kulibe. Iwo adzalandira lamulo ndi boma, voti ena, koma maganizo kulikonse. precedents moteromo m'mbiri ya dziko la Komabe, zotsatira za chisankho omwe si bwanji. Anthu Kuvota pa bolodi kotsutsana ndi anthu amatchedwa "electors kuponderezedwa." Mwachitsanzo, mu 2000, nthumwi ya District ya Columbia zapita pepala losalembedwapo, koma anayenera kulowa Al nyanga. Mayiko onse, kupatula Maine ndi Nebraska, mavoti electors zonse zinaperekedwa kwa phungu kuwina. Izi mabungwe Kupititsa azipereke yolingana ndi zotsatira za chifuniro cha anthu.

Electoral College US: ndondomeko kukavota

Thupi kwambiri za msonkhano umachitika pa tsiku makumi loyamba pamene Lolemba choyamba mu November, pamene mavoti otchuka umachitika. The Electoral College sinditi pamodzi. Aliyense boma bungwe la kukavota wa owayimilira payokha. Zotsatira nthawiyomweyo aliwerenge. College of Electors Kuvota ndi molemekeza chinsinsi. Aliyense thupi nthumwi adzakhala kupereka lembani mapepala voti awiri, iwo ali oyenera mayina a ofuna pulezidenti ndi wachiwiri wake. Kupambana ambiri kumodzi, tsopano ayenera mphambu oposa 270. Pa voti akutsatiridwa ndi dziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, mu okhudza za boma la Electoral Board (2016) ntchito mu zinthu zovuta. Kuti oimira States amapereka nzika wamba kuthamanga, osafuna kuvomereza chigonjetso cha Donald Lipenga. Iwo amatchedwa, anatumiza makalata pachiswe. Komabe, "chinyengo masankho" anali oposa Hillary Clinton, kuti anthu anadabwa. Isanafike gulu msonkhano wa maumboni a kuthamanga pa ziwalo zake mbali ina (Lipenga mafani) zalembedwa.

Chilango yakuba

Electors adzakhala anaika ndodo pamaso pake, ndipo anthu amenewa udindo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mphamvu za ikuchitika yomweyo pambuyo voti. Kutenga voti kuwerenga ndi kuona momwe ntchito oimira osankhidwa a anthu. Limati 28 ndipo District ya Columbia, anatengera lamulo umene chinyengo masankho chindapusa ndi kupusa kuchuluka wofanana madola chikwi. M'madera ena a US palibe chilango si anapereka. Mwa njira, mfundo za tanthauzo la malamulo amenewa komanso si lokhazikika. Ndipotu electors ndi mwayi kuvota nokha, popanda kuika chilichonse.

Nthawi yapadera

Malamulo ayenera kuganizira kuti mukupatsidwa bolodi simungathe kudziwa pulezidenti. Izi zimachitika pamene ofuna kulandira nambalayi wa mavoti. Izi zinachitika mu 1800. Pakuti mpando wa mtsogoleri wa mphamvu tikumenyana Thomas Jefferson ndi Aroni Burr. Kodi US chisankho cha Pulezident otsiriza, koleji masankho linagawanika chimodzimodzi mu theka, palibe ofuna analandira ambiri. Zikatero, nkhani kunditumiza ku Nyumba ya oimira. thupi ili wasankha voti, amene kupereka pulezidenti zaka zinayi. Nyumba ya oimira nawo chisankho cha Pulezident ndi dziko mu 1824. Pakuti armchair kumenyana ofuna anayi. Palibe analephera kupambana ambiri Electoral College. Ndinali kugwira ntchito Nyumba ya oimira. Iye anakhala pulezidenti Dzhon Kuinsi Adams. N'zochititsa chidwi, malinga ndi zotsatira za chifuniro anthu, zinali zosakwana mavoti okwana.

Kutsutsa dongosolo

The US wakhala kukambirana kumayambiriro mwachindunji Pulezidenti. The mkangano Poyamba ankaona mbiriyakale kuti atsimikiza za kupanda chilungamo dongosolo. Choncho, mu 1876 voti ya koleji masankho mu United States zinachititsa kuti chisankho cha Rutherford Hayes. Komabe, mdani wake mu njira ya chifuniro cha anthu anapambana mavoti kwambiri. Likukhalira, nzika maganizo sanatengedwe nkhani pa siteji yachiwiri ya masankho. Nkhani yachiwiri m'masiku athu ano. Monga TV American kuti Hillary Clinton mu 2016 mothandizidwa ndi miyandamiyanda kuposa mdani wake ku Republican. Koma pulezidenti wa cadence lotsatira anasankha Donald Lipenga. Tsatane awiri ndondomeko ya adzakhala m'malo kudzudzulidwa mwakhama anthu a. Kwa America, nkofunika kuti nzika iliyonse anamvedwa ndi Electoral College silikuchirikiza Kuyanjana pakathi pa ufulu limati '. Choncho, kulibe anthu ambiri m'madera ndi zofunika kwambiri kuposa agglomerations chachikulu m'tawuni, ngati ndi chizindikiro chomwecho. Komanso, ofuna kusintha kampeni zawo pansi dongosolo lino. Akakamizidwa kulimbikira mu "mosinthasintha" limati, popeza pali mwayi kuti mavoti ndi apamwamba kuposa mu mabungwe Kupititsa amene kale kuthandiza aliyense chipani chimodzi.

mavutowo

The US chisankho cha Pulezident watha zinasonyeza kuti anthu a m'dzikolo ali linagawanika. Ofuna waukulu anachita ndi kulimbana wotsimikizika ndi mfundo zimene zimasiyana kwambiri ndi m'mbuyomu. Lipenga anathandiza anthu kutsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino, chifukwa Clinton anakuvoterani ndi nzika aufulu-apamwamba. The peculiarity wa ntchito imeneyi analinso kulephera kwa osankhika Republican kuthandiza phungu awo. dongosolo awiri chipani waonetsa mavutowo. Guide Democrat ndi ma Republican kuti amasonkhana momuzungulira Clinton, koma anataya anthu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu American sakutero zambiri chidwi akuwonetseredwa mu ndale nawo mbali mu kampeni lomaliza. Ndipo zilakolako za posachedwa kwambiri kukhadzikika, kotero chachikulu kusiyana ofuna. ofufuza Political kunena mu Zikatero, pa vuto la dongosolo, ndi momwe izo kwenikweni - ife tiwona. Zabwino zonse!