Chosokonekera masamu ndi chiyani? Tanthauzo ndi Zitsanzo

Kumvetsa zimene chosokonekera mu masamu, m'pofunika kupitiriza kuphunzira nkhani zikuluzikulu ndi zapamwamba cha masamu ameneŵa, Masamu. Nkofunika kuti kamvedwe ka chikukoka, zomangamanga, malamulo zithunzi yomanga. Ngakhale kugwirizana ndi sayansi kwambiri enieni - masamu, chosokonekera n'kofunika zisudzo, akatswiri a zojambulajambula, ndiAmene, ndi amene tikugwira ntchito kafukufuku, ndi mmunda uliwonse.

zambiri

Osati masamu kokha, komanso sayansi ndi makamaka chifukwa cha mfundo chosokonekera. Komanso, opezeka mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi wina wa chikhalidwe yaikulu ya chilengedwe chathu. Kusanthula chiyani chosokonekera mu masamu, m'pofunika kutchula kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya zodabwitsazi. Kulankhula za mungachite izi:

• Amgwirizano, ndiye monga galasi chosokonekera. zodabwitsazi mu chilengedwe sayansi ankatchedwa "amgwirizano".
• Al-oveteredwa maziko. Kwa lingaliro ili chodabwitsa kiyi - mosinthanasinthana ngodya masamu magawano madigiri 360 pa mtengo anakonzeratu. Komanso, chisanadze kumatanthauza olamulira za amene kasinthasintha amapezeka.
• Padialnaya pamene chosokonekera chodabwitsa anati ngati tikudzipereka amangosankha madzulowo ena mwachisawawa waukulu njingayo. Olamulira amadziwikanso anasankha mwa njila palokha. Kufotokoza zodabwitsazi ntchito CHONCHO gulu (2).
• Ozungulira. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula atatu miyeso, mmene chinthu ndi zimayenda, kusankha kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino umasinthasintha. Kuonetsetsa nkhani yeniyeni isotropic, pamene chodabwitsa amakhala m'dera malo achilendo kapena malo.
• Rotational, kaphatikizidwe awiri magulu kale anafotokoza.
• Lorentz invariativnaya pamene pali umasinthasintha kasinthasintha. Mtundu wa chosokonekera ndi maganizo kiyi amasandulika "Minkowski danga nthawi."
• Super wofotokozedwa kukhala m'malo a bosons, fermions.
• Apamwamba omwe munapeza mu kusanthula gulu.
• Kugwa, pamene pali kusintha kwa malo, kwa amene asayansi kudziwa malangizo, mtunda. Pamaziko a deta analandira kuchititsa kusanthula poyerekeza kuti awulule chosokonekera.
• Calibration anamuona pa nkhani ya chiphunzitso n'zotsimikizira ufulu mu kusinthika kake. Apa, mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa chiphunzitso cha minda, kuphatikizapo kuganizira Yang-Mills malingaliro.
• Kaini, a kalasi ya masanjidwe elekitironi. Kuti amenewa chosokonekera, masamu (kalasi 6) alibe lingaliro, chifukwa ndi sayansi Wapamwamba. chodabwitsa The chifukwa cha pafupipafupi sekondale. Iwo anapeza pa kafukufuku E. Biron. Terminology C. Shchukarev anayambitsa.

galasi

Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa ophunzira sukulu pafupifupi nthawi zonse kuti achite ntchito "chosokonekera otizungulira" (masamu ntchito). Monga ulamuliro, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mu chimodzi kalasi kusukulu ndi pulogalamu ambiri a nkhani kuphunzitsa. Kuthana ndi polojekiti, muyenera kukhala bwino ndi ganizo la chosokonekera, makamaka kudziwa zimene ndi mtundu galasi monga mmodzi wa zazikulu ndipo ambiri mwana-wochezeka.

Kudziwa zinthu chosokonekera ankaona yeniyeni mawonekedwe zojambula, ndipo ndege amusankha. Pamene anthu kulankhula za chosokonekera wa chinthu? Choyamba, anasankha mfundoyo, ndipo kenako zikugwirizananso ndi izo. Pakati pa awiriwo amathera gawo ndi kuwerengera mbali pa zomwe kale anasankha ndege chitadutsa.

Kusanthula chiyani chosokonekera mu masamu, kumbukirani kuti wasankhidwa kudziwika zodabwitsazi adzakhala anatchula ndege ndi chosokonekera ndege ndi china chirichonse. Unachitikira gawo ayenera intersect pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino. Mtunda ku mfundo ndi ndege, ndi kwa mfundo ndi gawo lachiwiri ayenera kukhala ofanana.

mokoma

Kodi angakhale chidwi kudziwa, ndiyesa chodabwitsa chosokonekera? Masamu (kalasi 6) limatiuza kuti manambalawo awiri amaonedwa moyenera osati ofanana ndi mnzake. Lingaliro la kufanana alipo m'lingaliro yopapatiza ndi yotakata. Choncho, zinthu symmetrical mu yopapatiza - osati chinthu chomwecho.

ndi chitsanzo cha moyo kungachititse kuti chiyani? Elemetarny! Kodi mukuganiza za magolovesi wathu, magalavu? Tonsefe ndife ntchito kuvala iwo, ndipo ife tikudziwa kuti sitingathe kutaya, chifukwa munthu wachiwiri awiri si kukatenga, ndiyeno kugula onse kachiwiri. Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa mankhwala wophatikizidwa, ngakhale symmetrical, koma cholinga cha dzanja lamanzere ndi lamanja. Izi - Chitsanzo cha galasi chosokonekera. Pankhani azimai maofesi amenewa kuzindikira "kalilole ndiponso ofanana."

Nanga bwanji pakati?

Akuti chosokonekera chapakati kuyamba ndi kumasulira katundu wa thupi, mu ubale umene m'pofunika kupenda chodabwitsa lapansi. Kuti iyo symmetrical, mfundo oyamba kusankhidwa, chapakatikati. Kenako anasankha mfundo (tiyeni kuzitcha izo A) ndi kufunafuna awiri (conventionally amaimira E) kwa izo.

Mu kudziŵa chosokonekera mfundo A ndi E ali cholukanalukana ndi mzere woongoka, chidwi mfundo za lolamulila. Kenako, kuyeza mzere chifukwa. Ngati mzere mfundo A ku likulu la chinthu chofanana ndi imeneyi kulekanitsa pakati pa mfundo E, tikhoza kunena kuti pakati chosokonekera wapezeka. The chosokonekera chapakati mu masamu - imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika zimene amalola kukhala zina chiphunzitso cha Masamu.

Ndipo ngati inu atembenuza?

Kusanthula chiyani chosokonekera mu masamu, munthu sangakhoze kuphonya chidwi ndi maganizo rotational subtype wa zodabwitsazi. Kuti timvetse mawu, kutenga thupi kukhala ndi mfundo yaikulu, ndi kutifotokozera inteja.

Pa zimenezo, thupi zimayenda ndi ngodya anakonzeratu wofanana ndi chifukwa cha kugawa madigiri 360 pa mtengo anasankha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kudziwa olamulira chosokonekera (2 kalasi, masamu pulogalamu sukulu). Izi olamulira - mzere kulumikiza mfundo ziwiri owerengeka. Pa kasinthasintha chosokonekera akhoza kunena, ngati pa ngodya asankha kasinthasintha wa thupi kukhala mu malo omwewo monga kale mwai wa.

Ngati kumene zachilengedwe nambala 2 anasankhidwa, napeza chodabwitsa chosokonekera kuti ofananira chosokonekera akufotokozera masamu. Izi ndi khalidwe angapo a kanjedza. Chitsanzo chabwino: kansalu.

Za zitsanzo zambiri

Mchitidwe zaka zambiri kuphunzitsa masamu ndi Masamu kusekondale akuwonetsa kuti njira zovuta kumvetsa chodabwitsa chosokonekera, kufotokoza ndi zitsanzo.

Choyamba, tiyeni tione ukulu wa. Pakuti thupi lotero nthawi yomweyo yodziwika ndi chodabwitsa chosokonekera:

• pakati;
• galasi;
• rotational.

Monga mfundo yaikulu kusankhidwa, ili chimodzimodzi pakati chithunzi. Kukatenga ndege chimafotokozera bwalo lalikulu, ndipo ankaoneka kuti "kudula" mu zigawo. Kodi masamu? Tembenuzani ndi chosokonekera chapakati pa nkhani ya mpira - mfundo zokhudzana ndi awiri a kanjedza ukhala olamulira pa chodabwitsa cha.

Chitsanzo china zoonekeratu - ndi zozungulira phirilo. Chooneka izi chibadidwe ofananira chosokonekera. Mu masamu ndi mamangidwe a zodabwitsazi ambiri ongolankhula ndi othandiza ntchito. Taonani: olamulira pa chodabwitsa cha machitidwe a phirilo olamulira.

Zimasonyezanso kuti ankaphunzira chodabwitsa prism. chithunzi Ichi ndi khalidwe galasi chosokonekera. Ndege kusankha "kudula", ikufanana ndi chiwerengero m'munsi, chosonyeza iwo fupipafupi. Kupanga zojambula, logwirizana, kamangidwe mapulani (masamu chosokonekera n'kofunika, osachepera sayansi yeniyeni ndi logwirizana), kukumbukira applicability yeniyeni ndi lothandiza kwambiri mu kukonzekera zinthu katundu mwankhanza wa zotsatira specular.

Ndipo ngati akalumikidzidwa zina zosangalatsa?

Kodi tikhoza kuuza Masamu (kalasi 6)? Chapakati chosokonekera si chinthu yosavuta kumva, ndipo ngati chibaluni. Ndi achilendo, ndipo zambiri zosangalatsa ndi zovuta mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ichi ndi parallelogram. Pakuti chinthu amakhala mfundo yaikulu ya uja amene anawoloka opendekera.

Koma tikawonetsetsa ndi kulingalira mozama trapezoid isosceles, adzakhala chithunzi ndi ofananira chosokonekera. Kupeza zikhoza kukhala choncho, ngati inu kusankha olamulira bwino. thupi ndi symmetrical za mzere perpendicular pansi ndipo popitapita izo ndendende pakati.

Chosokonekera mu masamu ndi zomangamanga ayenera kuganizira daimondi. chiwerengerochi N'zochititsa chidwi kuti imodzi Chili mitundu iwiri chosokonekera:

• centerline;
• chapakati.

Monga olamulira a opendekera ayenera kusankha chinthu. Pa mfundo kumene diagonals wa rhombus ndi intersect, ndi malo chosokonekera.

Za kukongola ndi chosokonekera

Ndimapanga ntchito masamu, ndi chosokonekera amene adzakhala mutu kiyi zambiri mu malo oyamba kumbukirani mawu anzeru a wasayansi wamkulu Weil: ". Chosokonekera - lingaliro limene kwa zaka kuyesa kuwamvetsetsa anthu wamba, chifukwa iye anali amene amalenga kukongola wangwiro mwa dongosolo lapadera"

Monga mukudziwa, zinthu zina amaoneka okongola kwambiri, pamene ena asamvetsere, ngakhale iwo alibe zolakwika zoonekeratu. Zachitikiranji zimenezi? Yankho la funso limeneli likusonyeza ubale wa zomangamanga ndi masamu mu chosokonekera, chifukwa zodabwitsazi ndipo maziko ziyenera a nkhani ngati azisangalala wokongola.

Mmodzi wa akazi okongola kwambiri pa dziko - ndi supermodel maburashi Tarlikton. Iye sankakayikira kuti bwino wabwera mu choyamba zikomo malo chodabwitsa lapadera: milomo yake ndi symmetrical.

Monga amadziwika, chikhalidwe ndi amamuchititsa chosokonekera, ndi sangafikire. Si Tinganene, koma yang'anani pa anthu owazungulira: mu nkhope anthu pafupifupi samapeza chosokonekera mtheradi, ngakhale n'zoonekeratu chikhumbo cha izo. Nkhope zambiri symmetrical wa interlocutor, kotero izo zikuwoneka bwino.

Kodi anali lingaliro chosokonekera za kukongola

Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti pa chosokonekera wa maganizo anthu a kukongola zochokera pamalo ake ndi zinthu mu izo. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu amayamba kumvetsa zimene zikuwoneka zabwino ndi amakankhira mosakondera.

The chosokonekera, kutalika - kuti zimenezi kumathandiza kuti zowoneka kuzindikira chinthu adziwe kuti ndithu. zinthu zonse, mbali ayenera kukhala anzeru ndi mwa kufanana chanzeru ndi mzake. Iwo kalekale apezeka kuti zinthu asymmetric ngati anthu anaiwononga. Zonse izi zogwirizana ndi mfundo yonena za "mogwirizana". Chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kuti munthu ndi wakale anamatetule yaitali sakumvetsa, aluso.

Chioneke pa manambalawo zojambula, ndipo chodabwitsa chosokonekera adzakhala zoonekeratu ndi zovuta kumvetsa. The chododometsa kwambiri mmene symmetrical mu madera ozungulira:

• miyala;
• maluwa ndi masamba a zomera;
• wophatikizidwa ziwalo akunja chibadidwe zamoyo.

The chododometsa anafotokoza ndi gwero la chibadwa. Ndipo apa pali chimene inu mukhoza kuwona ofananira, kuyang'ana kwambiri kwa zinthu za manja a anthu? Ndi noticeable kuti anthu zimangokhala za kulengedwa kwa munthu monga ngati kuyesera kupanga chinachake wokongola kapena zinchito (kapena onse ali ndi nthawi yomweyo):

• chito ndi zokongoletsera, otchuka kuyambira nthawi yakale;
• zinthu nyumbayi;
• zinthu yomanga ndinu;
• needlework.

About terminology

"Chosokonekera" - mawu adafika ku chinenero chathu kwa Agiriki akale amene poyamba ntchito kwa chidwi imeneyi chodabwitsa ndi kuyesa kufufuza izo. Mawu akuti akusonyeza pamaso pa dongosolo ndi zogwirizana kuphatikiza mbali ya chinthu. Translation la mawu akuti "chosokonekera", inu mukhoza kutenga monga ofananira:

• Kugwirizana;
• sameness;
• Kugwirizana.

Kuyambira kale ndi chosokonekera ndi mfundo zofunika za chitukuko cha anthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mafakitale. Anthu yakale nako kumvetsa wamba zodabwitsazi, makamaka polingalira kuti akutanthauza. Chosokonekera anayimira mogwirizana ndi bwino. Mu nthawi yathu, terminology ali kusukulu wamba. Mwachitsanzo, kodi olamulira chosokonekera (2 kalasi masamu) ana mphunzitsi nkhani kalasi ochiritsira.

Monga lingaliro la zodabwitsazi zambiri lonjezo koyamba malingaliro sayansi ndi ziphunzitso. Makamaka otchuka anali m'zaka yapita, pamene dziko lonse lolamuliridwa lingaliro la mogwirizana masamu chibadidwe dongosolo kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse. Connoisseurs a nthawi imeneyo ankakhulupirira kuti chosokonekera kumasonyeza mogwirizana Mulungu. Koma Greece wakale, nzeru ena amanena kuti chilengedwe chonse ndi symmetrical, ndipo izo zonse zochokera zopanda: ". The chosokonekera ali wangwiro"

Great Agiriki ndi chosokonekera

Chosokonekera zipolopolo maganizo a akatswiri otchuka Greece wakale. Kuti anapulumuka umboni kuti Plato otchedwa osiyana anamusilira zonse polyhedra. Mu maganizo ake, kanjedza ngati - mwa munthu miyambo ya dziko lathu. Pali gulu zotsatirazi:

mchitidwe	chithunzi
moto	Tetrahedron, chimake cha zolinga zake zimapikukira m'mwamba.
madzi	Icosahedron. Chisankho chiri chifukwa "katuchestyu" pabanjapo.
mpweya	Octahedron.
lapansi	Chinthu khola kwambiri, kuti ndi kyubu.
chilengedwe	Dodecahedron.

Makamaka chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi nthawi otchedwa zonse polyhedra Plato zolimba.

Koma terminology anakhazikitsa kale, ndipo palibe otsiriza ntchito za ziboliboli Polycleitus.

Pythagoras ndi chosokonekera

Pa moyo wa Pythagoras ndipo kenako, pamene ankaphunzitsa ankakumana nazo pachimake, chodabwitsa chosokonekera analephera apereke bwino. Izo zinali pamenepo pansi kusanthula sayansi ya chosokonekera, amene anapereka kufunika kwa angagwiritsire ntchito zotsatira.

Malinga mosiyana:

• Chosokonekera zachokera mfundo mofanana, pachilichonse ndi ofanana. Ngati kuphwanya mfundo ndi kumakhala kosavuta symmetrical chithunzi, pang'onopang'ono kusamukira ku kwathunthu asymmetric.
• Pali awiriawiri 10 yotsutsa. Malinga ndi ziphunzitso, ndi chosokonekera ndi chodabwitsa chimene kumachepetsa mu yunifolomu winawake ndipo potero kupanga chilengedwe wonse. Izi zopanda kwa zaka anali ndi mphamvu pa nambala ya sayansi yeniyeni komanso nzeru za anthu, komanso zachilengedwe.

Pythagoras ndi otsatira ake anali olekanitsidwa "thupi symmetrical kwathunthu," lomwe lili pa nambala monga kukhutiritsa zinthu:

• lililonse nkhope - polygon;
• mbali anapeza mu ngodya;
• chithunzi ayenera mbali ofanana ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino.

Zinali Pythagoras woyamba kuti munthu amene matupi pali asanu okha. Izi anapeza chachikulu chinali chiyambi cha Masamu ndi n'kofunika zomangamanga ano.

Ndipo mukufuna umboni chodabwitsa wokongola kwambiri chosokonekera? Kukakwera snowflake yozizira. Zachilendo koma zoona - ndi chidutswa ting'onoting'ono ayezi ukugwa kuchokera kumwamba kokha chovuta kwambiri galasi dongosolo, komanso mwangwiro symmetrical. Taonani mosamala: snowflake kwenikweni wokongola, ndi mizere yake chipangizo chidwi.