Chomwe izo ziri mu ubongo: kapangidwe

Anthu, ubongo mwina wina wa matupi ambiri enigmatic ndi zosamveka bwino. Choncho, limagwirira cha zochita maganizo, asayansi kukangana. Today tidzayesetsa bungwe apeza. Kuganiziranso zimene zili ubongo, kodi ntchito yake ndi chiyani ndi matenda ambiri a thupi.

angamulambirire

ubongo amateteza odalirika padziko chigaza lapansi. Izo zimatengera thupi oposa 90% ya malo. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kwa ubongo amuna ndi akazi osiyana. Pafupifupi magalamu 1375 wa oimira kugonana mphamvu magalamu 1275 - ofooka. Neonatal ubongo kulemera ndi 10% ya thupi lonse, ndipo akuluakulu - 2-2.5 yekha%. Kapangidwe thupi zikuphatikizapo hemispheres oziziritsa, tsinde ndi cerebellum.

Kodi ubongo? Science kupeza Ndime zotsatirazi wa thupilo:

• Front;
• kumbuyo;
• oblong;
• pafupifupi;
• wapakatikati.

Tikambirane zinthu zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane. Kuchokera chingwe msana zimachokera oblong. Pamafunikanso woyera olimba (njira conductive) ndi imvi (mitsempha phata). pons ili kuseri kwa icho. Izi wodzigudubuza wa ulusi yopingasa ya mitsempha ndi nkhani imvi. Apa pali mtsinje waukulu. Umayamba pa mfundo ili pamwamba medulla lapansi. Pang'onopang'ono, Akapita cerebellum tichipeza hemispheres awiri. Iye matanthauzo chikugwirizana ndi yaitali mlatho, midbrain ndi cerebellum.

Chigawo pakati lili awiri timabamputimabampu zithunzi ndi Makutu. Iwo kuchoka ulusi mitsempha kuti kulumikiza ubongo ndi msana. Pakati pa hemispheres oziziritsa noticeable kusiyana mwakuya mkati omwe - ndi corpus callosum. Izo zikugwirizana dipatimenti awiri akuluakulu. Chigawo yokutidwa ndi khungwa. Ndi apa kuti pali ntchito aluntha.

Kodi zambiri za ubongo? Iye ali zipolopolo zitatu:

1. Olimba - ndi pamwamba lamkati la periosteum, kumene ambiri a maselo ululu.
2. Arachnoid - ndi mosamala pafupi kotekisi, koma osati mwake meanders. Pakati ndi chipolopolo zovuta - serous madzimadzi. Kenako pakubwera msana kenako kotekisi yokha.
3. Zofewa - tichipeza dongosolo Mitsempha ndi minofu connective kupereka ubongo ndi pokhudzana ndi padziko lonse.

ntchito

ubongo njira zambiri, umene umabwera chifukwa aliyense wa zolandilira, kamayendetsa gululi ndipo chinkhoswe mu ndondomeko lingaliro. Aliyense m'madi- kupita ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, pa medulla oblongata inali malo mitsempha yomwe ntchito wabwinobwino wa asilikali oteteza reflex monga kutsokomola, kuphethira, sneezing ndi kusanza. Ndi udindo kupuma, kumeza malovu ndi timadziti muzituluka.

Pons amapereka kayendedwe ka eyeballs ndi minofu nkhope ntchito. The cerebellum asaaonerera kugwirizana ndi Mgwirizano kayendedwe. Ndipo midbrain ndi akuyendera ntchito zolimbana pankhani zovuta kumva ndi masomphenya. Zikomo ntchito yake, ana Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kukuza ndi mgwirizano. Kuti ndi zimatengera pa kamvekedwe ka minofu diso kwa izo. Mulinso malo mitsempha udindo lathu mu mlengalenga.

Koma chomwe izo ziri mu ubongo pakati? Kuonetsetsa ena a mafelemu:

• Thalamus. Limatchedwanso lophimba, monga apa kukonzedwa anapanga pamaziko a zomverera ululu, kutentha, minofu, ndi maselo ena Makutu. Kudzera likulu, kusintha boma la maso ndi tulo.
• Ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha. Iwo akulamulira kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi thermoregulation thupi. Ndi udindo boma maganizo, chifukwa apa pali chikoka pa dongosolo endocrine kutulutsa mahomoni kuti kupanikizika. Amasintha maganizo ludzu, njala ndi satiety, kusangalala ndi kugonana.
• The pituitary England. Apa amapangidwa ndi mahomoni pa unamwali ndi chitukuko ntchito.
• Epithalamus. Amakhala wa England pineal, lomwe ndi Lamulo kaimbidwe circadian, zipangitsa kugona wathanzi ndi ntchito bwinobwino masana, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Iye ali ndi mphamvu kunjenjemerako mafunde kuwala ngakhale bokosi Chigaza, Kupeleka Mwaichi wina kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Kodi ubongo?

The kuchisunga mfundo zonse za dziko ndi yaikulu ankachita anthu. Ndi udindo ntchito za miyendo yake yoyenera. Lamanzere akulamulira ntchito ziwalo kulankhula. Apa pali mawunikidwe, umboni maganizo , ndi kuwerengetsera zosiyanasiyana. Tsidya lino amaperekedwa polojekiti kumanzere miyendo.

Payokha, izo ziyenera kunenedwa za mabungwe monga ventricles ubongo. Iwo voids kuti Ng'ona ependyma. Iwo analengedwa ku ubongo chubu M'mimbamo mu mawonekedwe a thovu kuti timasintha mu ventricles ubongo. Ntchito yawo yaikulu - ndi kupanga ndi makope madzimadzi cerebrospinal. Ndime amapangidwa ndi awiriawiri lateral, wachitatu ndi wachinayi. Chigawo ogaŵikana 4 kumenyedwa: ndi mazunzo, wosakhalitsa, parietal ndi occipital.

mazunzo Lobe

Mbali imeneyi ndi monga kuyenda panyanja m'chombocho. Ndi udindo thupi la munthu amakhala woongoka. Pali anapanga ntchito ufulu kanthu ndi chidwi. Izo ndi ovuta ndi kudzidalira akhoza analenga. Mu kuyan'anila lalifupi zazing'ono zomwe zimachitika mu Lobe mazunzo, zikubweretsa anthu makhalidwe osayenera, zochita analikodi, maganizo ndi alili zosiyanasiyana maganizo. Khalidwe ukulamulidwa ndendende mu izo. Choncho, likulu ntchito kulamulira ili kuno chindiletsa zochita zosayenera ndipo sakonda. Tikamazunzidwa Lobe n'kofunika kuti kukula m'nzeru. Zikomo kuti mkaziyo anaphunzira luso zina, zingadzakuthandizeni adzathedwa automatism.

lobes zosatha

Apa - yaitali yosungirako kukumbukira. Mu kumanzere kudziunjikira maudindo yeniyeni, zinthu, zochitika ndi kulankhulana, ndi bwino - zithunzi zithunzi. lobes zosatha kuwazindikira. Pankhaniyi, mbali ya kumanzere deciphers tanthauzo la zimene zinanenedwa, ndi bwino - amalenga kumvetsa ndi, mogwirizana ndi izi, wotsanzira zojambula, kusonyeza maganizo ndi maganizo a ena.

lobes parietal

Zazindikirika ululu, ozizira kapena kutentha. Parietal Lobe imakhala mbali ziwiri: lamanzere ndi lamanja. Komanso zipinda ena a m'thupi, ali zimagwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, kumanzere synthesizes makombo, kulumikiza moti anthu amatha kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Apa sakumana ma aligorivimu ena kukwaniritsa chifukwa makamaka. Ufulu parietal Lobe otembenuka zonse zomwe amabwera kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndi kutitengera atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena chithunzi. Pali amaperekedwa kuloza okhudza malo anatsimikiza ndi mtunda ndi zina zotero.

mapeto Lobe

Iwo amaona kuti nkhani ya zithunzi. Ife tikuwona zinthu pozungulira irritants, kusonyeza kuunika kwa diso la diso. Kudzera chizindikiro kuwala atatembenuzidwa mudziwe mtundu, lamulo la zinthu. Pali zithunzi atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena.

matenda

N'zosavuta malo ambiri ndithu matenda. Pakati pa owopsa izi:

• kutupa;
• mavairasi;
• mtima matenda;
• matenda neurodegenerative.

Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane. Brain zotupa akhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo, monganso m'madera ena a thupi, mwina chosaopsa kapena zilonda. formations enawa chifukwa kulephera kugwira ntchito ubereki wabwino wa maselo. Control wathyoka. Ndipo iwo anayamba kuchulukana kwambiri. Mwa zizindikiro anafotokoza nseru, ululu, khunyu, imfa ya chikumbumtima, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi kusawona bwino.

Matenda tizilombo monga matenda ngati:

1. Encephalitis. Mu malingaliro a munthu ndi kukhumuditsidwa. Iye nthawizonse akuona tulo, pali chiopsezo kugwera chikomokere.
2. Atamwa matenda oumitsa khosi. Ndinamverera mutu. Mkulu kutentha thupi, kusanza ndi kufooka ambiri.
3. Encephalomyelitis. The chizungulire mtima, kusokoneza motility, kuchuluka kutentha, kusanza angagwe.

Mu chochitika cha nambala ya matenda ndi mwapang'ono zotengera za ubongo. Chikuchitika protrusion makoma, chiwonongeko ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha kukumbukira ichi kusokonezedwa, chizungulire, kumva ululu. makope ubongo osokonekera kuthamanga kwa magazi, chotupa cha aneurysm, m'mnyewa wamtima ndi zina zotero. Ndipo chifukwa matenda neurodegenerative monga matenda nyali, Huntington kapena Alzheimer kusokonezedwa kukumbukira wabwinobwino atayika, anamverera kugwedeza a nthambi, ululu, kupotokola ndi spasms zimachitika.

Pomaliza

Ichi ndi kapangidwe chinsisi cha thupi lathu. Amadziwika kuti munthu amagwiritsa chochepa za mwayi kuti akhoza anazindikira kudzera mu thupi ili. Mwina tsiku lina anthu adzatha kuulula angathe ali wamkulu kuposa izo ziriri lero. Padakali pano, asayansi akuyesetsa kuti mudziwe mmene timachitira ake zambiri zosangalatsa mfundo. Ngakhale, ndi njira, zimenezi komabe si bwino.