Chiyuda - Chiyuda ndi ... Kodi ndi zipembedzo zina? Mfundo yaikulu ya Chiyuda

Chiyuda - ndi imodzi mwa zipembedzo wamkulu mu dziko. Inakhalapo mu BC Ine atumwi ku Yudeya wakale. History zikhulupiriro n'zogwirizana ndi Ayuda ndi mbiri yake wolemera, komanso chitukuko cha dziko la fuko ndi miyoyo ya nthumwi zake kunja kwa Palestina a.

mtima

Amene amati chikhulupiriro, nkumadzitcha iwoeni Ayuda. Ena otsatira amanena kuti chipembedzo chawo unachokera mu masiku a Adamu ndi Hava Palestine. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Chiyuda - ndi chikhulupiriro ofotokoza yaing'ono gulu la wongosamukasamuka. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Abulahamu amene inachita pangano ndi Mulungu, kuti anali udindo wofunika kwambiri wa chipembedzo. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, chimene kudziwika kwa ife ngati malamulo, anthu anali akuyenera kutsatira malamulo a moyo achipembedzo. M'malo mwake, chitetezo okonzeka GD.

Magwero waukulu Studies Ayuda - Old Testament ndi Baibulo lonse. Chipembedzo anavomereza mitundu itatu ya mabuku: aneneri, mbiri ndi Torah - buku, otanthauzira chilamulo. A Talmud yopatulikayo, wopangidwa mwa mabuku awiri; Mishna ndi Gemara. Iye, poyamba, nthawi mbali zonse za moyo, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe abwino, chikhalidwe ndiponso chilamulo; lamulo boma ndi zigawenga. Kuwerenga Talmud - wopatulika ndi zofunika ntchito, zomwe amachita Ayuda okha saloledwa.

kusiyana

Mbali yaikulu ya chipembedzo ndi Mulungu mu Chiyuda alibe mawonekedwe. Kale zipembedzo zina kum'mawa Wamphamvuyonse zambiri akuonetsedwa kapena maonekedwe a munthu kapena m'chifanizo cha chirombo. Anthu ayesa cholakwa nkhani zachilengedwe ndi zauzimu, kuti iwo monga kumvetsa zivundi chabe. Koma Ayuda, kuwerenga Baibulo, ndipo anawatcha mafano, monga buku lalikulu la Ayuda limaletseratu servility pamaso pa zithunzi, ziboliboli kapena zithunzi.

Pamene Chikhristu, ndiye pali kusiyana ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, Mulungu Chiyuda analibe mwana wamwamuna. Khristu, iwo anakhulupirira iye anali munthu wamba chivundi, mlaliki wa makhalidwe abwino ndi mawu achipembedzo, mneneri wotsiriza. Chachiwiri, chipembedzo cha Ayuda ndi dziko. Kuti ndi nzika ya dziko basi amakhala Myuda, opanda ufulu kenako chipembedzo china. chipembedzo National mu nthawi yathu - ndi chidina. Only kalelo, zodabwitsazi zambiri. Masiku ano, adzalemekezedwa ndi Ayuda okha, pokhalabe chizindikiro ndi chizindikiro cha anthu.

aneneri

Mu Chiyuda, ndi munthu amene amanyamula kulemera kwa chifuniro cha Mulungu. Mothandizidwa ndi malamulo Wamphamvuyonse amaphunzitsa anthu: anthu panopa, kusintha miyoyo yawo ndi tsogolo, kukhala m'maganizo ndiponso mwauzimu. Ndani adzakhala mneneri, Mulungu wasankha yekha - Chiyuda ananenera. Chipembedzo sakulamulira kuti kusankha zingachitikenso pa imfa, zimene ziri mwamtheradi osati okonzeka kutenga paphewa ntchito zofunika. Iye anapereka chitsanzo cha Yona, yemwe anayesa ngakhale kuthawa m'mphepete mwa dziko ku ntchito yake yopatulika.

Kuwonjezera makhalidwe ndi aneneri mzimu komanso clairvoyant. Iwo ananeneratu za m'tsogolo, anapereka malangizo wapatali m'malo a Wamkulukulu, chithandizo cha matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo ngakhale anatenga gawo mu moyo ndale za dziko. Mwachitsanzo, Ahiya anali mlangizi wa Yerobowamu, woyambitsa wa ufumu wa Isiraeli, Elisha - chinathandiza kusintha kwa mafumu, Daniel - boma lolamuliridwa ndi mwini. Ziphunzitso za aneneri kale ali m'gulu la mabuku Tanakh kenako - chikalata nthawi zosiyana. Chidwi, koma alaliki, mosiyana ndi zipembedzo zina wakale mukukhulupirira mu Kubwera kwa "zaka golide", pamene mafuko onse adzakhala mu mtendere ndi chitukuko.

Mafunde Chiyuda

M'zaka yaitali linakhalapo, chipembedzo kakusintha masinthidwe ambiri ndi zosintha. Chifukwa, nthumwi zake anagawanika m'magulu awiri: Ayuda chikale ndi reformists. Woyera Choyamba kutsatira miyambo ya makolo awo ndipo si atchule zaluso mu zikhulupiriro zake ndi malamulo. Chachiwiri, m'malo mwake, analandira zochita owolowa manja. Reformists kuzindikira mabanja pakati pa Ayuda ndi nthumwi za zipembedzo zina, akazi okhaokha chikondi ndi ntchito akazi monga mphunzitsi wina. Orthodox Ayuda moyo makamaka mu gawo wamkulu wa Israel masiku ano. The reformists - mu US ndi Europe.

Pofuna kunyengerera pakati pa magulu awiriwa odana anakhala ndiwofatsa Chiyuda. Chipembedzo zinachititsa kuti mitsinje awiri, anapeza malo pakati pa kaphatikizidwe ichi cha luso ndi miyambo. Osafuna kusintha sadziwa kumayambiriro limba nyimbo ndi maulaliki a chinenero kunyumba dziko. M'malo mwake, miyambo ofunika ngati mdulidwe, Sabata ndi dzinthu Ruth, iwo simunandikhudze. Kulikonse mchitidwe Chiyuda mu Russia, ndi United States kapena ku Ulaya, Ayuda onse kusunga ufumu bwino, kumvera akulu udindo wauzimu.

malamulo

Iwo ali Ayuda - oyera. Oimira anthu akukhulupirira kuti m'zaka ambiri mazunzo ndi manyazi mtundu sanafe ndipo anapitiriza adzadziwire kudzera mwa kulemekeza malamulo ndi malamulo. Choncho, masiku awa simungathe kupita ndi iwo, ngakhale pa mtengo ndi moyo zake. N'zochititsa chidwi, koma mfundo ya "lamulo la dziko - lamulo" unakhazikitsidwa kumbuyo mu BC III atumwi. Malinga ndi iye, malamulo boma ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa anthu onse popanda yekha. Ayuda kukhala womvera kwa echelons apamwamba mphamvu, aziloledwa kufotokoza kusakhutira yekha kuti chipembedzo ndi banja moyo.

Compliance ndi Malamulo Khumi analandira ndi Mose paphiri la Sinai - akamanena za Chiyuda. Ndipo wamkulu - kusungidwa kwa phwando la Shabbat ( "Shabbat"). Lero wapadera, izo kwenikweni ayenera zoyenera kupuma ndi pemphero. Loweruka, sikutheka ntchito ndi kuyenda, ngakhale kuphika chakudya ndikoletsedwa. Ndipo anthu sanali njala, iwo akulamulidwa kugwira woyamba ndi maphunziro chachiwiri Lachisanu usiku - masiku ochepa kuti zimenezi zichitike.

Dziko ndi munthu

Chiyuda - chipembedzo ozikidwa pa nthanthi ya kulengedwa kwa Mulungu dziko. Malinga ndi iye, dziko analenga kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi, kuthera ntchito yofunika kwambiri imeneyi chifukwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Choncho, dziko ndi zonse zamoyo mmenemo - chilengedwe cha Mulungu. Monga munthu moyo wake zopezeka mfundo ziwiri: chabwino ndi choipa, ndiwo atasemphana zonse. Mdima chiwanda Anthufe izo zapadziko zosangalatsa, kuwala - kuchita ntchito zabwino ndi kukula mwauzimu. Nkhondoyi anayamba kusonyeza mu mawonekedwe a khalidwe payekha.

Monga tanenera kale, otsatira a Chiyuda mukukhulupirira osati pachiyambi kuti kuli dziko, koma mapeto kuti mtundu wa - "Golden nyengo". Woyambitsa adzakhala Mesiya King, Iyeyu ndi Mesiya, amene adzalamulire anthu mpaka mapeto a nthawi, ndipo mubwere naye bwino ndiponso ufulu. Mu m'badwo uliwonse pali akunyoza osiyanasiyana, koma mbadwa ya Davide, wakhala likunena kuti musunge malamulo, oyera mtima ndi moyo, zoyembekezeka kukhala zonse kunachitika Mesiya.

Banja ndi Banja

Iwo Ufumuyo Chofunika kwambiri. Munthu ayenera kukhala ndi banja, sanamwe imatengedwa mwano, ndipo ngakhale tchimo. Chiyuda - ndi kukhulupirira kulephera kwa ndilo chilango kwambiri zimene wachivundi. Munthu akhoza achotse mkazi wake ngati patapita zaka 10 za ukwati, iye anabereka mwana wake woyamba. cholowa achipembedzo lili m'banja, ngakhale mu nthawi ya masautso a Ayuda, mukachipinda ayenera kusunga miyambo ndi miyambo ya anthu ake.

Mwamuna ayenera kupereka mkazi wake ndi zonse muyenera: nyumba, chakudya, zovala. ntchito yake - kugula mwina ukapolo, kuikidwa m'manda, chisamaliro akudwala, kupereka n'zodalirika, ngati mkazi akhala wamasiye. N'chimodzimodzinso ana pamodzi: iwo analibe kanthu. Ana - kwa zaka ambiri, mwana wake wamkazi - mpaka chitomero. M'malo mwake, mwamuna, monga mutu wa banja kulandira ndalama ya theka lake chachiwiri, chuma chake ndi makhalidwe abwino. Iye akhoza adzalandira chikhalidwe mkazi wake ndi ntchito zotsatira za ntchito pa zofuna zawo. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, mkazi wamasiye ayenera kukwatira m'bale mkulu wa mwamuna wake, koma ngati banja ndi ana.

ana

Atate ali kwambiri ndi maudindo olandira lapansi. Mwana ayenera kupereka ovuta chikhulupiriro chimene amalalikira buku loyera. Chiyuda zachokera Torah, ndipo timagwiritsa mwana kuyang'aniridwa ndi kholo. Mnyamata komanso ndi thandizo la ambuye anasankha luso, mtsikana - kupeza malowolo wabwino. Makolo a Ayuda achinyamata wolemekezeka, kuchita malangizo awo ndi konse perechat iwo.

Mpaka zaka 5 ndisanakhalepo m'chipembedzo cha ana chinkhoswe mu mayi. Amaphunzitsa ana mapemphero zikuluzikulu ndi malamulo. Pambuyo amatumizidwa ku sukulu sunagoge, kumene amaphunzira nzeru zonse za m'Baibulo. Maphunziro chikuchitika akaweruka kusukulu kapena Lamlungu mmawa. Otchedwa ambiri achipembedzo Chikupindulidwa pa zaka 13 anyamata, atsikana - mpaka 12. Pa nthawiyi, kukonza zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana banja, amene amaimira pakhomo la munthu mukadzakula. Kuyambira pamenepo zolengedwa achinyamata kuti zonse azipita ku sunagoge ndi kutsogolera miyoyo yaumulungu, ndi kupitiriza zina mozama za Torah.

The maholide aakulu amene Ayuda

Waukulu - Paskha, amene Ayuda amachita masika. Mbiri ya chiyambi chake ndi umakhudza nthawi ya ku Iguputo. Kukumbukira zochitika Ayuda kudya mkate ndi madzi ndi ufa - matzo. Pa kuzunza anthu alibe nthawi kuphika mikate zonse, choncho zili ndi mnzake awo Taphunzira. Komanso pa tebulo ali masamba owawa - chizindikiro cha ukapolo ku Iguputo.

Paulendo anayamba kukondwerera Chaka Chatsopano - Rosi Shana. Izi chikondwerero September kuti akulengeza Ufumu wa Mulungu. Tsiku lomwelo Ambuye adzaweruza anthu ndi akuyika maziko zochitika zomwe zidzachitike kwa anthu mu chaka chikubwerachi. Sukkot - ndi china chofunika m'dzinja tsiku. Pandzidzi wa phwando la Ayuda, zikomo Mulungu, masiku asanu ndi awiri akukhala nyumba zosakhalitsa nthambi Sukkah lokutidwa.

Hanuka - komanso chochitika chachikulu kwa Chiyuda. Kukondwerera - chizindikiro cha chigonjetso cha zabwino pa tchimo, kuwala - pa mdima. Iwo anatuluka monga chikumbukiro cha zodabwitsa eyiti zimene zinachitika pa zipolowe zoukira boma Greek ku Siriya. Kuwonjezera chidzatha liti zimaphunzitsa Ayuda chikondwerero Lachiwiri-Bishvat, Yom Kippur, Shavuot, ndi ena.

Zofunikila pa chakudya

Chiyuda, Chikhristu, Chisilamu, Chibuda, Chikomfyushani - lililonse chipembedzo lili ndi makhalidwe ake, ena mwa amene akuwapempha kuphika. Choncho, Ayuda sangakhoze kudya "wodetsedwa" zakudya: nyama ya nkhumba, akavalo, ngamila ndi mbalame. Iwo aletsa oysters, nkhanu ndi anthu ena m'madzi. chakudya choyenera Chiyuda amatchedwa wopatulika.

Ine ndikudabwa zimene chipembedzo amaletsa osati ena katundu, komanso kuphatikiza zonsezi. Mwachitsanzo, taboo - mkaka ndi nyama mbale. Kulamulira mosamalitsa kutsatira odyera onse, mipiringidzo, malo omwera ndi canteens Israel. Kuti mbale anali kutali mzake, iwo mabungwe awa kupyolera mu mazenera zosiyanasiyana ndi kukonzekera m'mbale osiyana.

Ayuda ambiri amaona chakudya Chiyuda , osati chifukwa kawirikawiri alembedwa mu Torah, komanso kusintha kwa thupi lawo. Ndipotu chiwembu mphamvu kwavomelezedwa ndi akatswiri a zinthu zakudya zambiri. Koma ndiye zikhoza ankanena kuti ngati nkhumba si choncho zothandiza, ndiye kukhumudwa nsomba - sakudziwika.

zina

Culture Chiyuda wolemera miyambo zachilendo, unintelligible kwa anthu a zikhulupiriro zina. Mwachitsanzo, amanena kuti mdulidwe. mwambo wakhala umachitika pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu ya moyo wa mnyamatayo akhanda. Kukhala kwathunthu wamkulu, iye kunatanthauzanso kukula ndevu ndi ndevu, monga Myuda woona. zovala Long wokutidwa mutu wake - wina malamulo kwambiri mumtima a Ayuda. Ndipo kapu kuchotsedwa, ngakhale akagona.

wokhulupirira ayenera kuonanso maholide onse achipembedzo. Sitiyenera kukhumudwitsa kapena chipongwe anzawo. Ana kusukulu kuphunzira zoyambirira za chipembedzo chawo: mfundo zake, miyambo ndi mbiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi kusiyana waukulu pakati pa Chiyuda ku zikhulupiriro zina. Tikhoza kunena kuti chikondi cha chipembedzo ana akuyamwitsa mkaka wam'mawere, kudzipereka kwawo wadutsa kwenikweni chibadwa. Mwina n'chifukwa chake anthu osati anapulumuka pa kuwonongedwa misa, koma anakwanitsa kukhala zonse, free ndi ufulu wodzilamulira mtundu kukhala ndi bwino m'dziko lawo chonde.