Bar Mitzvah - ndi chiyani ichi? miyambo ya Ayuda

Bar Mitzvah - Ndi mmodzi wa maholide lalikulu Ayuda, nthawi zonse mwachidwi, chisangalalo komanso chiyembekezo mosangalala. Kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chiheberi litanthauza kuti "mwana wa lamulo." Ndi ambiri achiyuda.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Bar Mitzvah - tsiku limene anthu, chilamulo cha Ayuda, amakhala wamkulu Choncho, amathandiza paokha chifukwa cha zochita zawo. Dziwani kuti anyamata m'badwo - zaka 13, atsikana - 12. m'masunagoge ambiri zisinthe kapena ndiwofatsa, atsikana chikondwerero ambiri achiyuda ndi anyamata limodzi.

Nthawi iyi udindo kukhazikitsa utumiki wa miyambo mwana ndi malamulo a Chiyuda ndi makolo. Koma wamkulu munthu alandira ali ndi udindo wake ndi ufulu: kuphunzitsa Torah kukwaniritsa malamulo ake, komanso ufulu kukwatira kapena kukwatiwa. Ngakhale chaka chatsopano mu wamkulu moyo wa munthu umayamba osati ndi ichi.

Bar Mitzvah - ndi wapadera kwambiri, chofunika ndi amazipanga kusangalala tsiku. Pa mfundo imeneyi, anauza banja ndi abwenzi. Anapeza zovala zokongola, mwana anakonza chikondwerero chachikulu, chotero kuti mnyamata kubadwa amamvera okondwa ndi wosangalatsa. Pa yomweyo ambiri otchulidwa Land Woyera ndi doubly zodabwitsa ndi zachilendo.

Miyambo ndi malamulo

miyambo ya Ayuda amati mwanayo akubwera zakubadwa, iwo amayamba kukhala mlandu pa zochita zawo. Koma si onse. Iye akukhala bala mitzvah (anyamata) kapena mleme mitzvah (atsikana). Nthawi imeneyi, kachiwiri, udindo wonse chifukwa cha mmene mwanayo anati miyambo ndi malamulo a Chiyuda ndi makolo ake. Kamodzi ana kufika m'badwo uno, iwo kusamalira kusunga mwambo, chikumbumtima ndi zina malamulo a Chiyuda. Komanso, iwo anayenera kulandira nawo muzochitika zones za ntchito a Ayuda.

miyambo ya Ayuda

Kukwaniritsa nthawi Bar Mitzvah ndi makamaka chifukwa chakuti mnyamatayo wotchedwa kuwerenga Haftarah ndimeyi waung'ono ndi / kapena Torah pa Shabbat kusiya ntchito zina. Komanso akhoza kubweretsa kuphunzira Torah, kukambirana mitu mlungu uliwonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti kutumikira ayenera kuchita mnyamata, zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malangizo a chipembedzo, koma zimatengera miyambo ya m'dera makamaka. Kaya chikhalidwe cha phwandolo, amuna patapita zaka 13 wokhala ndi mlandu wonse pa malamulo onse a Chiyuda (msungwana - pambuyo 12).

Main chiwerengero cha oimira Orthodox Chiyuda kwathunthu lingaliro la akazi akuchita kulambira ndi anthu Torah kuwerenga iwo. Koma chikondwerero anthu a mwanayo ndi mleme-mitzvah njira zina kwambiri atagonjetsa haredim, komanso m'madera a Chiyuda a Orthodox. M'midzi, azimayi, mwachitsanzo, kuwerenga nkhani yaing'ono nkhani zosiyanasiyana Ayuda, kuphunzira mutu wa Tanach, kuwerenga mapemphero ena ku Siddur, kapena zidutswa malemba ena.

Maudindo ndi ufulu

Kuyambira pamenepo, monga Myuda umalandira zaka mleme mitzvah, lamulo Ayuda ali ndi udindo monga munthu wamkulu, monga mmene tafotokozera pamwambapa. Anapeza ntchito ndi ufulu monga:

• ufulu nawo minyan ndipo adzatchedwa kuti Torah kuwerenga;
• udindo pa zochita zawo;
• ufulu adzatenga katundu aliyense;
• udindo atsatila ndi malamulo onse 613 Torah;
• kuyenera kwa kukwatira.

nkhani

Mu nthawi ya Talmud, ndi Mishnah ndi Tanakh mchitidwe ano mokondwerera ambiri Ayuda analibe kulibe. Mu mabuku a Eksodo ndi Numeri zaka ambiri, analola usilikali ndi zaka 20. The Mishnah limati zaka 13 pa msinkhu womwe mnyamata ayenera kulemekeza malamulo a Torah. Choncho, ndi zaka 5 anyamata kuphunzira Torah, ndi 10 - ndi Mishnah, ndi zaka 13 akuchita malamulo onse kwathunthu.

Bar Mitzvah - mawu amene poyamba anaonekera mu Talmud (m'zaka za zana lachisanu). Iye anayima mnyamata amene onse anali malamulo a Torah. Mu nkhani iyi, Talmud limanena kuti lumbiro munthu pambuyo popereka zaka 13 tikhale malamulo mphamvu ndiponso kuti chifukwa cha wake kukhala weniweni "munthu", mogwirizana ndi Numeri. M'njira zamakono akuti "bala mitzvah" simungathe inachokera kwa atumwi XIV. Dziwani kuti matanthauzo akulu anali "gadol" ndipo "mipiringidzo-onshin" (amatha alangidwe misdeeds awo).

The chachiwiri bala mitzvah

Ayuda achipembedzo, palinso anthu amachita chikondwererochi yachiwiri bala mitzvah, zimene zimachitika munthu akafika zaka 83 zakubadwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi "langwiro" kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu uli pafupi zaka 70, tsono, 83 wazaka tinganene kuti ngati zaka 13 zakubadwa, kokha mu "nthawi yapadera". Mwambo umenewu likupitirirabe wotchuka kwambiri.

mphatso

Baby, kusangalala bala mitzvah, kawirikawiri kupereka mphatso. Classic mphatso mabuku mtengo maphunziro kapena chipembedzo ndi nthenga wosatha, zinthu Zina Zambiri zinthu achipembedzo, mgwirizano ndalama (kuti kupiphatisa maphunziro zina), komanso mitundu yonse ya zikalata mphatso. Lero, ndi zambiri mu unyinji kupereka ndalama.

N'zochititsa chidwi, monga chikondi, apa kumakhaladi wamba kupereka ndalama nthawi zina khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Amatengedwa pa nthawi yomweyo kuti bala mitzvah mphatso ndalama anapanga panokha mitzvah yake yoyamba (ndalama), zomwe akanadziŵa chikondi. Mwanayo ndi makolo ake pa holide tallit choyamba.

Kulakwira ndi malamulo

Kamodzi mnyamata Ayuda anakhala munthu wamkulu, iye ayenera zinthu ngati mwamuna weniweni kapena wothamanga amene amagonjetsa mtima wake woipa, pamene zonse amanditenga wabwino. Mphunzitsi ndi bambo muyenera kuthandiza mwana amayamba njira iyi. Iwo afunika kuthandizidwa kuti amvetse izo ndi kumvetsa zinthu zatsopano zomwe zinatuluka mu izo tsopano, ndipo kodi udindo wake ndi pakalipano zokha.

Watsopano - ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mnyamata pa katundu wa malamulo onse a Wam'mwambamwamba, ndi zosatheka mtheradi kugonjetsa iye nthawi ndi palokha. Pamene ntchito yake - kuopa Atauka chiyambi zoipa, nthawi zonse obisalamo, pewani ntchito mwina vutolo. Iye ayenera kukhulupirira ndi mtima wanga wonse kuti Mlengi anamupatsa mphamvu zokwanira ichi.

Miyambo ndi malamulo a tsiku chikondwerero

Ana malamulo a Torah si akuyenera kuchita. Mnyamata, monga tatchulazi, iwo amayamba kuchita ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu, mtsikana wachiyuda - ndi 12. Pamene akamafika zaka izi, amaona kuti abwere nawo, ndi zizindikiro zina kukhwima.

Ngati mwana anali pa 1 mwezi wa Nisani, bala mitzvah, iye akukhala tsiku 1 mwezi wa Nisani wa chaka cha 14 cha moyo.

Ngati mnyamata anabadwa mu mwezi wa Adara tumphatumpha chaka, m'chaka cha 13 cha moyo ake anali tumphatumpha chaka (panali miyezi iwiri Adara), mwana amakhala bala mitzvah tsiku lobadwa pa 2 Adara.

Ngati mwana anali mu chaka adzatumpha ku Adara, ndipo m'chaka cha 13 cha moyo wake unali adzatumpha, ndiye, ngati iye anabadwa mu 1 Adara, bala mitzvah, iye akukhala 1 Adara; Koma ngati mwanayo anabadwa pa 2 wa Adara, ndi mu Adara wachiwiri amakhala Bar Mitzvah. Pankhaniyi, ngati m'chaka cha 13 cha moyo wake unali wamba, izo zilibe kanthu, iye anadza ku dziko lapansi mu 1 kapena 2 wa Adara - mwamsanga pamene tsiku la kubadwa kwake mu Adare, izo basi amakhala bala mitzvah.