Chiwembu wa London Mobisa: mbiri ndi udindo panopa

Chiwembu London Mobisa tichipeza okwerera 270, 11 mizere, okwana kutalika umene uli wofanana ndi makilomita 402. Tsiku lililonse, mtundu zoyendera ntchito ndi anthu opitirira mamiliyoni atatu ndi alendo likulu British. Logo London Mobisa ndi chimodzi mwa zilembo zazikulu mu chikhalidwe wotchuka padziko lonse amapangidwa ndi kugulitsa zinthu zovala ndi Chalk ndi chizindikiro kampani ndi chiwembu sitima.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi mkhalidwe panopa

tsiku otsegulira yapansi mu London anagwa pa January 10, 1863. Mzere woyamba dzina lake "Metropolitan reyluey" walumbirira yaikulu awiri okwerera sitima. Mu 1890, woyamba London Mobisa sitima kuyamba ntchito electrically. Mpaka 1933, ntchito yomanga ndi chitukuko cha mizere operekedwa ndi makampani. Creation a Dipatimenti ya zonyamula Transport wasonkhanitsa iwo mu dongosolo limodzi boma.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World wasanduka singasiyanitsidwe mobisa pobisalira bomba la anthu amtendere kwa mzindawo. November 18, 1987 anthu a London udakumbukika inayamba mwadzidzidzi moto. Pa tsiku limenelo, zinthu zinapha miyoyo ya anthu makumi atatu. Mu July 2005, maofesi angapo akhala akulimbana uchigawenga. Chifukwa, anayi mabomba yolongosoka mu sitima atatu inapha anthu 56 ndi zoponya mabomba anayi kudzipha.

Pakali pano, chiwembu wa London Mobisa ndi m'malo wachinayi pakati pa Alevi dziko, kumbuyo Seoul, Beijing ndi Shanghai. Anthu a likulu lotchedwa fomu iyi zoyendera chubu (Engl. "Mipope") chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ngalande za.

Mizere ndi London Mobisa siteshoni

Monga tanenera poyamba, ndi mobisa likulu British tichipeza mizere 11 anayi amene ali osaya, winayo - kwambiri. Uliwonse payokha:

• "District" (amaimira mu chithunzi cha mtundu wobiriwira ndipo lili okwerera 60);
• "Anakumana" (wofiirira siteshoni 34);
• "Circumferential" (chikasu, maofesi 36);
• "North" (wakuda, maofesi 50);
• "Waterloo & City" (cyan, siteshoni 2);
• "Chapakati" (wofiira, 49 okwerera);
• "Beykerloo" (Brown, maofesi 25);
• "Piccadilly" (mdima buluu, maofesi 53);
• "Victoria" (buluu, maofesi 16);
• "Chikumbutso" (siliva, maofesi 27);
• "Hammersmith & City" (Pinki, maofesi 29).

Mu 2007, mzere East chinatsekedwa zomangira. zaka zinayi pambuyo kutsegula wake, anakhala mbali zoyendera okwera. Chiwembu London Mobisa mulinso magawo monga "London Overground" ndi "Docklands Kuwala Railway".

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Njira yaitali ndi ulendo mwachindunji ku siteshoni "West Raislip" kuti "Epping" - makilomita 54,9 zimatha ola limodzi ndi mphindi 28.
• Pa gawo la "Stratford" ndi escalator yayifupi (4 mamita), ndi lalitali kwambiri anali siteshoni "Mngelo" (60 mamita).
• Siteshoni ovuta kwambiri wotchedwa "Hampstead" yankholo akuya mamita 59 kuchokera pa msewu.
• Osachepera akuya (mamita 5.2) ili siteshoni "Redbridge".
• "Waterloo" ndi siteshoni lotanganidwa wa London Mobisa. Pa chaka, wodutsa magalimoto pano ndi anthu 82 miliyoni.
• "District" mzere ali ambiri amene okwerera (60), ndi laling'ono - "Waterloo & City" (2).

kamangidwe

Poyamba chiwembu London Mobisa anali pamodzi ndi mapu a mzinda, monga kuchuluka kwa mtundu uwu zoyendera kobvuta zithunzi kuzindikira m'basimo. Kenako, mu 1933 ndi Garri Bek analenga kabuku mudziwe, amene anayika mzere chapansipansi chojambula, osati lawolawo, ndipo aliyense wakonza mtundu.

Wapadera grotesque wosasintha, chimene chidalembedwa mawu Mobisa pa maziko buluu, zinalengedwa ndi Edward Johnston mu 1916. Logo mawu akuti pamwamba mu zaka zoyambirira linakhalapo wakhala amadziwika ndi mayina monga "chandamale" ndi "diso ng'ombeyo". Ndi bwalo ofiira omwe umadutsa pakati pa lamizeremizere buluu. Mlengi wa chizindikiro akadali osadziwika. Pambuyo modes onse zoyendera kubwera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Transport kwa London, choyimira anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku siteshoni ya galimoto basi, sitima, DLR ndi ena.

Today kuyenda pa London Mobisa, inu mosavuta yerekezerani ndi kupita Museum of Modern Art. Malonda chinapangidwira tsopano mwachangu wodzazidwa ndi ndakatulo ndi luso zojambula, motero kupanga maganizo sangalala mwa anthu. Izi alendo komanso mosatha kuneneka osangalala ndi alendo mzinda, ngakhale kuti mtengo wa likanatha wamkulu, malingana ndi magawidwe a avareji mapaundi 3. matikiti Ana ndalama theka la mtengo.